Steel 1065
AISI/SAE 1065 · UNS G10650
1065 is a plain-carbon (non-alloy) high-carbon steel with about 0.65 % C and 0.60–0.90 % Mn, supplied as hot-rolled bar and coil, cold-drawn bar/wire and cold-rolled spring strip.
Values for the HR condition
1065 tempers and conditions
1065 is supplied in 9 conditions, soft to hard. HR is the default FabDigit quotes; the values on this page are for it.
Compare all 9 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Spheroidize annealed | Use for severe cold forming, upsetting or heavy machining of high-carbon stock. | 320 | 560 | 28 | 160 HB | 10 % IACS |
full anneal (~790 °C, slow cool) | Softest general condition; pick it for machining, blanking and stress-free stock before hardening. | 340 | 615 | 23 | 174 HB | — |
HRDefault Hot rolled | Default stock condition for bar, plate and coil that will be machined and then heat treated. | 380 | 670 | 12 | 190 HB | — |
~900 °C, air cool | Pick for uniform fine pearlitic structure and better machined-surface consistency before hardening. | 420 | 690 | 15 | 200 HB | — |
Cold rolled | Cold-rolled coil/strip for blanked parts, saw plate and blade blanks that will be hardened after forming. | 520 | 720 | 10 | 15 HRC | 9.5 % IACS |
Spheroidized Annealed + Cold Drawn | 1065 spheroidize-annealed to a globular carbide structure then cold drawn — better ductility and cold-heading/machining behaviour than as-drawn pearlitic bar at similar strength. | 530 | 640 | 10 | 187 HB | 9.5 % IACS |
Cold drawn | Choose for close size tolerance, straightness and higher as-supplied yield strength without heat treating. | 635 | 745 | 10 | 220 HB | — |
Quenched and tempered | Standard hardened condition for blades, knives, springs and wear parts needing high strength with usable toughness. | 1,200 | 1,400 | 10 | 42 HRC | — |
Hardened & tempered spring strip (blue tempered, 44–50 HRC) | Pre-hardened strip supplied ready to form flat springs, clips, shims and doctor blades — no further heat treatment. | 1,400 | 1,550 | 5 | 46 HRC | — |
What is 1065?
1065 is a plain-carbon (non-alloy) high-carbon steel with about 0.65 % C and 0.60–0.90 % Mn, supplied as hot-rolled bar and coil, cold-drawn bar/wire and cold-rolled spring strip. It is chosen where high strength, good wear resistance and a hard, springy temper are needed at low cost — blades, hand tools, agricultural knives, flat and coil springs, saw plate, washers and shafting. Limits are poor weldability (hardening/cracking in the HAZ), low toughness and notch sensitivity at high hardness, only fair cold formability in the hard condition, and no inherent corrosion resistance so coatings or oiling are required. 1065 has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,425°C (2,597 °F). 1065 has a yield strength of 380 MPa (55.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 670 MPa (97.2 ksi) — weaker than 68% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 12% and the elastic modulus is 205 GPa (29.7 Msi).
What is 1065 used for?
- Coil springs
- Washers
- Hand tools
Advantages
- Low embodied carbon — 1.9 kg CO₂/kg, better than 92% of steel grades
- Conducts heat well — 49 W/m·K (28.3 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 83% of steel grades
- Polishes to a fine finish — 65/100, better than 78% of steel grades
- High electrical conductivity — 9.5 % IACS, better than 75% of steel grades
Limitations
- Low fracture toughness — 45 MPa·√m (41 ksi·√in), worse than 90% of steel grades
- Limited ductility — 12%, worse than 84% of steel grades
- Difficult to weld — 25/100, worse than 77% of steel grades
1065 properties
Typical room-temperature values for 1065-HR; bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
1065 has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,425°C (2,597 °F).
Mechanical15
1065 has a yield strength of 380 MPa (55.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 670 MPa (97.2 ksi) — weaker than 68% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 12% and the elastic modulus is 205 GPa (29.7 Msi).
Thermal6
1065 is rated for continuous service to 350°C (662 °F). It conducts heat at 49 W/m·K (28.3 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 83% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 11.3 µm/m·K (6.28 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
1065 conducts electricity at 9.5 % IACS, better than 75% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is not recommended (10/100), worse than 86% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 1065 takes about 25 MJ of energy and emits 1.9 kg of CO₂ — less than 82% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 30%.
Manufacturability8
1065's machinability is fair (45/100, worse than 65% of steel grades); weldability poor (25/100); formability poor (30/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Strength versus weight in the steel family
Yield strength against density for every steel grade FabDigit runs. 1065 is highlighted; hover a dot for its name, or open the interactive family chart.
Working with 1065
Is 1065 easy to machine?
Machine annealed or spheroidized with rigid setups, carbide tooling, 60–100 m/min and generous coolant; above ~35 HRC switch to grinding, CBN or EDM.
Can 1065 be welded?
Poor weldability — preheat 200–300 °C, low-hydrogen consumables, minimum restraint and immediate post-weld temper/stress relief to avoid HAZ martensite cracking.
Can 1065 be formed, bent or molded?
Form in the annealed/spheroidized state with generous bend radii (≥2t); hard or tempered strip has little residual ductility and should be roll-formed or blanked, then stress relieved at 250–350 °C.
Manufacturability
The process limits FabDigit applies to 1065. Every 1065 part is priced by an engineer; design inside these and the quote comes back without a redesign loop.
CNC machining
| Machinability | Good45 / 100 |
|---|---|
| ISO material group | P.1 |
| Cutting speed (rough / finish) | 220 / 260 m/min |
| Minimum wall | 0.8 mm |
| Minimum internal radius | 1 mm |
| Drill depth limit | 5× diameter |
| Best surface (machined / polished) | Ra 1.6 / — |
| Hardenable after machining | No |
Sheet metal
| Formability | Fair30 / 100 |
|---|---|
| Weldability | Fair25 / 100 |
1065 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| CSAE/AISI 1065; EN C67 is 0.65–0.72 | 0.6 – 0.7 | 0.65 |
| Mn | 0.6 – 0.9 | 0.75 |
| Sitypical for killed hot-rolled product; not specified for all forms | 0.15 – 0.35 | 0.25 |
| P | ≤ 0.04 | |
| S | ≤ 0.05 | |
| Fe | balance |
What surface finishes work on 1065?
No corrosion resistance: use black oxide, manganese/zinc phosphate, oil, zinc or nickel plating (bake to avoid hydrogen embrittlement above 40 HRC), or paint; polishes to a fine edge but must be protected.
Surface treatments FabDigit runs on steel parts — pick them in the quote configurator or call them out on the drawing. Each links to its datasheet in the surface-finish library (thickness, specs, call-out, material verdicts).
Plating
CVD Coating
Black / Phosphate
Thermal Spray
Equivalent designations
Standards and trade names that resolve to Steel 1065 in FabDigit's catalog. Equivalence is nominal — check the exact specification when certification matters.
- UNS
- G10650
- Similar grades
- C601.060165
How much does 1065 cost?
1065 is a standard-cost steel ($$), cheaper than about 82% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
1065 — frequently asked
What is 1065 used for?
1065 is typically used for coil springs, washers and hand tools. In short: premium high-carbon spring steel.
What is the yield strength of 1065?
1065 has a typical yield strength of 380 MPa (55.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 670 MPa (97.2 ksi) — weaker than 68% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 9 listed tempers.
Is 1065 easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated fair (45/100, worse than 65% of steel grades). Machine annealed or spheroidized with rigid setups, carbide tooling, 60–100 m/min and generous coolant; above ~35 HRC switch to grinding, CBN or EDM.
Can 1065 be welded?
Not readily — weldability is rated poor (25/100). Poor weldability — preheat 200–300 °C, low-hydrogen consumables, minimum restraint and immediate post-weld temper/stress relief to avoid HAZ martensite cracking.
What surface finishes work on 1065?
No corrosion resistance: use black oxide, manganese/zinc phosphate, oil, zinc or nickel plating (bake to avoid hydrogen embrittlement above 40 HRC), or paint; polishes to a fine edge but must be protected.
Can 1065 be formed, bent or molded?
Form in the annealed/spheroidized state with generous bend radii (≥2t); hard or tempered strip has little residual ductility and should be roll-formed or blanked, then stress relieved at 250–350 °C.
What is the maximum service temperature of 1065?
1065 is rated for continuous use to about 350°C (662 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 1065-HR and 1065-CD?
HR is the default condition — default stock condition for bar, plate and coil that will be machined and then heat treated. CD: choose for close size tolerance, straightness and higher as-supplied yield strength without heat treating. Yield strength is 380 MPa in HR versus 635 MPa in CD.
How much does 1065 cost?
1065 is a standard-cost steel ($$), cheaper than about 82% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Can FabDigit make parts in 1065?
Yes — 1065 is available for CNC machining and sheet metal; every part is priced by an engineer rather than instantly. Upload a STEP file to get a price and a DFM check.
Sources
- SAE J403 — Chemical Compositions of SAE Carbon Steels — SAE International (2014)
- ASTM A29/A29M — General Requirements for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought — ASTM (2020)
- ASTM A682/A684 — Hardenable and High-Carbon Cold-Rolled Steel Strip — ASTM (2019)
- EN 10132-4 / EN 10083-2 (C67 / C60E) — CEN (2006)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol.4 — Heat Treating — ASM International (1991)
- ASM Handbook Vol.16 — Machining — ASM International (1989)
- Carbon steel property compilations (MMPDS/CES typical values) — various (2022)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison; hardness values on non-Brinell scales are converted approximately for charting only. Manufacturability limits are FabDigit quote-engine defaults and may be relaxed by engineering review. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.