Steel A356 Grade 10
ASTM A356 Grade 10 · UNS J22090
ASTM A356 Grade 10 (UNS J22090) is a high-strength Ni-Cr-Mo-V alloy steel casting used for turbine rotor and casing parts that need elevated-temperature tensile and creep properties.
Reference datasheet — A356 Grade 10 is not in the instant-quote catalog. Upload your part and an engineer will quote it in this grade or suggest the closest stocked equivalent.
Values for the QT condition
A356 Grade 10 tempers and conditions
A356 Grade 10 is supplied in 3 conditions, soft to hard. QT is the default FabDigit quotes; the values on this page are for it.
Compare all 3 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
normalized and tempered | Chosen for very heavy or complex castings where liquid quenching risks distortion/cracking; slightly lower strength, easier to machine. | 430 | 600 | 20 | 11 HRC | 7.7 % IACS |
Q&T + post-weld stress relief | Applies to castings that were weld-repaired after heat treatment; a sub-critical stress relief slightly softens the matrix but restores toughness at repairs. | 470 | 630 | 19 | 14 HRC | 7.5 % IACS |
QTDefault Quenched and tempered | Standard supply condition for turbine casings and valve bodies needing full spec strength plus good toughness in thick sections. | 500 | 655 | 18 | 18 HRC | — |
What is A356 Grade 10?
ASTM A356 Grade 10 (UNS J22090) is a high-strength Ni-Cr-Mo-V alloy steel casting used for turbine rotor and casing parts that need elevated-temperature tensile and creep properties. Default properties are 500 MPa yield, 655 MPa tensile, 18 % elongation and 200 HB (18 HRC), with service to 510 °C; conditions on file are QT, NT and QT-SR, supplied as sand or no-bake castings. It is the strongest grade in this A356 set but has the lowest service ceiling, machines at roughly 50 % of AISI 1212, and is prone to hydrogen and reheat cracking without 200–300 °C preheat and 660–700 °C PWHT. Use Grade 5 or 6 Cr-Mo castings above 510 °C. A356 Grade 10 has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,420°C (2,588 °F). A356 Grade 10 has a yield strength of 500 MPa (72.5 ksi) and a tensile strength of 655 MPa (95 ksi) — stronger than 63% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 18% and the elastic modulus is 207 GPa (30 Msi).
What is A356 Grade 10 used for?
- steam turbine rotors
- high-strength turbine casings
- generator components
Advantages
- High service temperature — 510°C (950 °F), better than 92% of steel grades
- Tough — resists crack growth — 120 MPa·√m (109.2 ksi·√in), better than 81% of steel grades
Limitations
- Limited formability — 10/100, worse than 95% of steel grades
A356 Grade 10 properties
Typical room-temperature values for A356 Grade 10-QT; bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
A356 Grade 10 has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,420°C (2,588 °F).
Mechanical14
A356 Grade 10 has a yield strength of 500 MPa (72.5 ksi) and a tensile strength of 655 MPa (95 ksi) — stronger than 63% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 18% and the elastic modulus is 207 GPa (30 Msi).
Thermal6
A356 Grade 10 is rated for continuous service to 510°C (950 °F). It conducts heat at 38 W/m·K (22 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 69% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 12.3 µm/m·K (6.83 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
A356 Grade 10 conducts electricity at 7.5 % IACS, worse than 67% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is poor (16/100), better than 79% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of A356 Grade 10 takes about 30 MJ of energy and emits 2.3 kg of CO₂ — more than 56% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 80%.
Manufacturability8
A356 Grade 10's machinability is fair (48/100, worse than 57% of steel grades); weldability fair (45/100); formability not recommended (10/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Strength versus weight in the steel family
Yield strength against density for every steel grade FabDigit runs. A356 Grade 10 is highlighted; hover a dot for its name, or open the interactive family chart.
Working with A356 Grade 10
Is A356 Grade 10 easy to machine?
Machine in the tempered condition at ~180–220 HB with rigid setups and carbide tooling; expect ~50 % of AISI 1212 rates and allow generous stock for cast-skin and riser areas.
Can A356 Grade 10 be welded?
Weldable with matching Ni-Cr-Mo-V or 2.25Cr-1Mo low-hydrogen consumables; preheat 200–300 °C, maintain interpass and apply PWHT at ~660–700 °C to avoid hydrogen and reheat cracking.
Can A356 Grade 10 be formed, bent or molded?
Supplied only as sand/no-bake castings — design generous fillets, directional solidification and adequate risering for heavy sections; no cold forming.
A356 Grade 10 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Ccarbon kept low for weldability of heavy sections | ≤ 0.2 | 0.16 |
| Mn | 0.5 – 0.9 | 0.7 |
| Si | ≤ 0.6 | 0.35 |
| Prestricted to limit temper embrittlement | ≤ 0.03 | — |
| S | ≤ 0.03 | — |
| Nirange varies with edition/purchaser agreement | 0.7 – 1.6 | 1.1 |
| Cr | 0.9 – 1.5 | 1.2 |
| Mocreep strength | 1 – 1.5 | 1.2 |
| Vcarbide precipitation strengthening | 0.2 – 0.3 | 0.25 |
| Fe | balance | — |
What surface finishes work on A356 Grade 10?
Shot blast, then phosphate + high-temperature aluminium paint or metal-spray coating; not anodizable and must be protected from wet-steam corrosion during layup.
Surface treatments FabDigit runs on steel parts — pick them in the quote configurator or call them out on the drawing. Each links to its datasheet in the surface-finish library (thickness, specs, call-out, material verdicts).
Organic Coating
Black / Phosphate
Thermal Spray
Equivalent designations
Standards and trade names that resolve to Steel A356 Grade 10 in FabDigit's catalog. Equivalence is nominal — check the exact specification when certification matters.
- UNS
- J22090
How much does A356 Grade 10 cost?
A356 Grade 10 is a premium-cost steel ($$$), cheaper than about 51% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
A356 Grade 10 — frequently asked
What is A356 Grade 10 used for?
A356 Grade 10 is typically used for steam turbine rotors, high-strength turbine casings and generator components. In short: highest strength A356 grade; ni-Cr-Mo-V quench and temper; lower ceiling: 510 °C.
What is the yield strength of A356 Grade 10?
A356 Grade 10 has a typical yield strength of 500 MPa (72.5 ksi) and a tensile strength of 655 MPa (95 ksi) — stronger than 63% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 3 listed tempers.
Is A356 Grade 10 easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated fair (48/100, worse than 57% of steel grades). Machine in the tempered condition at ~180–220 HB with rigid setups and carbide tooling; expect ~50 % of AISI 1212 rates and allow generous stock for cast-skin and riser areas.
Can A356 Grade 10 be welded?
With care — weldability is rated fair (45/100). Weldable with matching Ni-Cr-Mo-V or 2.25Cr-1Mo low-hydrogen consumables; preheat 200–300 °C, maintain interpass and apply PWHT at ~660–700 °C to avoid hydrogen and reheat cracking.
What surface finishes work on A356 Grade 10?
Shot blast, then phosphate + high-temperature aluminium paint or metal-spray coating; not anodizable and must be protected from wet-steam corrosion during layup.
Can A356 Grade 10 be formed, bent or molded?
Supplied only as sand/no-bake castings — design generous fillets, directional solidification and adequate risering for heavy sections; no cold forming.
What is the maximum service temperature of A356 Grade 10?
A356 Grade 10 is rated for continuous use to about 510°C (950 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between A356 Grade 10-QT and A356 Grade 10-NT?
QT is the default condition — standard supply condition for turbine casings and valve bodies needing full spec strength plus good toughness in thick sections. NT: chosen for very heavy or complex castings where liquid quenching risks distortion/cracking; slightly lower strength, easier to machine. Yield strength is 500 MPa in QT versus 430 MPa in NT.
How much does A356 Grade 10 cost?
A356 Grade 10 is a premium-cost steel ($$$), cheaper than about 51% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Sources
- ASTM A356/A356M — Steel Castings, Carbon, Low-Alloy, and Stainless Steel, Heavy-Walled for Steam Turbines — ASTM International (2023)
- ASTM A703/A703M — General Requirements for Steel Castings for Pressure-Containing Parts — ASTM International (2022)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 15 — Casting — ASM International (2008)
- ASTM A488/A488M — Qualification of Procedures and Personnel for Welding of Steel Castings — ASTM International (2022)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison; hardness values on non-Brinell scales are converted approximately for charting only. Manufacturability limits are FabDigit quote-engine defaults and may be relaxed by engineering review. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.