Steel 1019-HR (Hot rolled)
Supply condition
AISI/SAE 1019 · UNS G10190
Lowest-cost condition for welded structures and parts that will be machined all over or later heat treated.
Values for the HR condition
Other 1019 tempers and conditions
1019 is listed in 6 conditions; see the grade overview at 1019.
Compare all 6 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HRThis page Hot rolled | Lowest-cost condition for welded structures and parts that will be machined all over or later heat treated. | 225 | 407 | 25 | 116 HB | — |
Normalized | Use to refine grain and homogenize forgings or weldments before machining or carburizing. | 250 | 430 | 30 | 121 HB | — |
Solution annealed | Softest condition, chosen for maximum cold formability (deep drawing, cold heading) or to soften after cold work. | 260 | 385 | 34 | 111 HB | — |
Cold Drawn, Stress Relieved | Choose when machined parts must stay straight — residual drawing stresses are removed at ~550–650 °C with only slight strength loss. | 360 | 450 | 18 | 126 HB | 10.8 % IACS |
CDDefault Cold drawn | Standard stock condition: higher strength, close size tolerance and bright surface for shafts, pins and screw-machine parts. | 395 | 470 | 15 | 131 HB | — |
Carburized, Quenched & Tempered | Pick for gears, pins and bushings needing a hard wear surface over a tough, ductile low-carbon core. | 430 | 640 | 15 | 60 HRC | — |
What is 1019-HR?
1019-HR is 1019 supplied in the HR condition — lowest-cost condition for welded structures and parts that will be machined all over or later heat treated. 1019-HR has a yield strength of 225 MPa (32.6 ksi) and a tensile strength of 407 MPa (59 ksi) — weaker than 97% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 25% and the elastic modulus is 205 GPa (29.7 Msi). 1019-HR has a density of 7.87 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 92% of steel grades. It melts at 1,425°C (2,597 °F). CD is the default condition FabDigit quotes; HR is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- Conducts heat well — 51.9 W/m·K (30 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 96% of steel grades
- Readily welded — 93/100, better than 95% of steel grades
- High electrical conductivity — 10.8 % IACS, better than 94% of steel grades
- Forms and bends easily — 82/100, better than 94% of steel grades
- Ductile — tolerates forming and impact — 25%, better than 77% of steel grades
Limitations
- Low strength — 225 MPa (32.6 ksi), worse than 97% of steel grades
1019-HR properties
Typical room-temperature values for 1019-HR; 17 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are 1019 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
1019-HR has a density of 7.87 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 92% of steel grades. It melts at 1,425°C (2,597 °F).
Mechanical16
1019-HR has a yield strength of 225 MPa (32.6 ksi) and a tensile strength of 407 MPa (59 ksi) — weaker than 97% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 25% and the elastic modulus is 205 GPa (29.7 Msi).
Thermal6
1019-HR is rated for continuous service to 425°C (797 °F). It conducts heat at 51.9 W/m·K (30 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 96% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 11.7 µm/m·K (6.5 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
1019-HR conducts electricity at 10.8 % IACS, better than 94% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is not recommended (10/100), worse than 86% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 1019-HR takes about 25 MJ of energy and emits 2 kg of CO₂ — less than 82% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 30%.
Manufacturability8
1019-HR's machinability is good (55/100, better than 62% of steel grades); weldability excellent (93/100); formability very good (82/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with 1019-HR
Is 1019 easy to machine?
Gummy in the annealed/hot-rolled state — prefer cold drawn, sharp positive-rake tools, high speed and good coolant to avoid built-up edge; consider 1117/12L14 if chips are a problem.
Can 1019 be welded?
Excellent by all arc, resistance and oxyfuel processes with ER70S-x/E70xx filler; no preheat needed under ~25 mm section.
Can 1019 be formed, bent or molded?
Very good cold bending, roll forming, stamping and cold heading; anneal or use hot rolled stock for severe draws.
What surface finishes work on 1019?
No natural corrosion resistance — specify zinc or nickel plating, phosphate + oil, black oxide or paint; case hardening also improves wear.
1019 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| CSAE J403 / ASTM A29 | 0.15 – 0.2 | 0.18 |
| Mn | 0.7 – 1 | 0.85 |
| P | ≤ 0.04 | 0.02 |
| S | ≤ 0.05 | 0.03 |
| Fe | balance | — |
1019-HR — frequently asked
What is 1019-HR used for?
1019-HR is typically used for machine parts, carburized gears, shafts, structural brackets and cold-formed components. In short: highly weldable low-carbon bar; slightly stronger than 1018; low-cost carburizing grade.
What is the yield strength of 1019-HR?
1019-HR has a typical yield strength of 225 MPa (32.6 ksi) and a tensile strength of 407 MPa (59 ksi) — weaker than 97% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 6 listed tempers.
Is 1019-HR easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated good (55/100, better than 62% of steel grades). Gummy in the annealed/hot-rolled state — prefer cold drawn, sharp positive-rake tools, high speed and good coolant to avoid built-up edge; consider 1117/12L14 if chips are a problem.
Can 1019-HR be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated excellent (93/100). Excellent by all arc, resistance and oxyfuel processes with ER70S-x/E70xx filler; no preheat needed under ~25 mm section.
What surface finishes work on 1019-HR?
No natural corrosion resistance — specify zinc or nickel plating, phosphate + oil, black oxide or paint; case hardening also improves wear.
Can 1019-HR be formed, bent or molded?
Very good cold bending, roll forming, stamping and cold heading; anneal or use hot rolled stock for severe draws.
What is the maximum service temperature of 1019-HR?
1019-HR is rated for continuous use to about 425°C (797 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 1019-CD and 1019-HR?
CD is the default condition — standard stock condition: higher strength, close size tolerance and bright surface for shafts, pins and screw-machine parts. HR: lowest-cost condition for welded structures and parts that will be machined all over or later heat treated. Yield strength is 395 MPa in CD versus 225 MPa in HR.
Sources
- SAE J403 — Chemical Compositions of SAE Carbon Steels — SAE International (2014)
- ASTM A29/A29M — Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought, General Requirements — ASTM (2020)
- ASTM A108 — Steel Bar, Carbon and Alloy, Cold-Finished — ASTM (2018)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- Machinery's Handbook, 31st ed. (machinability ratings) — Industrial Press (2020)
- Mysteel / 1688 — Mysteel (2025)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.