Steel 20CrMnTi
GB 20CrMnTi
20CrMnTi is a titanium-treated Cr-Mn case-hardening gear steel per GB standards, comparable to SAE 8620, 20MnCr5 and 5120.
Values for the Annealed condition
20CrMnTi tempers and conditions
20CrMnTi is supplied in 8 conditions, soft to hard. Annealed is the default FabDigit quotes; the values on this page are for it.
- Annealed
- Isothermal Annealed
- High-Temp Tempered
- Normalized
- Hot Rolled
- Cold Drawn
- Q&T 200C
- Carburized 58-62 HRC
Compare all 8 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AnnealedDefault softened for machining (≤217 HB) | Standard stock condition for bar and forgings that will be machined then carburized. | 400 | 620 | 22 | 187 HB | — |
930 °C austenitize, hold ~630 °C, air cool | Preferred pre-machining treatment for gear blanks: uniform ferrite–pearlite structure, low hardness scatter and better heat-treat dimensional stability. | 410 | 640 | 22 | 180 HB | 7.8 % IACS |
GB/T 3077 alternative delivery condition (≤217 HB) | Mill delivery softening alternative to annealing when hardness must be capped at 217 HB for machining. | 430 | 650 | 21 | 197 HB | 7.8 % IACS |
~880–920 °C, air cool | Used to refine forging structure and homogenize before final machining/carburizing; harder than annealed. | 480 | 750 | 18 | 217 HB | 7.8 % IACS |
as-rolled bar, no post-rolling heat treatment | Cheapest bar form; hardness and structure vary with section and cooling, normally re-annealed before machining. | 500 | 780 | 16 | 20 HRC | 7.8 % IACS |
cold-finished bar (annealed then drawn) | Choose for tight tolerance, bright small-diameter bar for shafts and pins with reduced machining allowance. | 650 | 780 | 10 | 22 HRC | 7.8 % IACS |
Q&T | The standard-specified property condition; also used for through-hardened small parts needing very high strength. | 930 | 1,180 | 12 | 40 HRC | — |
Carburized, quenched and low-temperature tempered | The service condition for gears, splines and shafts: hard wear-resistant case with tough core and high bending fatigue strength. | 950 | 1,200 | 10 | 60 HRC | — |
What is 20CrMnTi?
20CrMnTi is a titanium-treated Cr-Mn case-hardening gear steel per GB standards, comparable to SAE 8620, 20MnCr5 and 5120. Annealed it is about 187 HB (90 HRB) with 400 MPa yield, 620 MPa tensile and 22 % elongation, and it is carburized to a 58–62 HRC case over a tough core; usual forms are hot-rolled and cold-drawn bar, tube and forging stock. The titanium addition restricts austenite grain growth during carburizing, which keeps distortion and core toughness predictable. It has no corrosion resistance, welds poorly without preheat, and needs grinding allowance after case hardening; for through-hardened parts with no case, 4140 or 8630 is the normal substitute. 20CrMnTi has a density of 7.8 g/cm³ (0.282 lb/in³), lighter than 87% of steel grades. It melts at 1,440°C (2,624 °F). 20CrMnTi has a yield strength of 400 MPa (58 ksi) and a tensile strength of 620 MPa (89.9 ksi) — weaker than 60% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 22% and the elastic modulus is 207 GPa (30 Msi).
What is 20CrMnTi used for?
- Gears
- Industrial drive shafts
- Pins
20CrMnTi properties
Typical room-temperature values for 20CrMnTi-Annealed; bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
20CrMnTi has a density of 7.8 g/cm³ (0.282 lb/in³), lighter than 87% of steel grades. It melts at 1,440°C (2,624 °F).
Mechanical14
20CrMnTi has a yield strength of 400 MPa (58 ksi) and a tensile strength of 620 MPa (89.9 ksi) — weaker than 60% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 22% and the elastic modulus is 207 GPa (30 Msi).
Thermal6
20CrMnTi is rated for continuous service to 350°C (662 °F). It conducts heat at 43 W/m·K (24.8 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 51% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 11.7 µm/m·K (6.5 µin/in·°F).
Electrical2
20CrMnTi has an electrical resistivity of 2.2×10⁻⁷ Ω·m.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is not recommended (12/100), worse than 53% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 20CrMnTi takes about 29 MJ of energy and emits 2.1 kg of CO₂ — less than 53% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 30%.
Manufacturability7
20CrMnTi's machinability is good (58/100, better than 75% of steel grades); weldability fair (40/100); formability good (55/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Strength versus weight in the steel family
Yield strength against density for every steel grade FabDigit runs. 20CrMnTi is highlighted; hover a dot for its name, or open the interactive family chart.
Working with 20CrMnTi
Is 20CrMnTi easy to machine?
Machine in the annealed or isothermally annealed condition (≤217 HB) with carbide tooling; leave grinding stock for post-carburizing distortion, since the 58–62 HRC case can only be finished by grinding or hard turning with CBN.
Can 20CrMnTi be welded?
Poor as-welded weldability due to hardenability — preheat 200–300 °C, use low-hydrogen consumables and post-weld temper; never weld carburized surfaces.
Can 20CrMnTi be formed, bent or molded?
Good hot forgeability at 1150–850 °C and acceptable cold forging/upsetting when spheroidize-annealed; avoid tight cold bends in hot-rolled or cold-drawn bar.
Manufacturability
The process limits FabDigit applies to 20CrMnTi. Every 20CrMnTi part is priced by an engineer; design inside these and the quote comes back without a redesign loop.
CNC machining
| Machinability | Better58 / 100 |
|---|---|
| ISO material group | P.2 |
| Cutting speed (rough / finish) | 180 / 210 m/min |
| Minimum wall | 0.8 mm |
| Minimum internal radius | 1 mm |
| Drill depth limit | 5× diameter |
| Best surface (machined / polished) | Ra 1.6 / — |
| Hardenable after machining | No |
Sheet metal
| Formability | Better55 / 100 |
|---|---|
| Weldability | Better40 / 100 |
20CrMnTi chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| C | 0.17 – 0.23 | 0.2 |
| Si | 0.17 – 0.37 | 0.27 |
| Mn | 0.8 – 1.1 | 0.95 |
| Cr | 1 – 1.3 | 1.15 |
| Tigrain-refining addition | 0.04 – 0.1 | 0.07 |
| P | ≤ 0.03 | |
| S | ≤ 0.03 | |
| Niresidual max | ≤ 0.3 | |
| Curesidual max | ≤ 0.25 | |
| Moresidual max | ≤ 0.15 | |
| Fe | balance |
What surface finishes work on 20CrMnTi?
Not anodizable; protect with oil, phosphating, black oxide, zinc or nickel plating — bake after plating to avoid hydrogen embrittlement of high-hardness cases.
Surface treatments FabDigit runs on steel parts — pick them in the quote configurator or call them out on the drawing. Each links to its datasheet in the surface-finish library (thickness, specs, call-out, material verdicts).
Plating
CVD Coating
Black / Phosphate
Thermal Spray
Equivalent designations
Standards and trade names that resolve to Steel 20CrMnTi in FabDigit's catalog. Equivalence is nominal — check the exact specification when certification matters.
How much does 20CrMnTi cost?
20CrMnTi is a standard-cost steel ($$), cheaper than about 71% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
20CrMnTi — frequently asked
What is 20CrMnTi used for?
20CrMnTi is typically used for gears, industrial drive shafts and pins. In short: carburizing Cr-Mn-Ti bar.
What is the yield strength of 20CrMnTi?
20CrMnTi has a typical yield strength of 400 MPa (58 ksi) and a tensile strength of 620 MPa (89.9 ksi) — weaker than 60% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 8 listed tempers.
Is 20CrMnTi easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated good (58/100, better than 75% of steel grades). Machine in the annealed or isothermally annealed condition (≤217 HB) with carbide tooling; leave grinding stock for post-carburizing distortion, since the 58–62 HRC case can only be finished by grinding or hard turning with CBN.
Can 20CrMnTi be welded?
With care — weldability is rated fair (40/100). Poor as-welded weldability due to hardenability — preheat 200–300 °C, use low-hydrogen consumables and post-weld temper; never weld carburized surfaces.
What surface finishes work on 20CrMnTi?
Not anodizable; protect with oil, phosphating, black oxide, zinc or nickel plating — bake after plating to avoid hydrogen embrittlement of high-hardness cases.
Can 20CrMnTi be formed, bent or molded?
Good hot forgeability at 1150–850 °C and acceptable cold forging/upsetting when spheroidize-annealed; avoid tight cold bends in hot-rolled or cold-drawn bar.
What is the maximum service temperature of 20CrMnTi?
20CrMnTi is rated for continuous use to about 350°C (662 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
How much does 20CrMnTi cost?
20CrMnTi is a standard-cost steel ($$), cheaper than about 71% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Can FabDigit make parts in 20CrMnTi?
Yes — 20CrMnTi is available for CNC machining and sheet metal; every part is priced by an engineer rather than instantly. Upload a STEP file to get a price and a DFM check.
Sources
- GB/T 3077 Alloy structural steels (2015)
- GB/T 699 / GB/T 702 bar dimensions & delivery conditions — SAC (2016)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1: Properties and Selection — Irons, Steels — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol.19: Fatigue and Fracture (carburized steels) — ASM International (1996)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison; hardness values on non-Brinell scales are converted approximately for charting only. Manufacturability limits are FabDigit quote-engine defaults and may be relaxed by engineering review. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.