Stainless Steel 439 · temper · default condition
Stainless Steel 439 Annealed
Properties of the Annealed condition, compared with the other 439 tempers.
Standard stocked condition for forming, welding and general fabrication of sheet, strip and tube.
What is 439 Annealed?
439 Annealed is 439 in the Annealed temper — standard stocked condition for forming, welding and general fabrication of sheet, strip and tube. 439 Annealed has a yield strength of 310 MPa (45 ksi) and a tensile strength of 485 MPa (70.3 ksi) — weaker than 63% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 30% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi). 439 Annealed has a density of 7.7 g/cm³ (0.278 lb/in³), lighter than 83% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,425°C (2,597 °F).
Advantages
- Low embodied carbon — 3.4 kg CO₂/kg, better than 91% of stainless steel grades
- Easy to machine — 50/100, better than 90% of stainless steel grades
- High electrical conductivity — 2.9 % IACS, better than 87% of stainless steel grades
- Readily welded — 82/100, better than 83% of stainless steel grades
- Forms and bends easily — 72/100, better than 83% of stainless steel grades
Limitations
- Needs corrosion protection — 48/100, worse than 81% of stainless steel grades
439 Annealed properties
Typical room-temperature values for 439 Annealed — 9 properties are specific to this condition; the rest are grade-level values shared by every 439 temper. Each bar shows where the value sits among the stainless steel grades in FabDigit's library — further right is higher.
Physical3
439 Annealed has a density of 7.7 g/cm³ (0.278 lb/in³), lighter than 83% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,425°C (2,597 °F).
Mechanical15
439 Annealed has a yield strength of 310 MPa (45 ksi) and a tensile strength of 485 MPa (70.3 ksi) — weaker than 63% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 30% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
Thermal6
439 Annealed is rated for continuous service to 815°C (1,499 °F). It conducts heat at 24 W/m·K (13.9 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 81% of stainless steel grades. Thermal expansion is 10.4 µm/m·K (5.78 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
439 Annealed conducts electricity at 2.9 % IACS, better than 87% of stainless steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is fair (48/100), worse than 81% of stainless steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 439 Annealed takes about 50 MJ of energy and emits 3.4 kg of CO₂ — less than 81% of stainless steel grades. Typical recycled content is 65%.
Manufacturability7
439 Annealed's machinability is fair (50/100, better than 90% of stainless steel grades); weldability very good (82/100); formability very good (72/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Other 439 tempers and conditions
439 is also supplied in 4 other conditions. The full side-by-side table is on the 439 overview.
- AnnealedDefaultStandard stocked condition for forming, welding and general fabrication of sheet, strip and tube.310 MPa yield · 150 HB
Working with 439 Annealed
Is 439 easy to machine?
Machines like 430 — soft and slightly gummy; use sharp positive-rake carbide, rigid setups, moderate speed with heavy coolant to avoid built-up edge and work-hardened skin.
Can 439 be welded?
Very good with GTAW/GMAW/laser/resistance methods; Ti stabilization prevents sensitization so no post-weld anneal is normally needed, but keep heat input and interpass temperature low to limit grain coarsening and use 409/439 or 316L filler.
Can 439 be formed, bent or molded?
Good deep-drawing and roll-forming behaviour with low ridging/roping thanks to Ti stabilization; allow for lower elongation and higher springback than 304 and avoid sharp bends across the rolling direction in heavy gauge.
What surface finishes work on 439?
Pickle and passivate after hot work; takes bright-annealed, No.4 brushed and electropolished finishes well, and accepts painting or PVD coatings — do not anodize.
439 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Cextra-low carbon for weld ductility | ≤ 0.03 | 0.02 |
| Si | ≤ 1 | 0.4 |
| Mn | ≤ 1 | 0.4 |
| P | ≤ 0.04 | 0.03 |
| S | ≤ 0.03 | 0 |
| Cr | 17 – 19 | 17.8 |
| Niresidual | ≤ 0.5 | 0.25 |
| Timin = 0.20 + 4(C+N) stabilization | 0.2 – 1.1 | 0.35 |
| N | ≤ 0.03 | 0.02 |
| Al | ≤ 0.15 | 0.05 |
| Fe | balance | — |
439 Annealed — frequently asked
What is 439 Annealed used for?
439 Annealed is typically used for automotive exhaust manifolds and tubing, solar absorber panels, appliance and water-heater tubing, heat exchanger tubes and shells, catering and kitchen equipment panels and roofing, gutters and cladding. In short: stabilized weldable ferritic stainless.
What is the yield strength of 439 Annealed?
439 Annealed has a typical yield strength of 310 MPa (45 ksi) and a tensile strength of 485 MPa (70.3 ksi) — weaker than 63% of stainless steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 5 listed tempers.
Is 439 Annealed easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated fair (50/100, better than 90% of stainless steel grades). Machines like 430 — soft and slightly gummy; use sharp positive-rake carbide, rigid setups, moderate speed with heavy coolant to avoid built-up edge and work-hardened skin.
Can 439 Annealed be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated very good (82/100). Very good with GTAW/GMAW/laser/resistance methods; Ti stabilization prevents sensitization so no post-weld anneal is normally needed, but keep heat input and interpass temperature low to limit grain coarsening and use 409/439 or 316L filler.
What surface finishes work on 439 Annealed?
Pickle and passivate after hot work; takes bright-annealed, No.4 brushed and electropolished finishes well, and accepts painting or PVD coatings — do not anodize.
Can 439 Annealed be formed, bent or molded?
Good deep-drawing and roll-forming behaviour with low ridging/roping thanks to Ti stabilization; allow for lower elongation and higher springback than 304 and avoid sharp bends across the rolling direction in heavy gauge.
What is the maximum service temperature of 439 Annealed?
439 Annealed is rated for continuous use to about 815°C (1,499 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 439 Annealed and 439 HRAP?
Annealed is the default condition — standard stocked condition for forming, welding and general fabrication of sheet, strip and tube. HRAP: use for plate and heavier gauges; slightly coarser grain and lower ductility, and DBTT concerns in thick sections. Yield strength is 310 MPa in Annealed versus 295 MPa in HRAP.
Can FabDigit make parts in 439 Annealed?
Yes — 439 Annealed is available for CNC machining and sheet metal with instant online pricing. Upload a STEP file to get a price and a DFM check.
Sources
- ASTM A240/A240M — Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet and Strip (UNS S43035) — ASTM International (2023)
- ASTM A268/A268M — Seamless and Welded Ferritic Stainless Steel Tubing (TP439) — ASTM International (2022)
- EN 10088-2 — Stainless steels: technical delivery conditions for sheet/plate (1.4510 X3CrTi17) — CEN (2014)
- GB/T 3280 (022Cr18Ti) — SAC (2015)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- 439 / 1.4510 ferritic stainless steel product data — Outokumpu / Cleveland-Cliffs (AK Steel) (2021)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.