Aluminum 2017
AA 2017 · UNS A92017 · EN AW-2017, 3.1325 · GB 2A11, LY11 · also Avional, Duralumin
2017 is one of the earliest heat-treatable Al-Cu-Mg "duralumin" alloys, with about 4% copper, reaching roughly 425 MPa tensile strength after solution treatment and natural aging (T4) together with good machinability.
2017 tempers and conditions
2017 is supplied in 8 conditions, soft to hard.
Compare all 8 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Annealed | Pick for maximum cold formability, deep drawing or heavy machining before solution heat treatment. | 70 | 179 | 22 | 45 HB | 50 % IACS |
Solution heat treated by the user from O or F and naturally aged | Formed in the soft condition then re-solutionized and naturally aged by the fabricator; guaranteed properties are slightly below mill T4. | 240 | 400 | 20 | 98 HB | 34 % IACS |
Extruded, solution treated, stress-relieved by stretching, no further… | Extruded rod/bar/profile stress-relieved by stretching only — use where straightness after machining matters and minor stretch marks are acceptable. | 255 | 400 | 16 | 100 HB | 34 % IACS |
Extruded, solution treated, stretched and minor-straightened, naturally… | Same as T4510 but with permitted minor straightening — the usual condition for long, straight extruded bar stock. | 255 | 400 | 16 | 100 HB | 34 % IACS |
T4, stress relieved by stretching | Choose for plate and rolled/cold-finished bar that must stay flat and dimensionally stable after heavy machining. | 270 | 425 | 20 | 103 HB | 34 % IACS |
T3, stress relieved by stretching | Plate/bar temper: solution treated, stretched 1.5–3 % for residual-stress relief, then naturally aged — stable for machined parts and tooling plate. | 275 | 425 | 20 | 103 HB | 34 % IACS |
Solution heat treated and naturally aged | The standard stocked condition: near-peak natural-aged strength with 20%+ ductility, used for rivets, bolts, shafts and machined structural parts. | 276 | 427 | 22 | 105 HB | 34 % IACS |
Solution heat treated, cold worked and naturally aged | Solution treated, cold worked and naturally aged 2017 (2A11/LY11 duralumin) — peak natural-age strength with slightly higher yield than T4 from the cold work. | 290 | 430 | 18 | 105 HB | 34 % IACS |
What is 2017?
2017 is one of the earliest heat-treatable Al-Cu-Mg "duralumin" alloys, with about 4% copper, reaching roughly 425 MPa tensile strength after solution treatment and natural aging (T4) together with good machinability. It is supplied as bar, rod, plate and extrusion for rivets, bolts, connecting rods, pulleys, fittings, tooling samples and general structural parts. Corrosion resistance is poor and requires cladding, anodizing or paint, fusion weldability is poor so joints are riveted or friction welded, and most aircraft applications have moved to 2024 and 2014. 2017 has a density of 2.79 g/cm³ (0.101 lb/in³), heavier than 77% of aluminum grades. It melts at 513°C (955 °F). 2017 has a yield strength of 276 MPa (40 ksi) and a tensile strength of 427 MPa (61.9 ksi) — stronger than 72% of aluminum grades. Elongation at break is 22% and the elastic modulus is 72.4 GPa (10.5 Msi).
What is 2017 used for?
- Rivets
- Pulleys
- Fittings
Advantages
- Ductile — tolerates forming and impact — 22%, better than 91% of aluminum grades
- Easy to machine — 78/100, better than 89% of aluminum grades
- Tough — resists crack growth — 30 MPa·√m (27.3 ksi·√in), better than 76% of aluminum grades
Limitations
- Needs corrosion protection — 33/100, worse than 91% of aluminum grades
- Difficult to weld — 20/100, worse than 89% of aluminum grades
- Limited service temperature — 120°C (248 °F), worse than 79% of aluminum grades
2017 properties
Typical room-temperature values; bars are the position among aluminum grades.
Physical3
2017 has a density of 2.79 g/cm³ (0.101 lb/in³), heavier than 77% of aluminum grades. It melts at 513°C (955 °F).
Mechanical14
2017 has a yield strength of 276 MPa (40 ksi) and a tensile strength of 427 MPa (61.9 ksi) — stronger than 72% of aluminum grades. Elongation at break is 22% and the elastic modulus is 72.4 GPa (10.5 Msi).
Thermal6
2017 is rated for continuous service to 120°C (248 °F). It conducts heat at 134 W/m·K (77.4 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 60% of aluminum grades. Thermal expansion is 23.6 µm/m·K (13.1 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
2017 conducts electricity at 34 % IACS, worse than 52% of aluminum grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is poor (33/100), worse than 91% of aluminum grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 2017 takes about 200 MJ of energy and emits 12 kg of CO₂ — less than 60% of aluminum grades. Typical recycled content is 30%.
Manufacturability8
2017's machinability is very good (78/100, better than 89% of aluminum grades); weldability poor (20/100); formability fair (45/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Strength versus weight in the aluminum family
Yield strength against density for every aluminum grade FabDigit runs. 2017 is highlighted; hover a dot for its name, or open the interactive family chart.
Working with 2017
Is 2017 easy to machine?
Excellent chip-breaking in T4/T451 — run high SFM with sharp uncoated carbide or PCD, 5–10% emulsion coolant; annealed stock is gummy and should be avoided for fine finishes.
Can 2017 be welded?
Not recommended for arc welding (hot cracking, loss of temper in HAZ); join by riveting, bolting, adhesive bonding, resistance spot welding or friction stir welding.
Can 2017 be formed, bent or molded?
Form in O temper or within a few hours of solution quench ('as-quenched W'), then let it naturally age; T4 stock bends only over generous radii (≈4–6t) with strong springback.
Manufacturability
The process limits FabDigit's quote engine applies to 2017. Design inside these and the part quotes instantly; outside them it routes to an engineer.
CNC machining
| Machinability | Excellent78 / 100 |
|---|---|
| ISO material group | N.2 |
| Cutting speed (rough / finish) | 280 / 340 m/min |
| Minimum wall | 0.8 mm |
| Minimum internal radius | 1 mm |
| Drill depth limit | 6× diameter |
| Best surface (machined / polished) | Ra 0.8 / — |
| Hardenable after machining | No |
Sheet metal
| Formability | Fair45 / 100 |
|---|---|
| Weldability | Poor20 / 100 |
2017 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Si | 0.2 – 0.8 | 0.5 |
| Feimpurity limit | ≤ 0.7 | 0.35 |
| Cuprincipal hardener | 3.5 – 4.5 | 4 |
| Mn | 0.4 – 1 | 0.7 |
| Mg | 0.4 – 0.8 | 0.6 |
| Cr | ≤ 0.1 | 0.03 |
| Zn | ≤ 0.25 | 0.1 |
| Ti+Zrcombined limit per AA registration | ≤ 0.25 | 0.1 |
| Others (each) | ≤ 0.05 | |
| Others (total) | ≤ 0.15 | |
| Al | ≥ 91.5 (balance) |
What surface finishes work on 2017?
Always protect: chromate/Ti-Zr conversion coat plus primer, or sulphuric/chromic anodize (dull grey-tan film due to Cu); Alclad sheet is used where bare corrosion resistance is insufficient.
Surface treatments FabDigit runs on aluminum parts — pick them in the quote configurator or call them out on the drawing. Each links to its datasheet in the surface-finish library (thickness, specs, call-out, material verdicts).
Passivation
Conversion Coating
PVD Coating
Equivalent designations
Standards and trade names that resolve to Aluminum 2017 in FabDigit's catalog. Equivalence is nominal — check the exact specification when certification matters.
- UNS
- A92017
- Aluminum Association
- AA2017
- EN / DIN / Werkstoff-Nr.
- AW-20173.1325AW-2017AAlCu4MgSi
- GB (China)
- 2A11LY11
- Trade names
- AvionalDuralumin
How much does 2017 cost?
2017 is a premium-cost aluminum ($$$), cheaper than about 60% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
2017 — frequently asked
What is 2017 used for?
2017 is typically used for rivets, pulleys and fittings. In short: classic high-strength choice.
What is the yield strength of 2017?
2017 has a typical yield strength of 276 MPa (40 ksi) and a tensile strength of 427 MPa (61.9 ksi) — stronger than 72% of aluminum grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 8 listed tempers.
Is 2017 easy to machine?
Yes — machinability is rated very good (78/100, better than 89% of aluminum grades). Excellent chip-breaking in T4/T451 — run high SFM with sharp uncoated carbide or PCD, 5–10% emulsion coolant; annealed stock is gummy and should be avoided for fine finishes.
Can 2017 be welded?
Not readily — weldability is rated poor (20/100). Not recommended for arc welding (hot cracking, loss of temper in HAZ); join by riveting, bolting, adhesive bonding, resistance spot welding or friction stir welding.
What surface finishes work on 2017?
Always protect: chromate/Ti-Zr conversion coat plus primer, or sulphuric/chromic anodize (dull grey-tan film due to Cu); Alclad sheet is used where bare corrosion resistance is insufficient.
Can 2017 be formed, bent or molded?
Form in O temper or within a few hours of solution quench ('as-quenched W'), then let it naturally age; T4 stock bends only over generous radii (≈4–6t) with strong springback.
What is the maximum service temperature of 2017?
2017 is rated for continuous use to about 120°C (248 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
How much does 2017 cost?
2017 is a premium-cost aluminum ($$$), cheaper than about 60% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Can FabDigit make parts in 2017?
Yes — 2017 is available for CNC machining and sheet metal with instant online pricing. Upload a STEP file to get a price and a DFM check.
Sources
- International Alloy Designations and Chemical Composition Limits for Wrought Aluminum (Teal Sheets) — The Aluminum Association (2018)
- ASTM B211 / B209 — Aluminum-Alloy Bar, Rod, Wire and Sheet/Plate — ASTM International (2019)
- EN 573-3 / EN 485-2 — Aluminium and aluminium alloys, chemical composition and mechanical properties — CEN (2019)
- ASM Handbook Vol.2 — Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol.13B — Corrosion: Materials — ASM International (2005)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison; hardness values on non-Brinell scales are converted approximately for charting only. Manufacturability limits are FabDigit quote-engine defaults and may be relaxed by engineering review. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.