Stainless Steel 405 · temper · default condition
Stainless Steel 405 Annealed
Properties of the Annealed condition, compared with the other 405 tempers.
Standard stocked condition for plate, sheet and bar; maximum ductility and best weld/formability.
What is 405 Annealed?
405 Annealed is 405 in the Annealed temper — standard stocked condition for plate, sheet and bar; maximum ductility and best weld/formability. 405 Annealed has a yield strength of 280 MPa (40.6 ksi) and a tensile strength of 480 MPa (69.6 ksi) — weaker than 75% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 28% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi). 405 Annealed has a density of 7.75 g/cm³ (0.28 lb/in³), lighter than 66% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,480°C (2,696 °F).
Advantages
- Conducts heat well — 27 W/m·K (15.6 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 97% of stainless steel grades
- Easy to machine — 55/100, better than 95% of stainless steel grades
- High electrical conductivity — 2.9 % IACS, better than 87% of stainless steel grades
- Low embodied carbon — 3.6 kg CO₂/kg, better than 83% of stainless steel grades
Limitations
- Needs corrosion protection — 45/100, worse than 85% of stainless steel grades
- Hard to polish — 60/100, worse than 80% of stainless steel grades
- Low strength — 280 MPa (40.6 ksi), worse than 75% of stainless steel grades
405 Annealed properties
Typical room-temperature values for 405 Annealed — 11 properties are specific to this condition; the rest are grade-level values shared by every 405 temper. Each bar shows where the value sits among the stainless steel grades in FabDigit's library — further right is higher.
Physical3
405 Annealed has a density of 7.75 g/cm³ (0.28 lb/in³), lighter than 66% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,480°C (2,696 °F).
Mechanical13
405 Annealed has a yield strength of 280 MPa (40.6 ksi) and a tensile strength of 480 MPa (69.6 ksi) — weaker than 75% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 28% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
Thermal6
405 Annealed is rated for continuous service to 705°C (1,301 °F). It conducts heat at 27 W/m·K (15.6 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 97% of stainless steel grades. Thermal expansion is 10.8 µm/m·K (6 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
405 Annealed conducts electricity at 2.9 % IACS, better than 87% of stainless steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is fair (45/100), worse than 85% of stainless steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 405 Annealed takes about 50 MJ of energy and emits 3.6 kg of CO₂ — less than 81% of stainless steel grades. Typical recycled content is 65%.
Manufacturability8
405 Annealed's machinability is good (55/100, better than 95% of stainless steel grades); weldability very good (70/100); formability good (60/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Other 405 tempers and conditions
405 is also supplied in 3 other conditions. The full side-by-side table is on the 405 overview.
- AnnealedDefaultStandard stocked condition for plate, sheet and bar; maximum ductility and best weld/formability.280 MPa yield · 155 HB
Working with 405 Annealed
Is 405 easy to machine?
Machines like annealed 410 at roughly 60% of 1212 — use rigid setups, positive-rake sharp tooling and generous coolant to avoid the gummy, work-hardening surface.
Can 405 be welded?
Weldable by GTAW/GMAW/SMAW without hardened martensite in the HAZ; use 405Cb, 309L or 430 filler, low heat input and preheat 150–200 °C on heavy sections to limit grain coarsening embrittlement.
Can 405 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold forms and roll-bends adequately in the annealed condition but has less stretch than austenitics; keep bend radii ≥1.5t and avoid severe deep drawing.
What surface finishes work on 405?
Passivate in nitric acid after pickling; takes a fair mechanical polish, but for long outdoor life it is usually painted or aluminized rather than left bare.
405 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| CASTM A240 max | ≤ 0.08 | 0.05 |
| Mn | ≤ 1 | 0.5 |
| Si | ≤ 1 | 0.5 |
| P | ≤ 0.04 | — |
| S | ≤ 0.03 | — |
| Cr | 11.5 – 14.5 | 13 |
| Alferrite stabiliser — suppresses hardening on cooling | 0.1 – 0.3 | 0.2 |
| NiASTM A240 limit | ≤ 0.6 | 0.3 |
| Fe | balance | — |
405 Annealed — frequently asked
What is 405 Annealed used for?
405 Annealed is typically used for pressure-vessel cladding and linings, heat treatment fixtures, annealing boxes, furnace and heater internals, quenching racks and trays and refinery tower linings. In short: welding-grade ferritic stainless.
What is the yield strength of 405 Annealed?
405 Annealed has a typical yield strength of 280 MPa (40.6 ksi) and a tensile strength of 480 MPa (69.6 ksi) — weaker than 75% of stainless steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 4 listed tempers.
Is 405 Annealed easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated good (55/100, better than 95% of stainless steel grades). Machines like annealed 410 at roughly 60% of 1212 — use rigid setups, positive-rake sharp tooling and generous coolant to avoid the gummy, work-hardening surface.
Can 405 Annealed be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated very good (70/100). Weldable by GTAW/GMAW/SMAW without hardened martensite in the HAZ; use 405Cb, 309L or 430 filler, low heat input and preheat 150–200 °C on heavy sections to limit grain coarsening embrittlement.
What surface finishes work on 405 Annealed?
Passivate in nitric acid after pickling; takes a fair mechanical polish, but for long outdoor life it is usually painted or aluminized rather than left bare.
Can 405 Annealed be formed, bent or molded?
Cold forms and roll-bends adequately in the annealed condition but has less stretch than austenitics; keep bend radii ≥1.5t and avoid severe deep drawing.
What is the maximum service temperature of 405 Annealed?
405 Annealed is rated for continuous use to about 705°C (1,301 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 405 Annealed and 405 HRAP?
Annealed is the default condition — standard stocked condition for plate, sheet and bar; maximum ductility and best weld/formability. HRAP: usual delivery condition for 405 plate used in refinery tower linings and heat-treatment fixtures. Yield strength is 280 MPa in Annealed versus 270 MPa in HRAP.
Can FabDigit make parts in 405 Annealed?
Yes — 405 Annealed is available for CNC machining and sheet metal with instant online pricing. Upload a STEP file to get a price and a DFM check.
Sources
- ASTM A240/A240M — Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet and Strip — ASTM International (2023)
- EN 10088-2 (1.4002, X6CrAl13) — CEN (2014)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol.13B — Corrosion: Materials — ASM International (2005)
- Type 405 Stainless Steel Product Data Sheet — AK Steel / Cleveland-Cliffs (2018)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.