Steel C35EC
EN 1.1172
C35EC (1.1172, Ck35, AISI 1035) is a medium-carbon non-alloy steel of about 0.35 % C supplied with controlled hardenability for cold heading and subsequent surface or case hardening.
Reference datasheet — C35EC is not in the instant-quote catalog. Upload your part and an engineer will quote it in this grade or suggest the closest stocked equivalent.
Values for the +AC condition
C35EC tempers and conditions
C35EC is supplied in 10 conditions, soft to hard. +AC is the default FabDigit quotes; the values on this page are for it.
Compare all 10 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Annealed | Use when moderate softening and machining stock are enough and full spheroidizing is not needed. | 300 | 540 | 24 | 155 HB | 10.9 % IACS |
+ACDefault Spheroidize annealed | Default stock condition for cold heading/extrusion — maximum ductility, Rm limited to 550 MPa. | 310 | 500 | 25 | 145 HB | — |
Normalized | Uniform fine grain and predictable machining/heat-treat response for forged or hot-formed parts. | 330 | 580 | 20 | 165 HB | 10.8 % IACS |
Hot rolled | Cheapest mill condition for rod that will be annealed or drawn by the fastener maker. | 340 | 600 | 20 | 170 HB | 10.8 % IACS |
Peeled / turned and polished bar | Decarb-free bright bar for direct machining of shafts and pins. | 340 | 590 | 20 | 170 HB | 10.8 % IACS |
Light-drawn | Small reduction for size/straightness and clean surface while keeping most cold-heading ductility. | 420 | 555 | 16 | 165 HB | 10.8 % IACS |
Hardened and tempered | Pick when the finished cold-formed part must reach ~700–800 MPa; hardenability band is guaranteed for consistent quench response. | 480 | 700 | 19 | 18 HRC | — |
Quenched & tempered core with induction/flame hardened surface | For wear surfaces on pins, shafts and cams: hard martensitic case (~50–55 HRC) over a tough tempered core. | 480 | 700 | 16 | 52 HRC | 9.5 % IACS |
Spheroidize annealed then cold drawn | Standard drawn cold-heading wire: sized and lubricant-coated, still formable enough for bolt heading. | 500 | 610 | 12 | 180 HB | — |
Cold drawn | Higher strength and good surface/tolerance for machined pins and shafts, limited further cold forming. | 590 | 700 | 9 | 205 HB | — |
What is C35EC?
C35EC (1.1172, Ck35, AISI 1035) is a medium-carbon non-alloy steel of about 0.35 % C supplied with controlled hardenability for cold heading and subsequent surface or case hardening. It is bought as drawn or spheroidize-annealed wire and bar for parts formed cold and then hardened; the default condition shows 310 MPa yield, 500 MPa tensile, 25 % elongation and 145 HB (78 HRB). Conditions on file run from +U and +A through +AC, +AC+C, +LC, +C, +PE, +N, +H and +H+IH. It has no corrosion resistance and welding needs preheat at CE ≈ 0.45–0.50; if cold forming is not required, use C35E. C35EC has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,425°C (2,597 °F). C35EC has a yield strength of 310 MPa (45 ksi) and a tensile strength of 500 MPa (72.5 ksi) — weaker than 83% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 25% and the elastic modulus is 210 GPa (30.5 Msi).
What is C35EC used for?
- cold-headed fasteners
- shafts
- pins
- small forgings
Advantages
- Forms and bends easily — 85/100, better than 96% of steel grades
- High electrical conductivity — 10.8 % IACS, better than 94% of steel grades
- Low embodied carbon — 1.9 kg CO₂/kg, better than 92% of steel grades
- Conducts heat well — 49 W/m·K (28.3 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 83% of steel grades
- Ductile — tolerates forming and impact — 25%, better than 77% of steel grades
Limitations
- Low strength — 310 MPa (45 ksi), worse than 83% of steel grades
- Low fracture toughness — 55 MPa·√m (50.1 ksi·√in), worse than 82% of steel grades
C35EC properties
Typical room-temperature values for C35EC-+AC; bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
C35EC has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,425°C (2,597 °F).
Mechanical16
C35EC has a yield strength of 310 MPa (45 ksi) and a tensile strength of 500 MPa (72.5 ksi) — weaker than 83% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 25% and the elastic modulus is 210 GPa (30.5 Msi).
Thermal6
C35EC is rated for continuous service to 400°C (752 °F). It conducts heat at 49 W/m·K (28.3 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 83% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 11.1 µm/m·K (6.17 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
C35EC conducts electricity at 10.8 % IACS, better than 94% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is not recommended (10/100), worse than 86% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of C35EC takes about 25 MJ of energy and emits 1.9 kg of CO₂ — less than 82% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 25%.
Manufacturability7
C35EC's machinability is good (55/100, better than 62% of steel grades); weldability good (55/100); formability excellent (85/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Strength versus weight in the steel family
Yield strength against density for every steel grade FabDigit runs. C35EC is highlighted; hover a dot for its name, or open the interactive family chart.
Working with C35EC
Is C35EC easy to machine?
Machines like 1035: spheroidized +AC is gummy and needs sharp positive-rake tools and good chip control; cold-drawn or normalized condition (170–210 HB) gives the best finish, ~55–70 % of 1212.
Can C35EC be welded?
Weldable with preheat 100–200 °C and low-hydrogen consumables (CE ≈ 0.45–0.50); post-weld stress relief or tempering advised on hardened parts to avoid cold cracking.
Can C35EC be formed, bent or molded?
Excellent cold heading, extrusion and thread rolling in +AC/+AC+C with phosphate-soap or polymer lubricant; hot forge 1100–1200 °C, harden 840–870 °C water/oil quench, temper 550–660 °C.
C35EC chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| CEN 10263-4 | 0.32 – 0.39 | 0.35 |
| Silow Si for cold formability | ≤ 0.3 | 0.2 |
| Mn | 0.5 – 0.8 | 0.65 |
| P | ≤ 0.03 | 0.02 |
| Smax; low S for heading | ≤ 0.03 | 0.01 |
| Crresidual | ≤ 0.4 | 0.1 |
| Niresidual | ≤ 0.4 | 0.08 |
| Moresidual | ≤ 0.1 | 0.02 |
| Curesidual | ≤ 0.25 | 0.1 |
| Fe | balance |
What surface finishes work on C35EC?
No corrosion resistance bare — specify zinc or zinc-nickel plating, phosphate + oil, or Dacromet/paint; bake at 190–220 °C after plating of hardened parts to prevent hydrogen embrittlement.
Surface treatments FabDigit runs on steel parts — pick them in the quote configurator or call them out on the drawing. Each links to its datasheet in the surface-finish library (thickness, specs, call-out, material verdicts).
Organic Coating
Black / Phosphate
Thermal Spray
Equivalent designations
Standards and trade names that resolve to Steel C35EC in FabDigit's catalog. Equivalence is nominal — check the exact specification when certification matters.
- EN / DIN / Werkstoff-Nr.
- 1.1172
- Similar grades
- Ck35103535
How much does C35EC cost?
C35EC is a budget-cost steel ($), cheaper than about 90% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
C35EC — frequently asked
What is C35EC used for?
C35EC is typically used for cold-headed fasteners, shafts, pins and small forgings. In short: cold-heading quality C35; controlled hardenability grade; best formability at 0.35 % C.
What is the yield strength of C35EC?
C35EC has a typical yield strength of 310 MPa (45 ksi) and a tensile strength of 500 MPa (72.5 ksi) — weaker than 83% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 10 listed tempers.
Is C35EC easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated good (55/100, better than 62% of steel grades). Machines like 1035: spheroidized +AC is gummy and needs sharp positive-rake tools and good chip control; cold-drawn or normalized condition (170–210 HB) gives the best finish, ~55–70 % of 1212.
Can C35EC be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated good (55/100). Weldable with preheat 100–200 °C and low-hydrogen consumables (CE ≈ 0.45–0.50); post-weld stress relief or tempering advised on hardened parts to avoid cold cracking.
What surface finishes work on C35EC?
No corrosion resistance bare — specify zinc or zinc-nickel plating, phosphate + oil, or Dacromet/paint; bake at 190–220 °C after plating of hardened parts to prevent hydrogen embrittlement.
Can C35EC be formed, bent or molded?
Excellent cold heading, extrusion and thread rolling in +AC/+AC+C with phosphate-soap or polymer lubricant; hot forge 1100–1200 °C, harden 840–870 °C water/oil quench, temper 550–660 °C.
What is the maximum service temperature of C35EC?
C35EC is rated for continuous use to about 400°C (752 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
How much does C35EC cost?
C35EC is a budget-cost steel ($), cheaper than about 90% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Sources
- EN 10263-4 Steel rod, bars and wire for cold heading and cold extrusion — steels for quenching and tempering — CEN (2018)
- EN 10263-2 Delivery conditions for steels not intended for heat treatment — CEN (2018)
- EN 10083-2 Steels for quenching and tempering — non-alloy steels (C35E/C35R) — CEN (2006)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- Machinery's Handbook, machinability ratings — Industrial Press (2020)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison; hardness values on non-Brinell scales are converted approximately for charting only. Manufacturability limits are FabDigit quote-engine defaults and may be relaxed by engineering review. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.