Stainless Steel 1.4749 Annealed
Temper · default condition
EN 1.4749 · UNS S44600 · AISI/SAE 446
Standard stocked condition for plate, bar and sheet used in furnace and hot-gas parts.
Values for the Annealed condition
Other 1.4749 tempers and conditions
1.4749 is listed in 5 conditions; see the grade overview at 1.4749.
- AS-CAST
- HR-Annealed
- CR-Annealed
- Annealed
- CD
Compare all 5 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GX40CrSi29 (1.4776) heat-resistant casting counterpart | Use when the 28–29 % Cr ferritic composition is supplied as a casting (grate bars, burner heads, furnace fixtures); very low ductility at RT. | 250 | 450 | 1.5 | 20 HRC | 2.5 % IACS |
Hot Rolled + Annealed + Pickled (plate / hot-rolled bar, 1D finish) | Choose for thick plate and hot-rolled bar for furnace structural parts and retorts. | 320 | 550 | 20 | 175 HB | 2.6 % IACS |
Cold Rolled + Annealed sheet/strip (2B / 2D finish) | Thin sheet for burner shrouds, radiant tube baffles and annealing-box liners where some cold ductility is needed. | 320 | 540 | 25 | 165 HB | 2.6 % IACS |
AnnealedDefaultThis page 780–850 °C, rapid cool (mill annealed, softest condition) | Standard stocked condition for plate, bar and sheet used in furnace and hot-gas parts. | 330 | 560 | 22 | 170 HB | 2.6 % IACS |
Cold drawn | Pick for small-diameter bar needing tighter tolerance, better surface and higher yield strength at RT. | 500 | 660 | 14 | 17 HRC | 2.6 % IACS |
What is 1.4749 Annealed?
1.4749 Annealed is 1.4749 in the Annealed temper — standard stocked condition for plate, bar and sheet used in furnace and hot-gas parts. 1.4749 Annealed has a yield strength of 330 MPa (47.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 560 MPa (81.2 ksi) — weaker than 57% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 22% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi). 1.4749 Annealed has a density of 7.6 g/cm³ (0.275 lb/in³), lighter than 98% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,425°C (2,597 °F).
Advantages
- High service temperature — 1,100°C (2,012 °F), better than 96% of stainless steel grades
- Low embodied carbon — 3.6 kg CO₂/kg, better than 83% of stainless steel grades
- High electrical conductivity — 2.6 % IACS, better than 77% of stainless steel grades
Limitations
- Low fracture toughness — 45 MPa·√m (41 ksi·√in), worse than 95% of stainless steel grades
- Difficult to weld — 30/100, worse than 88% of stainless steel grades
- Hard to polish — 60/100, worse than 80% of stainless steel grades
- Limited ductility — 22%, worse than 75% of stainless steel grades
1.4749 Annealed properties
Typical room-temperature values for 1.4749 Annealed; 22 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are 1.4749 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among stainless steel grades.
Physical3
1.4749 Annealed has a density of 7.6 g/cm³ (0.275 lb/in³), lighter than 98% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,425°C (2,597 °F).
Mechanical16
1.4749 Annealed has a yield strength of 330 MPa (47.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 560 MPa (81.2 ksi) — weaker than 57% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 22% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
Thermal6
1.4749 Annealed is rated for continuous service to 1,100°C (2,012 °F). It conducts heat at 20 W/m·K (11.6 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 74% of stainless steel grades. Thermal expansion is 10.4 µm/m·K (5.78 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
1.4749 Annealed conducts electricity at 2.6 % IACS, better than 77% of stainless steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is good (68/100), better than 63% of stainless steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 1.4749 Annealed takes about 48 MJ of energy and emits 3.6 kg of CO₂ — less than 85% of stainless steel grades. Typical recycled content is 65%.
Manufacturability7
1.4749 Annealed's machinability is fair (42/100, better than 79% of stainless steel grades); weldability poor (30/100); formability poor (30/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with 1.4749 Annealed
Is 1.4749 easy to machine?
Machinable but abrasive and prone to work hardening — use rigid setups, sharp positive-rake carbide, ~30–60 m/min, heavy feeds and copious coolant; avoid dwelling.
Can 1.4749 be welded?
Weld only when unavoidable: preheat 150–250 °C, low heat input, matching 446/309 or austenitic Ni-base filler, post-weld anneal 780–850 °C; HAZ grain growth and 475 °C/σ embrittlement severely reduce toughness.
Can 1.4749 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold formability is poor (limited elongation, high springback, DBTT near RT); prefer warm forming 200–300 °C with generous bend radii (≥2t).
What surface finishes work on 1.4749?
Pickle in HNO3-HF after hot work to restore the chromia film; can be ground and polished to a bright finish but the alloy self-passivates and needs no plating for hot-gas service.
1.4749 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| CEN 10095 X18CrN28 | 0.15 – 0.2 | 0.18 |
| Si | ≤ 1 | 0.6 |
| Mn | ≤ 1 | 0.6 |
| P | ≤ 0.04 | — |
| S0.030 max under ASTM A240 grade 446 | ≤ 0.02 | — |
| Cr23.0–27.0 for AISI 446 | 26 – 29 | 27.5 |
| Nnitrogen strengthening / austenite-free control | 0.15 – 0.25 | 0.2 |
| Niresidual, per ASTM A240 grade 446 | ≤ 0.75 | — |
| Fe | balance | — |
1.4749 Annealed — frequently asked
What is 1.4749 Annealed used for?
1.4749 Annealed is typically used for furnace muffles, heat-treat fixtures, combustion equipment and high-temperature valves. In short: highest-chromium ferritic grade; best sulfidation resistance; 1100 °C scaling limit.
What is the yield strength of 1.4749 Annealed?
1.4749 Annealed has a typical yield strength of 330 MPa (47.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 560 MPa (81.2 ksi) — weaker than 57% of stainless steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 5 listed tempers.
Is 1.4749 Annealed easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated fair (42/100, better than 79% of stainless steel grades). Machinable but abrasive and prone to work hardening — use rigid setups, sharp positive-rake carbide, ~30–60 m/min, heavy feeds and copious coolant; avoid dwelling.
Can 1.4749 Annealed be welded?
Not readily — weldability is rated poor (30/100). Weld only when unavoidable: preheat 150–250 °C, low heat input, matching 446/309 or austenitic Ni-base filler, post-weld anneal 780–850 °C; HAZ grain growth and 475 °C/σ embrittlement severely reduce toughness.
What surface finishes work on 1.4749 Annealed?
Pickle in HNO3-HF after hot work to restore the chromia film; can be ground and polished to a bright finish but the alloy self-passivates and needs no plating for hot-gas service.
Can 1.4749 Annealed be formed, bent or molded?
Cold formability is poor (limited elongation, high springback, DBTT near RT); prefer warm forming 200–300 °C with generous bend radii (≥2t).
What is the maximum service temperature of 1.4749 Annealed?
1.4749 Annealed is rated for continuous use to about 1,100°C (2,012 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 1.4749 Annealed and 1.4749-CD?
Annealed is the default condition — standard stocked condition for plate, bar and sheet used in furnace and hot-gas parts. CD: pick for small-diameter bar needing tighter tolerance, better surface and higher yield strength at RT. Yield strength is 330 MPa in Annealed versus 500 MPa in CD.
Sources
- EN 10095 — Heat resisting steels and nickel alloys — CEN (2018)
- ASTM A240/A240M — Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet and Strip — ASTM International (2023)
- ASTM A276/A276M — Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes — ASTM International (2023)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 13B — Corrosion: Materials — ASM International (2005)
- Heat resistant stainless steel grade datasheets (1.4749 / 1.4776) — European stainless producers (2022)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.