Steel S235J2G3 +N (Normalized)
Heat-treated state · default condition
EN 1.0116
Standard delivery condition implied by the 'G3' suffix — fine grain, guaranteed 27 J at -20 °C; pick for welded structures in cold service.
Values for the +N condition
Other S235J2G3 tempers and conditions
S235J2G3 is listed in 5 conditions; see the grade overview at S235J2G3.
Compare all 5 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Solution annealed | Softest condition for deep drawing, heavy cold forming or after severe cold work; lowest strength. | 215 | 380 | 31 | 108 HB | 11.5 % IACS |
+N heavy section | Thick plate and heavy sections: specified yield drops with thickness per EN 10025-2, use for heavy welded frames and base plates. | 225 | 400 | 25 | 115 HB | 11 % IACS |
+NDefaultThis page Normalized | Standard delivery condition implied by the 'G3' suffix — fine grain, guaranteed 27 J at -20 °C; pick for welded structures in cold service. | 250 | 430 | 27 | 120 HB | — |
Hot rolled | Cheapest hot-rolled delivery for thin plate/sections where normalizing is not contractually required. | 255 | 440 | 26 | 125 HB | 11 % IACS |
Cold drawn | Bright, close-tolerance bar for shafts, pins and machined parts; higher strength but low ductility and residual stress. | 400 | 500 | 9 | 155 HB | 11 % IACS |
What is S235J2G3 +N?
S235J2G3 +N is S235J2G3 heat treated to +N — standard delivery condition implied by the 'G3' suffix — fine grain, guaranteed 27 J at -20 °C; pick for welded structures in cold service. S235J2G3 +N has a yield strength of 250 MPa (36.3 ksi) and a tensile strength of 430 MPa (62.4 ksi) — weaker than 94% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 27% and the elastic modulus is 210 GPa (30.5 Msi). S235J2G3 +N has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,425°C (2,597 °F).
Advantages
- High electrical conductivity — 11 % IACS, better than 98% of steel grades
- Readily welded — 95/100, better than 97% of steel grades
- Forms and bends easily — 85/100, better than 96% of steel grades
- Conducts heat well — 50 W/m·K (28.9 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 87% of steel grades
- Ductile — tolerates forming and impact — 27%, better than 86% of steel grades
Limitations
- Hard to polish — 40/100, worse than 96% of steel grades
- Low strength — 250 MPa (36.3 ksi), worse than 94% of steel grades
S235J2G3 +N properties
Typical room-temperature values for S235J2G3 +N; 10 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are S235J2G3 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
S235J2G3 +N has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,425°C (2,597 °F).
Mechanical16
S235J2G3 +N has a yield strength of 250 MPa (36.3 ksi) and a tensile strength of 430 MPa (62.4 ksi) — weaker than 94% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 27% and the elastic modulus is 210 GPa (30.5 Msi).
Thermal6
S235J2G3 +N is rated for continuous service to 350°C (662 °F). It conducts heat at 50 W/m·K (28.9 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 87% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 12 µm/m·K (6.67 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
S235J2G3 +N conducts electricity at 11 % IACS, better than 98% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is not recommended (10/100), worse than 86% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of S235J2G3 +N takes about 25 MJ of energy and emits 2.1 kg of CO₂ — less than 82% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 35%.
Manufacturability6
S235J2G3 +N's machinability is good (60/100, better than 83% of steel grades); weldability excellent (95/100); formability excellent (85/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with S235J2G3 +N
Is S235J2G3 easy to machine?
Machines easily but is gummy — use sharp positive-rake tooling, generous feed and coolant to avoid built-up edge and torn threads; cold-drawn bar gives the best finish.
Can S235J2G3 be welded?
Excellent weldability by SMAW/GMAW/SAW with E7018-class or G3Si1 consumables; CEV ≈ 0.35 so no preheat below ~30 mm, use low-hydrogen filler for thick restrained joints.
Can S235J2G3 be formed, bent or molded?
Readily cold bent, rolled and pressed (min bend radius ≈ 0.5–1.5 t depending on thickness/orientation); hot forming 900–1250 °C followed by normalizing restores toughness.
What surface finishes work on S235J2G3?
No anodizing; must be protected — hot-dip galvanizing, zinc-rich primer, shop paint, or phosphating; blast-clean to Sa 2½ before coating.
S235J2G3 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| C≤0.17 % for t ≤ 40 mm; ladle analysis | ≤ 0.17 | 0.14 |
| Mn | ≤ 1.4 | 0.7 |
| SiNot limited in EN 10025-2; typical mill practice for killed steel | ≤ 0.35 | 0.2 |
| P0.035 % max in the original EN 10025:1990 issue of S235J2G3 | ≤ 0.03 | 0.02 |
| S0.035 % max in the original EN 10025:1990 issue | ≤ 0.03 | 0.02 |
| Cu | ≤ 0.55 | 0.2 |
| AlTotal Al for fully killed / fine-grain practice (J2 quality) | ≥ 0.02 | 0.03 |
| Fe | balance | — |
S235J2G3 +N — frequently asked
What is S235J2G3 +N used for?
S235J2G3 +N is typically used for outdoor structural steelwork, bridges, welded frames and load-bearing components. In short: toughness down to -20 °C; superseded by S235J2; normalized delivery condition.
What is the yield strength of S235J2G3 +N?
S235J2G3 +N has a typical yield strength of 250 MPa (36.3 ksi) and a tensile strength of 430 MPa (62.4 ksi) — weaker than 94% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 5 listed tempers.
Is S235J2G3 +N easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated good (60/100, better than 83% of steel grades). Machines easily but is gummy — use sharp positive-rake tooling, generous feed and coolant to avoid built-up edge and torn threads; cold-drawn bar gives the best finish.
Can S235J2G3 +N be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated excellent (95/100). Excellent weldability by SMAW/GMAW/SAW with E7018-class or G3Si1 consumables; CEV ≈ 0.35 so no preheat below ~30 mm, use low-hydrogen filler for thick restrained joints.
What surface finishes work on S235J2G3 +N?
No anodizing; must be protected — hot-dip galvanizing, zinc-rich primer, shop paint, or phosphating; blast-clean to Sa 2½ before coating.
Can S235J2G3 +N be formed, bent or molded?
Readily cold bent, rolled and pressed (min bend radius ≈ 0.5–1.5 t depending on thickness/orientation); hot forming 900–1250 °C followed by normalizing restores toughness.
What is the maximum service temperature of S235J2G3 +N?
S235J2G3 +N is rated for continuous use to about 350°C (662 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between S235J2G3 +N and S235J2G3-CD?
+N is the default condition — standard delivery condition implied by the 'G3' suffix — fine grain, guaranteed 27 J at -20 °C; pick for welded structures in cold service. CD: bright, close-tolerance bar for shafts, pins and machined parts; higher strength but low ductility and residual stress. Yield strength is 250 MPa in +N versus 400 MPa in CD.
Sources
- EN 10025-2 Hot rolled products of structural steels — Non-alloy structural steels — CEN (2019)
- EN 10025:1990/A1:1993 (original S235J2G3 designation) — CEN (1993)
- GB/T 700 (Q235D) — SAC (2006)
- EN 10277 Bright steel products — Technical delivery conditions — CEN (2018)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels — ASM International (1990)
- EN 1993-1-1 Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures — CEN (2005)
- worldsteel LCI data for steel products — World Steel Association (2023)
- Mysteel / SMM — Mysteel (2025)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.