Steel GX23CrMoV12-1
EN 1.4931
GX23CrMoV12-1 (1.4931) is a 12% Cr martensitic cast steel with molybdenum and vanadium additions, supplied annealed, normalized-and-tempered or quenched-and-tempered.
Reference datasheet — GX23CrMoV12-1 is not in the instant-quote catalog. Upload your part and an engineer will quote it in this grade or suggest the closest stocked equivalent.
Values for the +QT1 condition
GX23CrMoV12-1 tempers and conditions
GX23CrMoV12-1 is supplied in 5 conditions, soft to hard. +QT1 is the default FabDigit quotes; the values on this page are for it.
Compare all 5 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Annealed | Intermediate condition supplied for heavy rough machining or weld repair before final quench-and-temper. | 450 | 680 | 20 | 15 HRC | 3 % IACS |
Normalized and tempered | Used for thick-section castings where air cooling is preferred to avoid quench cracking; properties close to +QT1 in this air-hardening grade. | 560 | 780 | 17 | 23 HRC | 2.9 % IACS |
+QT1Default Quenched (air/oil from ~1020–1060 °C) and tempered ~680–730 °C | Standard EN 10213 supply condition for turbine casings and valve bodies — best balance of creep strength and toughness. | 580 | 800 | 17 | 24 HRC | — |
Quenched and tempered at lower temperature for higher strength | Choose when higher room-temperature yield strength is specified for valve bodies; toughness and creep ductility are somewhat lower. | 640 | 860 | 15 | 28 HRC | — |
Spheroidize annealed | Only an intermediate foundry state — hard, brittle untempered martensite; never used in service. | 900 | 1,200 | 5 | 42 HRC | 2.7 % IACS |
What is GX23CrMoV12-1?
GX23CrMoV12-1 (1.4931) is a 12% Cr martensitic cast steel with molybdenum and vanadium additions, supplied annealed, normalized-and-tempered or quenched-and-tempered. It is specified for steam turbine casings and high-temperature valve bodies, giving 580 MPa yield, 800 MPa tensile, 17% elongation and about 250 HB (24 HRC) with service to 550 °C. It is available as sand or shell castings only; welding needs 250–350 °C preheat and a mandatory 700–740 °C temper, and the V-carbide matrix is abrasive to machine. Where 550 °C creep strength is not required, G10MnMoV6-3 is a cheaper low-alloy cast option. GX23CrMoV12-1 has a density of 7.7 g/cm³ (0.278 lb/in³), lighter than 95% of steel grades. It melts at 1,450°C (2,642 °F). GX23CrMoV12-1 has a yield strength of 580 MPa (84.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 800 MPa (116 ksi) — stronger than 75% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 17% and the elastic modulus is 216 GPa (31.3 Msi).
What is GX23CrMoV12-1 used for?
- steam turbine casings
- high-temperature valve bodies
- power plant components
Advantages
- Good corrosion resistance — 52/100, better than 99% of steel grades
- High service temperature — 550°C (1,022 °F), better than 95% of steel grades
- High strength — 580 MPa (84.1 ksi), better than 75% of steel grades
Limitations
- Limited formability — 10/100, worse than 95% of steel grades
- Poor heat conductor — 24 W/m·K (13.9 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 90% of steel grades
- Difficult to machine — 32/100, worse than 87% of steel grades
- High embodied carbon — 2.5 kg CO₂/kg, worse than 82% of steel grades
GX23CrMoV12-1 properties
Typical room-temperature values for GX23CrMoV12-1-+QT1; bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
GX23CrMoV12-1 has a density of 7.7 g/cm³ (0.278 lb/in³), lighter than 95% of steel grades. It melts at 1,450°C (2,642 °F).
Mechanical16
GX23CrMoV12-1 has a yield strength of 580 MPa (84.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 800 MPa (116 ksi) — stronger than 75% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 17% and the elastic modulus is 216 GPa (31.3 Msi).
Thermal6
GX23CrMoV12-1 is rated for continuous service to 550°C (1,022 °F). It conducts heat at 24 W/m·K (13.9 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 90% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 10.5 µm/m·K (5.83 µin/in·°F).
Electrical2
GX23CrMoV12-1 has an electrical resistivity of 6×10⁻⁷ Ω·m.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is fair (52/100), better than 99% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of GX23CrMoV12-1 takes about 33 MJ of energy and emits 2.5 kg of CO₂ — more than 76% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 70%.
Manufacturability8
GX23CrMoV12-1's machinability is poor (32/100, worse than 87% of steel grades); weldability poor (32/100); formability not recommended (10/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Strength versus weight in the steel family
Yield strength against density for every steel grade FabDigit runs. GX23CrMoV12-1 is highlighted; hover a dot for its name, or open the interactive family chart.
Working with GX23CrMoV12-1
Is GX23CrMoV12-1 easy to machine?
Machine in the annealed or tempered condition with rigid setups, sharp carbide inserts, moderate speed and generous coolant; the grade work-hardens and is abrasive due to V carbides.
Can GX23CrMoV12-1 be welded?
Weldable with matching 12Cr-Mo-V or Ni-base filler using 250–350 °C preheat/interpass, slow cooling and mandatory post-weld temper at 700–740 °C.
Can GX23CrMoV12-1 be formed, bent or molded?
Supplied as sand or shell castings only — no cold forming; design generous fillets and controlled feeding to avoid hot tears in the air-hardening matrix.
GX23CrMoV12-1 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| C | 0.2 – 0.26 | 0.23 |
| Si | ≤ 0.4 | 0.3 |
| Mn | 0.4 – 0.8 | 0.6 |
| P | ≤ 0.02 | 0.01 |
| S | ≤ 0.02 | 0.01 |
| Cr | 11.3 – 12.2 | 11.8 |
| Mo | 1 – 1.2 | 1.1 |
| Ni | 0.3 – 0.8 | 0.55 |
| V | 0.25 – 0.35 | 0.3 |
| Fe | balance |
What surface finishes work on GX23CrMoV12-1?
Cannot be anodized; use machined/ground sealing faces, passivation or hard-facing (Stellite) on valve seats and aluminide/thermal-spray coatings for steam-side protection.
Surface treatments FabDigit runs on steel parts — pick them in the quote configurator or call them out on the drawing. Each links to its datasheet in the surface-finish library (thickness, specs, call-out, material verdicts).
Organic Coating
Black / Phosphate
Thermal Spray
Equivalent designations
Standards and trade names that resolve to Steel GX23CrMoV12-1 in FabDigit's catalog. Equivalence is nominal — check the exact specification when certification matters.
- EN / DIN / Werkstoff-Nr.
- 1.4931
How much does GX23CrMoV12-1 cost?
GX23CrMoV12-1 is a premium-cost steel ($$$), cheaper than about 51% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
GX23CrMoV12-1 — frequently asked
What is GX23CrMoV12-1 used for?
GX23CrMoV12-1 is typically used for steam turbine casings, high-temperature valve bodies and power plant components. In short: 12Cr cast steel to 550 °C; turbine-casing creep grade; air-hardening, PWHT mandatory.
What is the yield strength of GX23CrMoV12-1?
GX23CrMoV12-1 has a typical yield strength of 580 MPa (84.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 800 MPa (116 ksi) — stronger than 75% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 5 listed tempers.
Is GX23CrMoV12-1 easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated poor (32/100, worse than 87% of steel grades). Machine in the annealed or tempered condition with rigid setups, sharp carbide inserts, moderate speed and generous coolant; the grade work-hardens and is abrasive due to V carbides.
Can GX23CrMoV12-1 be welded?
Not readily — weldability is rated poor (32/100). Weldable with matching 12Cr-Mo-V or Ni-base filler using 250–350 °C preheat/interpass, slow cooling and mandatory post-weld temper at 700–740 °C.
What surface finishes work on GX23CrMoV12-1?
Cannot be anodized; use machined/ground sealing faces, passivation or hard-facing (Stellite) on valve seats and aluminide/thermal-spray coatings for steam-side protection.
Can GX23CrMoV12-1 be formed, bent or molded?
Supplied as sand or shell castings only — no cold forming; design generous fillets and controlled feeding to avoid hot tears in the air-hardening matrix.
What is the maximum service temperature of GX23CrMoV12-1?
GX23CrMoV12-1 is rated for continuous use to about 550°C (1,022 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between GX23CrMoV12-1 +QT1 and GX23CrMoV12-1-AC?
+QT1 is the default condition — standard EN 10213 supply condition for turbine casings and valve bodies — best balance of creep strength and toughness. AC: only an intermediate foundry state — hard, brittle untempered martensite; never used in service. Yield strength is 580 MPa in +QT1 versus 900 MPa in AC.
How much does GX23CrMoV12-1 cost?
GX23CrMoV12-1 is a premium-cost steel ($$$), cheaper than about 51% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Sources
- EN 10213 — Steel castings for pressure purposes (creep-resisting grades) — CEN (2016)
- EN 10213-2 / material number 1.4931 data sheet — CEN (2007)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol.13B — Corrosion: Materials — ASM International (2005)
- Creep-resistant 12% Cr steel castings for steam turbine casings and valve bodies — foundry/producer literature (2020)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison; hardness values on non-Brinell scales are converted approximately for charting only. Manufacturability limits are FabDigit quote-engine defaults and may be relaxed by engineering review. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.