Steel A992 Normalized
Heat-treated state
ASTM A992
Ordered for heavy jumbo shapes or when guaranteed low-temperature Charpy values and a uniform fine grain through the flange are required.
Values for the Normalized condition
Other A992 tempers and conditions
A992 is listed in 3 conditions; see the grade overview at A992.
Compare all 3 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NormalizedThis page supplementary heat treatment (A6 S-requirements, heavy shapes/CVN) | Ordered for heavy jumbo shapes or when guaranteed low-temperature Charpy values and a uniform fine grain through the flange are required. | 365 | 490 | 27 | 145 HB | 10 % IACS |
HRDefault Hot rolled | Standard stock condition for A992 wide-flange shapes and structural bars — pick unless a coating or cold-formed section is required. | 380 | 500 | 25 | 150 HB | — |
Cold rolled | Choose when tighter dimensional tolerance, a smooth scale-free surface or extra strength from cold work is needed; ductility and toughness drop. | 460 | 560 | 16 | 170 HB | — |
What is A992 Normalized?
A992 Normalized is A992 heat treated to Normalized — ordered for heavy jumbo shapes or when guaranteed low-temperature Charpy values and a uniform fine grain through the flange are required. A992 Normalized has a yield strength of 365 MPa (52.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 490 MPa (71.1 ksi) — weaker than 71% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 27% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi). A992 Normalized has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,425°C (2,597 °F). HR is the default condition FabDigit quotes; Normalized is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- Low embodied carbon — 1.2 kg CO₂/kg, better than 100% of steel grades
- Readily welded — 93/100, better than 95% of steel grades
- Conducts heat well — 51 W/m·K (29.5 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 92% of steel grades
- Easy to machine — 64/100, better than 92% of steel grades
- Tough — resists crack growth — 130 MPa·√m (118.3 ksi·√in), better than 89% of steel grades
Limitations
- Hard to polish — 40/100, worse than 96% of steel grades
A992 Normalized properties
Typical room-temperature values for A992 Normalized; 23 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are A992 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
A992 Normalized has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,425°C (2,597 °F).
Mechanical15
A992 Normalized has a yield strength of 365 MPa (52.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 490 MPa (71.1 ksi) — weaker than 71% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 27% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
Thermal6
A992 Normalized is rated for continuous service to 425°C (797 °F). It conducts heat at 51 W/m·K (29.5 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 92% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 11.7 µm/m·K (6.5 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
A992 Normalized conducts electricity at 10 % IACS, better than 83% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is not recommended (10/100), worse than 86% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of A992 Normalized takes about 21 MJ of energy and emits 1.2 kg of CO₂ — less than 99% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 93%.
Manufacturability7
A992 Normalized's machinability is good (64/100, better than 92% of steel grades); weldability excellent (93/100); formability very good (70/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with A992 Normalized
Is A992 easy to machine?
Machines like 1020/HSLA steel — free-cutting it is not; use sharp positive-rake carbide, moderate speeds and good chip control on drilled/coped connections.
Can A992 be welded?
Excellent: CE ≤0.47 makes it AWS D1.1 prequalified with E70XX/ER70S consumables, usually no preheat below ~40 mm thickness (preheat heavy jumbo shapes).
Can A992 be formed, bent or molded?
Hot-rolled shapes bend and cambers well hot or cold; keep cold bend radii ≥ 3t and avoid cold working across the k-area of W-shapes.
What surface finishes work on A992?
Requires protection — hot-dip galvanizing per A123, metallizing, or shop primer/epoxy; blast to SSPC-SP6 to remove mill scale before painting.
A992 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Cheat analysis max | ≤ 0.23 | 0.08 |
| Mn | 0.5 – 1.6 | 1.1 |
| Si | ≤ 0.4 | 0.2 |
| P | ≤ 0.04 | 0.02 |
| S | ≤ 0.05 | 0.03 |
| Curesidual from scrap | ≤ 0.6 | 0.25 |
| Ni | ≤ 0.45 | 0.1 |
| Cr | ≤ 0.35 | 0.12 |
| Mo | ≤ 0.15 | 0.03 |
| VV + Nb ≤ 0.15 % | ≤ 0.15 | 0.03 |
| Nbcolumbium | ≤ 0.05 | 0.02 |
| Fecarbon equivalent ≤ 0.47 % (0.45 % for lighter shapes); yield/tensile ratio ≤ 0.85 | balance | — |
A992 Normalized — frequently asked
What is A992 Normalized used for?
A992 Normalized is typically used for building I-beams and wide-flange columns, high-rise moment-frame framing, bridge stringers and bearing supports, heavy platform and mezzanine framing, crane runway support beams and braced-frame members and connection stubs. In short: heavy bridge structural.
What is the yield strength of A992 Normalized?
A992 Normalized has a typical yield strength of 365 MPa (52.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 490 MPa (71.1 ksi) — weaker than 71% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 3 listed tempers.
Is A992 Normalized easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated good (64/100, better than 92% of steel grades). Machines like 1020/HSLA steel — free-cutting it is not; use sharp positive-rake carbide, moderate speeds and good chip control on drilled/coped connections.
Can A992 Normalized be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated excellent (93/100). Excellent: CE ≤0.47 makes it AWS D1.1 prequalified with E70XX/ER70S consumables, usually no preheat below ~40 mm thickness (preheat heavy jumbo shapes).
What surface finishes work on A992 Normalized?
Requires protection — hot-dip galvanizing per A123, metallizing, or shop primer/epoxy; blast to SSPC-SP6 to remove mill scale before painting.
Can A992 Normalized be formed, bent or molded?
Hot-rolled shapes bend and cambers well hot or cold; keep cold bend radii ≥ 3t and avoid cold working across the k-area of W-shapes.
What is the maximum service temperature of A992 Normalized?
A992 Normalized is rated for continuous use to about 425°C (797 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between A992-HR and A992-CR?
HR is the default condition — standard stock condition for A992 wide-flange shapes and structural bars — pick unless a coating or cold-formed section is required. CR: choose when tighter dimensional tolerance, a smooth scale-free surface or extra strength from cold work is needed; ductility and toughness drop. Yield strength is 380 MPa in HR versus 460 MPa in CR.
Can FabDigit make parts in A992 Normalized?
Yes — A992 Normalized is available for CNC machining and sheet metal; every part is priced by an engineer rather than instantly. Upload a STEP file to get a price and a DFM check.
Sources
- ASTM A992/A992M — Standard Specification for Structural Steel Shapes — ASTM International (2022)
- ASTM A6/A6M — General Requirements for Rolled Structural Steel Bars, Plates, Shapes and Sheet Piling — ASTM International (2019)
- Steel Construction Manual, 16th ed. — AISC (2023)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- Industry-Wide EPD for Fabricated Hot-Rolled Structural Sections — AISC (2021)
- GB/T 1591 (Q355B comparison grade) — SAC (2018)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.