Stainless Steel 2205
UNS S31803, S32205 · EN 1.4462, X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 · GB 022Cr22Ni5Mo3N, 022Cr23Ni5Mo3N
2205 is the workhorse 22 % Cr duplex stainless steel with a roughly 50/50 ferrite–austenite microstructure, nitrogen-alloyed and containing ~3 % Mo (UNS S32205 is the modern, higher-N version of S31803).
Values for the Solution Annealed condition
2205 tempers and conditions
2205 is supplied in 7 conditions, soft to hard. Solution Annealed is the default FabDigit quotes; the values on this page are for it.
- Hot Rolled
- Forged + Solution Annealed
- Annealed
- Solution Annealed
- As Welded
- Cold Drawn
- Cold Worked High Strength
Compare all 7 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
hot-finished plate/bar (1D surface) | Thick plate and hot-finished bar for pressure vessels and structures where surface finish is not critical. | 520 | 770 | 30 | 25 HRC | 2.2 % IACS |
Forged, Solution Annealed and Quenched | Valve bodies, flanges and pump parts; heavy sections need controlled cooling to avoid sigma phase and keep impact toughness. | 520 | 760 | 28 | 25 HRC | 2.2 % IACS |
mill-annealed bar/plate (generic annealed designation) | Generic annealed stock designation; mechanically equivalent to solution annealed, use when the certificate simply states 'annealed'. | 530 | 780 | 30 | 25 HRC | 2.2 % IACS |
Solution AnnealedDefault 1020–1100 °C, rapid quench (mill standard) | Standard as-supplied condition for plate, sheet, pipe and forgings; balanced 50/50 phase ratio and full corrosion resistance. | 540 | 790 | 30 | 26 HRC | — |
ER2209/E2209 weld metal, no PWHT | Design value for weldments made with over-alloyed 2209 filler and left in the as-welded condition. | 580 | 790 | 25 | 26 HRC | 2.2 % IACS |
cold-drawn / peeled bar and tube | Choose for close tolerances, straightness and a strength bump in shafting, fasteners and instrument tubing. | 650 | 860 | 22 | 29 HRC | 2.2 % IACS |
tube/strip/wire | Heavily drawn/rolled product for springs, umbilical tube and high-pressure lines where >700 MPa yield is required. | 790 | 1,000 | 15 | 33 HRC | 2.2 % IACS |
Supply forms, finishes and certifications
Ways 2205 is supplied — form, process route, surface or paperwork — without a datasheet of their own. The property values above apply.
| Option | What it is | Type |
|---|---|---|
Cold Rolled 2B | Cold Rolled, Annealed, Pickled | Surface finish |
What is 2205?
2205 is the workhorse 22 % Cr duplex stainless steel with a roughly 50/50 ferrite–austenite microstructure, nitrogen-alloyed and containing ~3 % Mo (UNS S32205 is the modern, higher-N version of S31803). It offers about twice the yield strength of 304/316L together with much better chloride pitting and stress-corrosion-cracking resistance (PREN ≈ 34–36), so it is chosen for chemical process, oil & gas, desalination and pulp equipment where thinner, lighter sections are wanted. Its limits are the 475 °C sigma/alpha-prime embrittlement window (no continuous service above ~300 °C), tight welding heat-input and cooling control to keep phase balance, and lower machinability and cold formability than austenitic grades. 2205 has a density of 7.8 g/cm³ (0.282 lb/in³), heavier than 50% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,385°C (2,525 °F). 2205 has a yield strength of 540 MPa (78.3 ksi) and a tensile strength of 790 MPa (115 ksi) — stronger than 82% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 30% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
What is 2205 used for?
- Offshore platform piping and structures
- Heat exchanger tubes and plates
- Pressure vessels for chemical process
- Desalination plant components
- Pulp and paper digester parts
- Seawater pump and valve bodies
- Storage tank shells
Advantages
- Good corrosion resistance — 80/100, better than 88% of stainless steel grades
- High strength — 540 MPa (78.3 ksi), better than 82% of stainless steel grades
Limitations
- Limited service temperature — 300°C (572 °F), worse than 90% of stainless steel grades
2205 properties
Typical room-temperature values for 2205-Solution Annealed; bars are the position among stainless steel grades.
Physical3
2205 has a density of 7.8 g/cm³ (0.282 lb/in³), heavier than 50% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,385°C (2,525 °F).
Mechanical17
2205 has a yield strength of 540 MPa (78.3 ksi) and a tensile strength of 790 MPa (115 ksi) — stronger than 82% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 30% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
Thermal6
2205 is rated for continuous service to 300°C (572 °F). It conducts heat at 16 W/m·K (9.24 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 58% of stainless steel grades. Thermal expansion is 13 µm/m·K (7.22 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
2205 conducts electricity at 2.2 % IACS, worse than 61% of stainless steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is very good (80/100), better than 88% of stainless steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 2205 takes about 62 MJ of energy and emits 4.6 kg of CO₂ — more than 75% of stainless steel grades. Typical recycled content is 65%.
Manufacturability7
2205's machinability is poor (32/100, worse than 62% of stainless steel grades); weldability very good (78/100); formability good (55/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Strength versus weight in the stainless steel family
Yield strength against density for every stainless steel grade FabDigit runs. 2205 is highlighted; hover a dot for its name, or open the interactive family chart.
Working with 2205
Is 2205 easy to machine?
Machine like a high-strength austenitic but with ~30 % of 1212 speeds: rigid setups, positive-rake coated carbide, heavy constant feed, generous coolant, avoid dwelling to prevent work hardening.
Can 2205 be welded?
GTAW/GMAW/SMAW with over-alloyed 2209 filler and Ar+1–2 % N2 or Ar shielding; keep heat input ~0.5–2.5 kJ/mm and interpass <150 °C, no preheat and no PWHT (solution anneal + quench only if heat treated).
Can 2205 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold form with ~2× the force and springback of 304, generous bend radii (≥2t) and no low-temperature stress relief; hot work 1000–1200 °C with immediate solution anneal and quench.
Manufacturability
The process limits FabDigit's quote engine applies to 2205. Design inside these and the part quotes instantly; outside them it routes to an engineer.
CNC machining
| Machinability | Fair32 / 100 |
|---|---|
| ISO material group | M.2 |
| Cutting speed (rough / finish) | 90 / 110 m/min |
| Minimum wall | 1 mm |
| Minimum internal radius | 1.5 mm |
| Drill depth limit | 3.5× diameter |
| Best surface (machined / polished) | Ra 1.6 / — |
| Hardenable after machining | No |
Sheet metal
| Formability | Better55 / 100 |
|---|---|
| Weldability | Better78 / 100 |
| Bendable | Yes |
2205 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| CS32205/S31803 | ≤ 0.03 | 0.02 |
| Si | ≤ 1 | 0.5 |
| Mn | ≤ 2 | 1.5 |
| P | ≤ 0.03 | |
| S | ≤ 0.02 | |
| CrS31803 allows 21.0–23.0 | 22 – 23 | 22.5 |
| Ni | 4.5 – 6.5 | 5.5 |
| MoS31803 allows 2.5–3.5 | 3 – 3.5 | 3.2 |
| NS31803 allows 0.08–0.20 | 0.14 – 0.2 | 0.17 |
| Fe | balance |
What surface finishes work on 2205?
Pickle and passivate (HNO3-HF) after welding or grinding to restore the passive film; electropolishing and mechanical polishing to Ra <0.5 µm are routine — anodizing is not applicable.
Surface treatments FabDigit runs on stainless steel parts — pick them in the quote configurator or call them out on the drawing. Each links to its datasheet in the surface-finish library (thickness, specs, call-out, material verdicts).
Plating
Organic Coating
CVD Coating
Black / Phosphate
Thermal Spray
Equivalent designations
Standards and trade names that resolve to Stainless Steel 2205 in FabDigit's catalog. Equivalence is nominal — check the exact specification when certification matters.
How much does 2205 cost?
2205 is a specialty-cost stainless steel ($$$$$), pricier than about 59% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
2205 — frequently asked
What is 2205 used for?
2205 is typically used for offshore platform piping and structures, heat exchanger tubes and plates, pressure vessels for chemical process, desalination plant components, pulp and paper digester parts and seawater pump and valve bodies. In short: acid-proof duplex stainless.
What is the yield strength of 2205?
2205 has a typical yield strength of 540 MPa (78.3 ksi) and a tensile strength of 790 MPa (115 ksi) — stronger than 82% of stainless steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 7 listed tempers.
Is 2205 easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated poor (32/100, worse than 62% of stainless steel grades). Machine like a high-strength austenitic but with ~30 % of 1212 speeds: rigid setups, positive-rake coated carbide, heavy constant feed, generous coolant, avoid dwelling to prevent work hardening.
Can 2205 be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated very good (78/100). GTAW/GMAW/SMAW with over-alloyed 2209 filler and Ar+1–2 % N2 or Ar shielding; keep heat input ~0.5–2.5 kJ/mm and interpass <150 °C, no preheat and no PWHT (solution anneal + quench only if heat treated).
What surface finishes work on 2205?
Pickle and passivate (HNO3-HF) after welding or grinding to restore the passive film; electropolishing and mechanical polishing to Ra <0.5 µm are routine — anodizing is not applicable.
Can 2205 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold form with ~2× the force and springback of 304, generous bend radii (≥2t) and no low-temperature stress relief; hot work 1000–1200 °C with immediate solution anneal and quench.
What is the maximum service temperature of 2205?
2205 is rated for continuous use to about 300°C (572 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
How much does 2205 cost?
2205 is a specialty-cost stainless steel ($$$$$), pricier than about 59% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Can FabDigit make parts in 2205?
Yes — 2205 is available for CNC machining and sheet metal with instant online pricing. Upload a STEP file to get a price and a DFM check.
Sources
- ASTM A240/A240M — Cr and Cr-Ni Stainless Plate, Sheet and Strip — ASTM International (2023)
- ASTM A276 / A479 — Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes — ASTM International (2021)
- ASTM A182 — Forged Fittings and Flanges (F51/F60) — ASTM International (2022)
- EN 10088-2 / 10088-3 (1.4462, X2CrNiMoN22-5-3) — CEN (2014)
- GB/T 4237 / GB/T 1220 — (S22253) — SAC (2015)
- Sandvik SAF 2205 / Alleima duplex datasheet — Alleima (Sandvik Materials Technology) (2023)
- Outokumpu Forta DX 2205 datasheet — Outokumpu (2022)
- ATI 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel technical data sheet — ATI (2020)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- Practical Guidelines for the Fabrication of Duplex Stainless Steels — IMOA (2014)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison; hardness values on non-Brinell scales are converted approximately for charting only. Manufacturability limits are FabDigit quote-engine defaults and may be relaxed by engineering review. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.