Steel A182 F36-ANN (Annealed)
Heat-treated state
ASTM A182 F36 · UNS K21001
Occasionally supplied soft for heavy machining or re-forging, with final N+T or Q&T applied afterwards to meet A182 properties.
Values for the ANN condition
Other A182 F36 tempers and conditions
A182 F36 is listed in 3 conditions; see the grade overview at A182 F36.
Compare all 3 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ANNThis page Annealed | Occasionally supplied soft for heavy machining or re-forging, with final N+T or Q&T applied afterwards to meet A182 properties. | 350 | 540 | 30 | 150 HB | 8 % IACS |
Class 1 | Lower-strength, highest-toughness option for thick flanges and fittings where ductility and weldability matter more than strength. | 465 | 620 | 25 | 180 HB | — |
CL2Default Class 2 | Standard high-strength condition for pressure-rated flanges, hubs and fittings needing 515 MPa minimum yield with low-temperature toughness. | 570 | 690 | 22 | 18 HRC | — |
What is A182 F36-ANN?
A182 F36-ANN is A182 F36 heat treated to ANN — occasionally supplied soft for heavy machining or re-forging, with final N+T or Q&T applied afterwards to meet A182 properties. A182 F36-ANN has a yield strength of 350 MPa (50.8 ksi) and a tensile strength of 540 MPa (78.3 ksi) — weaker than 74% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 30% and the elastic modulus is 207 GPa (30 Msi). A182 F36-ANN has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,425°C (2,597 °F). CL2 is the default condition FabDigit quotes; ANN is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- Tough — resists crack growth — 175 MPa·√m (159.3 ksi·√in), better than 98% of steel grades
- Easy to machine — 68/100, better than 95% of steel grades
- Ductile — tolerates forming and impact — 30%, better than 93% of steel grades
- Readily welded — 78/100, better than 78% of steel grades
A182 F36-ANN properties
Typical room-temperature values for A182 F36-ANN; 22 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are A182 F36 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
A182 F36-ANN has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,425°C (2,597 °F).
Mechanical17
A182 F36-ANN has a yield strength of 350 MPa (50.8 ksi) and a tensile strength of 540 MPa (78.3 ksi) — weaker than 74% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 30% and the elastic modulus is 207 GPa (30 Msi).
Thermal6
A182 F36-ANN is rated for continuous service to 400°C (752 °F). It conducts heat at 45 W/m·K (26 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 66% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 12 µm/m·K (6.67 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
A182 F36-ANN conducts electricity at 8 % IACS, better than 55% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is not recommended (12/100), worse than 53% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of A182 F36-ANN takes about 26 MJ of energy and emits 2.1 kg of CO₂ — less than 64% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 30%.
Manufacturability7
A182 F36-ANN's machinability is good (68/100, better than 95% of steel grades); weldability very good (78/100); formability good (58/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with A182 F36-ANN
Is A182 F36 easy to machine?
Machines like a 4130-class low-alloy steel at ~55–65 % of 1212; use rigid setups, coated carbide, 120–180 m/min turning in Q&T condition and expect gummy chips in the annealed state.
Can A182 F36 be welded?
Readily weldable with low-hydrogen E80xx/ER80S consumables; preheat 100–150 °C for heavy sections and apply PWHT at 595–650 °C to restore HAZ toughness for -46 °C service.
Can A182 F36 be formed, bent or molded?
Hot forge at 1100–1230 °C with finish above ~900 °C, then normalize/quench and temper; cold forming is limited to gentle bends because of the high yield strength.
What surface finishes work on A182 F36?
No anodizing — protect by shot blast + zinc-rich epoxy, hot-dip galvanizing (watch for hydrogen/liquid-metal embrittlement risk on Q&T parts), phosphating or electroless nickel; polishes to a moderate mirror but corrodes rapidly bare.
A182 F36 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Clow carbon for weldability and toughness | 0.1 – 0.17 | 0.14 |
| Mn | 0.8 – 1.2 | 1 |
| Si | 0.15 – 0.35 | 0.25 |
| P | ≤ 0.03 | — |
| Smax; often restricted to 0.010 for impact grades | ≤ 0.03 | — |
| Nitoughness at low temperature | 0.25 – 0.5 | 0.4 |
| Mohardenability / temper resistance | 0.45 – 0.65 | 0.55 |
| Crresidual limit | ≤ 0.3 | 0.15 |
| Curesidual limit | ≤ 0.5 | 0.2 |
| Nbgrain refinement | 0.02 – 0.05 | 0.03 |
| Vmicroalloy addition | ≤ 0.08 | 0.04 |
| Bhardenability, when specified | ≤ 0 | 0 |
| Fe | balance | — |
A182 F36-ANN — frequently asked
What is A182 F36-ANN used for?
A182 F36-ANN is typically used for cold-service flanges, fittings requiring guaranteed low-temperature impact toughness, valve bodies for low-temperature piping, weld-neck flanges for pipeline connections, pressure vessel nozzles in cold service and forged pipe couplings for impact-critical lines. In short: toughness-rated forging grade; high yield C-Mn steel; qualified for −46 °C service.
What is the yield strength of A182 F36-ANN?
A182 F36-ANN has a typical yield strength of 350 MPa (50.8 ksi) and a tensile strength of 540 MPa (78.3 ksi) — weaker than 74% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 3 listed tempers.
Is A182 F36-ANN easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated good (68/100, better than 95% of steel grades). Machines like a 4130-class low-alloy steel at ~55–65 % of 1212; use rigid setups, coated carbide, 120–180 m/min turning in Q&T condition and expect gummy chips in the annealed state.
Can A182 F36-ANN be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated very good (78/100). Readily weldable with low-hydrogen E80xx/ER80S consumables; preheat 100–150 °C for heavy sections and apply PWHT at 595–650 °C to restore HAZ toughness for -46 °C service.
What surface finishes work on A182 F36-ANN?
No anodizing — protect by shot blast + zinc-rich epoxy, hot-dip galvanizing (watch for hydrogen/liquid-metal embrittlement risk on Q&T parts), phosphating or electroless nickel; polishes to a moderate mirror but corrodes rapidly bare.
Can A182 F36-ANN be formed, bent or molded?
Hot forge at 1100–1230 °C with finish above ~900 °C, then normalize/quench and temper; cold forming is limited to gentle bends because of the high yield strength.
What is the maximum service temperature of A182 F36-ANN?
A182 F36-ANN is rated for continuous use to about 400°C (752 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between A182 F36-CL2 and A182 F36-ANN?
CL2 is the default condition — standard high-strength condition for pressure-rated flanges, hubs and fittings needing 515 MPa minimum yield with low-temperature toughness. ANN: occasionally supplied soft for heavy machining or re-forging, with final N+T or Q&T applied afterwards to meet A182 properties. Yield strength is 570 MPa in CL2 versus 350 MPa in ANN.
Sources
- ASTM A182/A182M — Forged or Rolled Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe Flanges, Fittings, Valves and Parts for High-Temperature Service — ASTM International (2023)
- ASME BPVC Section II Part D — Material Properties (physical property tables, low-alloy ferritic steels) — ASME (2023)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASTM A370 — Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products (hardness conversions) — ASTM International (2022)
- UNS K21001 alloy record (Metals & Alloys in the Unified Numbering System) — SAE/ASTM (2017)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.