Steel 20CrMnTi · temper · default condition
Steel 20CrMnTi Annealed
Properties of the Annealed condition, compared with the other 20CrMnTi tempers.
Standard stock condition for bar and forgings that will be machined then carburized.
What is 20CrMnTi Annealed?
20CrMnTi Annealed is 20CrMnTi in the Annealed temper — standard stock condition for bar and forgings that will be machined then carburized. 20CrMnTi Annealed has a yield strength of 400 MPa (58 ksi) and a tensile strength of 620 MPa (89.9 ksi) — weaker than 60% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 22% and the elastic modulus is 207 GPa (30 Msi). 20CrMnTi Annealed has a density of 7.8 g/cm³ (0.282 lb/in³), lighter than 87% of steel grades. It melts at 1,440°C (2,624 °F).
20CrMnTi Annealed properties
Typical room-temperature values for 20CrMnTi Annealed — 11 properties are specific to this condition; the rest are grade-level values shared by every 20CrMnTi temper. Each bar shows where the value sits among the steel grades in FabDigit's library — further right is higher.
Physical3
20CrMnTi Annealed has a density of 7.8 g/cm³ (0.282 lb/in³), lighter than 87% of steel grades. It melts at 1,440°C (2,624 °F).
Mechanical14
20CrMnTi Annealed has a yield strength of 400 MPa (58 ksi) and a tensile strength of 620 MPa (89.9 ksi) — weaker than 60% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 22% and the elastic modulus is 207 GPa (30 Msi).
Thermal6
20CrMnTi Annealed is rated for continuous service to 350°C (662 °F). It conducts heat at 43 W/m·K (24.8 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 51% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 11.7 µm/m·K (6.5 µin/in·°F).
Electrical2
20CrMnTi Annealed has an electrical resistivity of 2.2×10⁻⁷ Ω·m.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is not recommended (12/100), worse than 53% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 20CrMnTi Annealed takes about 29 MJ of energy and emits 2.1 kg of CO₂ — less than 53% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 30%.
Manufacturability7
20CrMnTi Annealed's machinability is good (58/100, better than 75% of steel grades); weldability fair (40/100); formability good (55/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Other 20CrMnTi tempers and conditions
20CrMnTi is also supplied in 7 other conditions. The full side-by-side table is on the 20CrMnTi overview.
- AnnealedDefaultStandard stock condition for bar and forgings that will be machined then carburized.400 MPa yield · 187 HB
- Carburized 58-62 HRCThe service condition for gears, splines and shafts: hard wear-resistant case with tough core and high bending fatigue strength.950 MPa yield · 60 HRC
- Q&T 200CThe standard-specified property condition; also used for through-hardened small parts needing very high strength.930 MPa yield · 40 HRC
- NormalizedUsed to refine forging structure and homogenize before final machining/carburizing; harder than annealed.480 MPa yield · 217 HB
Working with 20CrMnTi Annealed
Is 20CrMnTi easy to machine?
Machine in the annealed or isothermally annealed condition (≤217 HB) with carbide tooling; leave grinding stock for post-carburizing distortion, since the 58–62 HRC case can only be finished by grinding or hard turning with CBN.
Can 20CrMnTi be welded?
Poor as-welded weldability due to hardenability — preheat 200–300 °C, use low-hydrogen consumables and post-weld temper; never weld carburized surfaces.
Can 20CrMnTi be formed, bent or molded?
Good hot forgeability at 1150–850 °C and acceptable cold forging/upsetting when spheroidize-annealed; avoid tight cold bends in hot-rolled or cold-drawn bar.
What surface finishes work on 20CrMnTi?
Not anodizable; protect with oil, phosphating, black oxide, zinc or nickel plating — bake after plating to avoid hydrogen embrittlement of high-hardness cases.
20CrMnTi chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| C | 0.17 – 0.23 | 0.2 |
| Si | 0.17 – 0.37 | 0.27 |
| Mn | 0.8 – 1.1 | 0.95 |
| Cr | 1 – 1.3 | 1.15 |
| Tigrain-refining addition | 0.04 – 0.1 | 0.07 |
| P | ≤ 0.03 | — |
| S | ≤ 0.03 | — |
| Niresidual max | ≤ 0.3 | — |
| Curesidual max | ≤ 0.25 | — |
| Moresidual max | ≤ 0.15 | — |
| Fe | balance | — |
20CrMnTi Annealed — frequently asked
What is 20CrMnTi Annealed used for?
20CrMnTi Annealed is typically used for gears, industrial drive shafts and pins. In short: carburizing Cr-Mn-Ti bar.
What is the yield strength of 20CrMnTi Annealed?
20CrMnTi Annealed has a typical yield strength of 400 MPa (58 ksi) and a tensile strength of 620 MPa (89.9 ksi) — weaker than 60% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 8 listed tempers.
Is 20CrMnTi Annealed easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated good (58/100, better than 75% of steel grades). Machine in the annealed or isothermally annealed condition (≤217 HB) with carbide tooling; leave grinding stock for post-carburizing distortion, since the 58–62 HRC case can only be finished by grinding or hard turning with CBN.
Can 20CrMnTi Annealed be welded?
With care — weldability is rated fair (40/100). Poor as-welded weldability due to hardenability — preheat 200–300 °C, use low-hydrogen consumables and post-weld temper; never weld carburized surfaces.
What surface finishes work on 20CrMnTi Annealed?
Not anodizable; protect with oil, phosphating, black oxide, zinc or nickel plating — bake after plating to avoid hydrogen embrittlement of high-hardness cases.
Can 20CrMnTi Annealed be formed, bent or molded?
Good hot forgeability at 1150–850 °C and acceptable cold forging/upsetting when spheroidize-annealed; avoid tight cold bends in hot-rolled or cold-drawn bar.
What is the maximum service temperature of 20CrMnTi Annealed?
20CrMnTi Annealed is rated for continuous use to about 350°C (662 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
Can FabDigit make parts in 20CrMnTi Annealed?
Yes — 20CrMnTi Annealed is available for CNC machining and sheet metal with instant online pricing. Upload a STEP file to get a price and a DFM check.
Sources
- GB/T 3077 Alloy structural steels (2015)
- GB/T 699 / GB/T 702 bar dimensions & delivery conditions — SAC (2016)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1: Properties and Selection — Irons, Steels — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol.19: Fatigue and Fracture (carburized steels) — ASM International (1996)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.