Steel C35E
EN C35E
C35E (1.1181, Ck35, AISI 1035) is a medium-carbon non-alloy quality steel of about 0.35 % C to EN 10083, most often supplied quenched and tempered.
Reference datasheet — C35E is not in the instant-quote catalog. Upload your part and an engineer will quote it in this grade or suggest the closest stocked equivalent.
Values for the +QT condition
C35E tempers and conditions
C35E is supplied in 7 conditions, soft to hard. +QT is the default FabDigit quotes; the values on this page are for it.
Compare all 7 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Annealed | Pick for maximum cold formability and easiest machining before final heat treatment. | 300 | 540 | 24 | 160 HB | — |
Hot rolled | Cheapest supply condition for parts that will be heat treated by the customer or for lightly loaded structural use. | 310 | 550 | 20 | 160 HB | — |
Normalized | Standard low-cost condition for uniform fine-grained bar and forgings of moderate strength. | 330 | 570 | 21 | 170 HB | — |
Normalized and tempered | Choose when normalizing stresses must be relieved and slightly higher toughness/dimensional stability is needed at near-normalized strength. | 340 | 580 | 22 | 172 HB | — |
+QTDefault Quenched and tempered | Default condition for loaded shafts, bolts and machine parts needing the best strength/toughness balance in sections up to ~40 mm. | 430 | 660 | 20 | 15 HRC | — |
+QT then induction surface hardened | Use where a tough Q&T core must carry load while journals, cams or gear teeth need a hard, wear- and fatigue-resistant surface. | 430 | 660 | 16 | 54 HRC | — |
Cold drawn | Pick for close-tolerance bright bar with higher yield strength when parts are made mostly by turning without further heat treatment. | 500 | 640 | 11 | 195 HB | — |
What is C35E?
C35E (1.1181, Ck35, AISI 1035) is a medium-carbon non-alloy quality steel of about 0.35 % C to EN 10083, most often supplied quenched and tempered. It is the default choice for moderately loaded shafts, bolts and machine parts where an alloy grade such as 42CrMo4 is more than needed; the default +QT values are 430 MPa yield, 660 MPa tensile, 20 % elongation and 200 HB (15 HRC, 93 HRB), with +A, +N, +NT, +C, +U and +QT+IH also on file. Maximum service temperature is about 400 °C, it rusts unprotected, and CE ≈ 0.45 means preheat and post-weld tempering on welded joints. C35E has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,425°C (2,597 °F). C35E has a yield strength of 430 MPa (62.4 ksi) and a tensile strength of 660 MPa (95.7 ksi) — weaker than 51% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 20% and the elastic modulus is 210 GPa (30.5 Msi).
What is C35E used for?
- shafts
- bolts
- connecting rods
- machine parts
Advantages
- High electrical conductivity — 10 % IACS, better than 83% of steel grades
Limitations
- Low fracture toughness — 60 MPa·√m (54.6 ksi·√in), worse than 78% of steel grades
C35E properties
Typical room-temperature values for C35E-+QT; bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
C35E has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,425°C (2,597 °F).
Mechanical17
C35E has a yield strength of 430 MPa (62.4 ksi) and a tensile strength of 660 MPa (95.7 ksi) — weaker than 51% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 20% and the elastic modulus is 210 GPa (30.5 Msi).
Thermal6
C35E is rated for continuous service to 400°C (752 °F). It conducts heat at 47 W/m·K (27.2 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 75% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 11.5 µm/m·K (6.39 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
C35E conducts electricity at 10 % IACS, better than 83% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is not recommended (10/100), worse than 86% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of C35E takes about 25 MJ of energy and emits 2 kg of CO₂ — less than 82% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 30%.
Manufacturability6
C35E's machinability is good (55/100, better than 62% of steel grades); weldability fair (50/100); formability fair (40/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Strength versus weight in the steel family
Yield strength against density for every steel grade FabDigit runs. C35E is highlighted; hover a dot for its name, or open the interactive family chart.
Working with C35E
Is C35E easy to machine?
Machines well at ~180–220 HB with carbide at 150–250 m/min; annealed material can smear, so prefer +N or +QT for good chip control and surface finish.
Can C35E be welded?
Weldable with low-hydrogen SMAW/GMAW but CE≈0.45 means preheat 150–250 °C, control interpass, and PWHT or re-temper at 550–650 °C to avoid hard HAZ cracking.
Can C35E be formed, bent or molded?
Hot forge 850–1150 °C then normalize; cold bending/heading only in +A or +N condition with generous radii — cold formability is limited by the 0.35 % C level.
C35E chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| CEN 10083-2 heat analysis | 0.32 – 0.39 | 0.35 |
| Si | ≤ 0.4 | 0.25 |
| Mn | 0.5 – 0.8 | 0.65 |
| P | ≤ 0.03 | 0.02 |
| S'E' quality = controlled low sulfur; C35R has 0.020–0.040 S | ≤ 0.04 | 0.02 |
| Crresidual | ≤ 0.4 | 0.1 |
| Moresidual | ≤ 0.1 | 0.02 |
| Niresidual; Cr+Mo+Ni ≤ 0.63 | ≤ 0.4 | 0.1 |
| Fe | balance |
What surface finishes work on C35E?
No corrosion resistance of its own: use phosphate + oil, black oxide, zinc or hard-chrome plating, or paint; polishes well after Q&T but will rust unless protected.
Surface treatments FabDigit runs on steel parts — pick them in the quote configurator or call them out on the drawing. Each links to its datasheet in the surface-finish library (thickness, specs, call-out, material verdicts).
Organic Coating
Black / Phosphate
Thermal Spray
Equivalent designations
Standards and trade names that resolve to Steel C35E in FabDigit's catalog. Equivalence is nominal — check the exact specification when certification matters.
- EN / DIN / Werkstoff-Nr.
- 1.1181
- Similar grades
- Ck35103535
How much does C35E cost?
C35E is a budget-cost steel ($), cheaper than about 90% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
C35E — frequently asked
What is C35E used for?
C35E is typically used for shafts, bolts, connecting rods and machine parts. In short: workhorse Q&T shaft steel; cheaper than 42CrMo4; mid-range carbon strength.
What is the yield strength of C35E?
C35E has a typical yield strength of 430 MPa (62.4 ksi) and a tensile strength of 660 MPa (95.7 ksi) — weaker than 51% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 7 listed tempers.
Is C35E easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated good (55/100, better than 62% of steel grades). Machines well at ~180–220 HB with carbide at 150–250 m/min; annealed material can smear, so prefer +N or +QT for good chip control and surface finish.
Can C35E be welded?
With care — weldability is rated fair (50/100). Weldable with low-hydrogen SMAW/GMAW but CE≈0.45 means preheat 150–250 °C, control interpass, and PWHT or re-temper at 550–650 °C to avoid hard HAZ cracking.
What surface finishes work on C35E?
No corrosion resistance of its own: use phosphate + oil, black oxide, zinc or hard-chrome plating, or paint; polishes well after Q&T but will rust unless protected.
Can C35E be formed, bent or molded?
Hot forge 850–1150 °C then normalize; cold bending/heading only in +A or +N condition with generous radii — cold formability is limited by the 0.35 % C level.
What is the maximum service temperature of C35E?
C35E is rated for continuous use to about 400°C (752 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
How much does C35E cost?
C35E is a budget-cost steel ($), cheaper than about 90% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Sources
- EN 10083-2 Steels for quenching and tempering — Non-alloy steels — CEN (2006)
- EN 10277 Bright steel products — technical delivery conditions — CEN (2018)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1: Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol.4: Heat Treating — ASM International (1991)
- Stahlschlüssel / Key to Steel — 1.1181 (Ck35) — Verlag Stahlschlüssel Wegst (2023)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison; hardness values on non-Brinell scales are converted approximately for charting only. Manufacturability limits are FabDigit quote-engine defaults and may be relaxed by engineering review. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.