Steel S235JR-N (Normalized)
Heat-treated state
EN S235JR · JIS SS330, SS400 · GB Q195, Q235B
Pick when a fine, uniform grain and more consistent toughness are needed on thicker plate or after heavy forming.
Values for the N condition
Other S235JR tempers and conditions
S235JR is listed in 4 conditions; see the grade overview at S235JR.
Compare all 4 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NThis page Normalized | Pick when a fine, uniform grain and more consistent toughness are needed on thicker plate or after heavy forming. | 255 | 410 | 28 | 115 HB | 11 % IACS |
HRDefault Hot rolled | Default stock condition for plate, sections, merchant bar and hot-rolled coil in welded structures. | 260 | 420 | 26 | 120 HB | 11 % IACS |
Cold rolled | Choose for thin sheet needing tight thickness tolerance, a clean bright surface and press-formed parts. | 290 | 400 | 22 | 130 HB | 11 % IACS |
Cold drawn | Use for turned/shafting parts and machined components where straightness, size tolerance (h9/h11) and a higher yield are wanted. | 340 | 450 | 14 | 150 HB | 11 % IACS |
What is S235JR-N?
S235JR-N is S235JR heat treated to N — pick when a fine, uniform grain and more consistent toughness are needed on thicker plate or after heavy forming. S235JR-N has a yield strength of 255 MPa (37 ksi) and a tensile strength of 410 MPa (59.5 ksi) — weaker than 93% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 28% and the elastic modulus is 210 GPa (30.5 Msi). S235JR-N has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,425°C (2,597 °F). HR is the default condition FabDigit quotes; N is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- Readily welded — 96/100, better than 100% of steel grades
- Conducts heat well — 52 W/m·K (30 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 98% of steel grades
- High electrical conductivity — 11 % IACS, better than 98% of steel grades
- Forms and bends easily — 88/100, better than 98% of steel grades
- Easy to machine — 64/100, better than 92% of steel grades
Limitations
- Low strength — 255 MPa (37 ksi), worse than 93% of steel grades
S235JR-N properties
Typical room-temperature values for S235JR-N; 22 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are S235JR reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
S235JR-N has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,425°C (2,597 °F).
Mechanical16
S235JR-N has a yield strength of 255 MPa (37 ksi) and a tensile strength of 410 MPa (59.5 ksi) — weaker than 93% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 28% and the elastic modulus is 210 GPa (30.5 Msi).
Thermal6
S235JR-N is rated for continuous service to 400°C (752 °F). It conducts heat at 52 W/m·K (30 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 98% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 12 µm/m·K (6.67 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
S235JR-N conducts electricity at 11 % IACS, better than 98% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is not recommended (10/100), worse than 86% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of S235JR-N takes about 25 MJ of energy and emits 2 kg of CO₂ — less than 82% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 30%.
Manufacturability7
S235JR-N's machinability is good (64/100, better than 92% of steel grades); weldability excellent (96/100); formability excellent (88/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with S235JR-N
Is S235JR easy to machine?
Cuts easily but is gummy in the hot-rolled state — use positive rake, sharp coated carbide, high feed and coolant to avoid built-up edge; cold-drawn bar machines noticeably cleaner.
Can S235JR be welded?
Excellent weldability by SMAW/GMAW/FCAW/SAW with E70xx-class consumables; CEV ≈0.35 so no preheat is normally needed below ~30 mm, keep hydrogen low and mill scale ground off.
Can S235JR be formed, bent or molded?
Very good cold formability — bends to 1–2 t inner radius, deep-draws in CR sheet; hot forming 850–1050 °C, avoid working in the 250–400 °C blue-brittle band.
What surface finishes work on S235JR?
Must be coated: blast to Sa 2½ then prime/paint, hot-dip galvanize (Si/P kept low for good coating), zinc-plate or phosphate-and-oil; bare surfaces flash-rust within hours.
S235JR chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| C≤0.17 % for t ≤40 mm (long products ≤0.19 %), EN 10025-2 | ≤ 0.17 | 0.14 |
| Mn | ≤ 1.4 | 0.55 |
| Sinot specified by EN 10025-2; typical mill value | ≈ 0.15 | 0.15 |
| P | ≤ 0.04 | 0.02 |
| S | ≤ 0.04 | 0.02 |
| Nmay be exceeded if sufficient N-binding elements present | ≤ 0.01 | 0.01 |
| Cu | ≤ 0.55 | 0.15 |
| Fe | balance | — |
S235JR-N — frequently asked
What is S235JR-N used for?
S235JR-N is typically used for building frames, bridge components, machine bases and weldments, base plates and gussets, laser-cut sheet metal enclosures and brackets and mounting plates. In short: workhorse mild-steel plate.
What is the yield strength of S235JR-N?
S235JR-N has a typical yield strength of 255 MPa (37 ksi) and a tensile strength of 410 MPa (59.5 ksi) — weaker than 93% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 4 listed tempers.
Is S235JR-N easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated good (64/100, better than 92% of steel grades). Cuts easily but is gummy in the hot-rolled state — use positive rake, sharp coated carbide, high feed and coolant to avoid built-up edge; cold-drawn bar machines noticeably cleaner.
Can S235JR-N be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated excellent (96/100). Excellent weldability by SMAW/GMAW/FCAW/SAW with E70xx-class consumables; CEV ≈0.35 so no preheat is normally needed below ~30 mm, keep hydrogen low and mill scale ground off.
What surface finishes work on S235JR-N?
Must be coated: blast to Sa 2½ then prime/paint, hot-dip galvanize (Si/P kept low for good coating), zinc-plate or phosphate-and-oil; bare surfaces flash-rust within hours.
Can S235JR-N be formed, bent or molded?
Very good cold formability — bends to 1–2 t inner radius, deep-draws in CR sheet; hot forming 850–1050 °C, avoid working in the 250–400 °C blue-brittle band.
What is the maximum service temperature of S235JR-N?
S235JR-N is rated for continuous use to about 400°C (752 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between S235JR-HR and S235JR-CD?
HR is the default condition — default stock condition for plate, sections, merchant bar and hot-rolled coil in welded structures. CD: use for turned/shafting parts and machined components where straightness, size tolerance (h9/h11) and a higher yield are wanted. Yield strength is 260 MPa in HR versus 340 MPa in CD.
Can FabDigit make parts in S235JR-N?
Yes — S235JR-N is available for CNC machining and sheet metal with instant online pricing. Upload a STEP file to get a price and a DFM check.
Sources
- EN 10025-2 Hot rolled products of structural steels — Part 2: Non-alloy structural steels — CEN (2019)
- GB/T 700 Carbon structural steels (Q195/Q235) — SAC (2006)
- EN 10346 Continuously hot-dip coated steel flat products — CEN (2015)
- EN 10277 Bright steel products — technical delivery conditions — CEN (2018)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels — ASM International (1990)
- EN 1993-1-1 Eurocode 3 — Design of steel structures — CEN (2005)
- Mysteel hot-rolled plate price index — Mysteel (2025)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.