Steel 33CrMoV12-9
EN 33CrMoV12-9
A high chromium-molybdenum-vanadium steel with good elevated-temperature strength and hardenability, used where components must retain properties and resist wear at moderately high service temperatures.
Reference datasheet — 33CrMoV12-9 is not in the instant-quote catalog. Upload your part and an engineer will quote it in this grade or suggest the closest stocked equivalent.
Values for the +QT condition
33CrMoV12-9 tempers and conditions
33CrMoV12-9 is supplied in 5 conditions, soft to hard. +QT is the default FabDigit quotes; the values on this page are for it.
Compare all 5 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Spheroidize annealed | Choose for rough machining, deep-hole drilling or cold work before final quench-and-temper and nitriding. | 500 | 780 | 18 | 230 HB | — |
Hot rolled | Mill delivery condition for stock that will be fully re-heat-treated by the customer; hard and not suited to direct machining. | 600 | 950 | 12 | 31 HRC | 5.8 % IACS |
+QT | Same treatment on large forged bars/shafts, where mass effect lowers the guaranteed strength band. | 950 | 1,180 | 12 | 37 HRC | — |
+QTDefault Quenched and tempered | Standard supply and service condition: high core strength and toughness with tempering above the intended nitriding temperature. | 1,050 | 1,300 | 11 | 41 HRC | — |
+QT + gas nitrided | Final functional condition for wear surfaces: very hard nitrided case on a tough Q&T core, with high compressive residual stress boosting fatigue life. | 1,050 | 1,300 | 10 | 67 HRC | — |
What is 33CrMoV12-9?
A high chromium-molybdenum-vanadium steel with good elevated-temperature strength and hardenability, used where components must retain properties and resist wear at moderately high service temperatures. 33CrMoV12-9 has a density of 7.8 g/cm³ (0.282 lb/in³), lighter than 87% of steel grades. It melts at 1,420°C (2,588 °F). 33CrMoV12-9 has a yield strength of 1,050 MPa (152 ksi) and a tensile strength of 1,300 MPa (189 ksi) — stronger than 93% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 11% and the elastic modulus is 210 GPa (30.5 Msi).
What is 33CrMoV12-9 used for?
- High-temperature bearings
- Aircraft engine components
- Turbine shafts
- High-strength fasteners
Advantages
- High strength — 1,050 MPa (152 ksi), better than 93% of steel grades
- High service temperature — 500°C (932 °F), better than 90% of steel grades
- Polishes to a fine finish — 65/100, better than 78% of steel grades
Limitations
- Difficult to machine — 28/100, worse than 91% of steel grades
- Limited ductility — 11%, worse than 89% of steel grades
- Limited formability — 15/100, worse than 87% of steel grades
- Difficult to weld — 20/100, worse than 84% of steel grades
- Low electrical conductivity — 5.5 % IACS, worse than 81% of steel grades
33CrMoV12-9 properties
Typical room-temperature values for 33CrMoV12-9-+QT; bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
33CrMoV12-9 has a density of 7.8 g/cm³ (0.282 lb/in³), lighter than 87% of steel grades. It melts at 1,420°C (2,588 °F).
Mechanical16
33CrMoV12-9 has a yield strength of 1,050 MPa (152 ksi) and a tensile strength of 1,300 MPa (189 ksi) — stronger than 93% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 11% and the elastic modulus is 210 GPa (30.5 Msi).
Thermal6
33CrMoV12-9 is rated for continuous service to 500°C (932 °F). It conducts heat at 34 W/m·K (19.6 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 77% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 12 µm/m·K (6.67 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
33CrMoV12-9 conducts electricity at 5.5 % IACS, worse than 81% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is poor (16/100), better than 79% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 33CrMoV12-9 takes about 33 MJ of energy and emits 2.4 kg of CO₂ — more than 76% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 35%.
Manufacturability8
33CrMoV12-9's machinability is poor (28/100, worse than 91% of steel grades); weldability poor (20/100); formability poor (15/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Strength versus weight in the steel family
Yield strength against density for every steel grade FabDigit runs. 33CrMoV12-9 is highlighted; hover a dot for its name, or open the interactive family chart.
Working with 33CrMoV12-9
Is 33CrMoV12-9 easy to machine?
Rough machine in the +AC soft-annealed state; in +QT (≈40 HRC) use coated carbide, rigid setups and low feeds, and leave only grinding stock after nitriding.
Can 33CrMoV12-9 be welded?
Essentially not a weldable structural grade — if repair welding is unavoidable, preheat 300–400 °C, use matching low-hydrogen filler and re-temper below the last tempering temperature.
Can 33CrMoV12-9 be formed, bent or molded?
Hot forge 1100–850 °C with slow cooling, then soft anneal; cold forming is impractical except in the annealed condition at low strain.
33CrMoV12-9 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| C | 0.29 – 0.36 | 0.33 |
| Si | ≤ 0.4 | 0.25 |
| Mn | 0.4 – 0.7 | 0.55 |
| Pimpurity | ≤ 0.03 | |
| Simpurity; low-S variants for cleanliness | ≤ 0.04 | |
| Cr | 2.8 – 3.3 | 3.05 |
| Mo | 0.7 – 1.2 | 0.95 |
| V | 0.15 – 0.25 | 0.2 |
| Fe | balance |
What surface finishes work on 33CrMoV12-9?
Gas or plasma nitride at 480–530 °C (always below the tempering temperature) for 800–1000 HV cases; otherwise oil, phosphate, black-oxide or hard chrome since the steel is not stainless.
Surface treatments FabDigit runs on steel parts — pick them in the quote configurator or call them out on the drawing. Each links to its datasheet in the surface-finish library (thickness, specs, call-out, material verdicts).
Organic Coating
Black / Phosphate
Thermal Spray
Equivalent designations
Standards and trade names that resolve to Steel 33CrMoV12-9 in FabDigit's catalog. Equivalence is nominal — check the exact specification when certification matters.
- EN / DIN / Werkstoff-Nr.
- 1.8522
How much does 33CrMoV12-9 cost?
33CrMoV12-9 is a premium-cost steel ($$$), cheaper than about 51% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
33CrMoV12-9 — frequently asked
What is 33CrMoV12-9 used for?
33CrMoV12-9 is typically used for high-temperature bearings, aircraft engine components, turbine shafts and high-strength fasteners. In short: hot-strength nitriding steel; hardenable to 41 HRC; effectively non-weldable.
What is the yield strength of 33CrMoV12-9?
33CrMoV12-9 has a typical yield strength of 1,050 MPa (152 ksi) and a tensile strength of 1,300 MPa (189 ksi) — stronger than 93% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 5 listed tempers.
Is 33CrMoV12-9 easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated poor (28/100, worse than 91% of steel grades). Rough machine in the +AC soft-annealed state; in +QT (≈40 HRC) use coated carbide, rigid setups and low feeds, and leave only grinding stock after nitriding.
Can 33CrMoV12-9 be welded?
Not readily — weldability is rated poor (20/100). Essentially not a weldable structural grade — if repair welding is unavoidable, preheat 300–400 °C, use matching low-hydrogen filler and re-temper below the last tempering temperature.
What surface finishes work on 33CrMoV12-9?
Gas or plasma nitride at 480–530 °C (always below the tempering temperature) for 800–1000 HV cases; otherwise oil, phosphate, black-oxide or hard chrome since the steel is not stainless.
Can 33CrMoV12-9 be formed, bent or molded?
Hot forge 1100–850 °C with slow cooling, then soft anneal; cold forming is impractical except in the annealed condition at low strain.
What is the maximum service temperature of 33CrMoV12-9?
33CrMoV12-9 is rated for continuous use to about 500°C (932 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
How much does 33CrMoV12-9 cost?
33CrMoV12-9 is a premium-cost steel ($$$), cheaper than about 51% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Sources
- EN 10085 — Nitriding steels: technical delivery conditions — CEN (2001)
- EN 10250-3 — Open die steel forgings, alloy special steels — CEN (1999)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol.4A — Steel Heat Treating Fundamentals (nitriding) — ASM International (2013)
- Nitriding steel 1.8522 / 33CrMoV12-9 bar and forging datasheets — European special steel producers (2022)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison; hardness values on non-Brinell scales are converted approximately for charting only. Manufacturability limits are FabDigit quote-engine defaults and may be relaxed by engineering review. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.