Stainless Steel 1.4749 HR-Annealed
Finish state
EN 1.4749 · UNS S44600 · AISI/SAE 446
Choose for thick plate and hot-rolled bar for furnace structural parts and retorts.
Values for the HR-Annealed condition
Other 1.4749 tempers and conditions
1.4749 is listed in 5 conditions; see the grade overview at 1.4749.
- AS-CAST
- HR-Annealed
- CR-Annealed
- Annealed
- CD
Compare all 5 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GX40CrSi29 (1.4776) heat-resistant casting counterpart | Use when the 28–29 % Cr ferritic composition is supplied as a casting (grate bars, burner heads, furnace fixtures); very low ductility at RT. | 250 | 450 | 1.5 | 20 HRC | 2.5 % IACS |
HR-AnnealedThis page Hot Rolled + Annealed + Pickled (plate / hot-rolled bar, 1D finish) | Choose for thick plate and hot-rolled bar for furnace structural parts and retorts. | 320 | 550 | 20 | 175 HB | 2.6 % IACS |
Cold Rolled + Annealed sheet/strip (2B / 2D finish) | Thin sheet for burner shrouds, radiant tube baffles and annealing-box liners where some cold ductility is needed. | 320 | 540 | 25 | 165 HB | 2.6 % IACS |
AnnealedDefault 780–850 °C, rapid cool (mill annealed, softest condition) | Standard stocked condition for plate, bar and sheet used in furnace and hot-gas parts. | 330 | 560 | 22 | 170 HB | 2.6 % IACS |
Cold drawn | Pick for small-diameter bar needing tighter tolerance, better surface and higher yield strength at RT. | 500 | 660 | 14 | 17 HRC | 2.6 % IACS |
What is 1.4749 HR-Annealed?
1.4749 HR-Annealed is 1.4749 supplied in the HR-Annealed condition — choose for thick plate and hot-rolled bar for furnace structural parts and retorts. 1.4749 HR-Annealed has a yield strength of 320 MPa (46.4 ksi) and a tensile strength of 550 MPa (79.8 ksi) — weaker than 60% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 20% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi). 1.4749 HR-Annealed has a density of 7.6 g/cm³ (0.275 lb/in³), lighter than 98% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,425°C (2,597 °F). Annealed is the default condition FabDigit quotes; HR-Annealed is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- High service temperature — 1,100°C (2,012 °F), better than 96% of stainless steel grades
- Low embodied carbon — 3.6 kg CO₂/kg, better than 83% of stainless steel grades
- High electrical conductivity — 2.6 % IACS, better than 77% of stainless steel grades
Limitations
- Low fracture toughness — 30 MPa·√m (27.3 ksi·√in), worse than 99% of stainless steel grades
- Difficult to weld — 28/100, worse than 90% of stainless steel grades
- Hard to polish — 60/100, worse than 80% of stainless steel grades
- Limited ductility — 20%, worse than 79% of stainless steel grades
1.4749 HR-Annealed properties
Typical room-temperature values for 1.4749 HR-Annealed; 22 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are 1.4749 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among stainless steel grades.
Physical3
1.4749 HR-Annealed has a density of 7.6 g/cm³ (0.275 lb/in³), lighter than 98% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,425°C (2,597 °F).
Mechanical16
1.4749 HR-Annealed has a yield strength of 320 MPa (46.4 ksi) and a tensile strength of 550 MPa (79.8 ksi) — weaker than 60% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 20% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
Thermal6
1.4749 HR-Annealed is rated for continuous service to 1,100°C (2,012 °F). It conducts heat at 20 W/m·K (11.6 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 74% of stainless steel grades. Thermal expansion is 10.4 µm/m·K (5.78 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
1.4749 HR-Annealed conducts electricity at 2.6 % IACS, better than 77% of stainless steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is good (66/100), better than 59% of stainless steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 1.4749 HR-Annealed takes about 48 MJ of energy and emits 3.6 kg of CO₂ — less than 85% of stainless steel grades. Typical recycled content is 65%.
Manufacturability7
1.4749 HR-Annealed's machinability is fair (42/100, better than 79% of stainless steel grades); weldability poor (28/100); formability poor (26/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with 1.4749 HR-Annealed
Is 1.4749 easy to machine?
Machinable but abrasive and prone to work hardening — use rigid setups, sharp positive-rake carbide, ~30–60 m/min, heavy feeds and copious coolant; avoid dwelling.
Can 1.4749 be welded?
Weld only when unavoidable: preheat 150–250 °C, low heat input, matching 446/309 or austenitic Ni-base filler, post-weld anneal 780–850 °C; HAZ grain growth and 475 °C/σ embrittlement severely reduce toughness.
Can 1.4749 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold formability is poor (limited elongation, high springback, DBTT near RT); prefer warm forming 200–300 °C with generous bend radii (≥2t).
What surface finishes work on 1.4749?
Pickle in HNO3-HF after hot work to restore the chromia film; can be ground and polished to a bright finish but the alloy self-passivates and needs no plating for hot-gas service.
1.4749 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| CEN 10095 X18CrN28 | 0.15 – 0.2 | 0.18 |
| Si | ≤ 1 | 0.6 |
| Mn | ≤ 1 | 0.6 |
| P | ≤ 0.04 | — |
| S0.030 max under ASTM A240 grade 446 | ≤ 0.02 | — |
| Cr23.0–27.0 for AISI 446 | 26 – 29 | 27.5 |
| Nnitrogen strengthening / austenite-free control | 0.15 – 0.25 | 0.2 |
| Niresidual, per ASTM A240 grade 446 | ≤ 0.75 | — |
| Fe | balance | — |
1.4749 HR-Annealed — frequently asked
What is 1.4749 HR-Annealed used for?
1.4749 HR-Annealed is typically used for furnace muffles, heat-treat fixtures, combustion equipment and high-temperature valves. In short: highest-chromium ferritic grade; best sulfidation resistance; 1100 °C scaling limit.
What is the yield strength of 1.4749 HR-Annealed?
1.4749 HR-Annealed has a typical yield strength of 320 MPa (46.4 ksi) and a tensile strength of 550 MPa (79.8 ksi) — weaker than 60% of stainless steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 5 listed tempers.
Is 1.4749 HR-Annealed easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated fair (42/100, better than 79% of stainless steel grades). Machinable but abrasive and prone to work hardening — use rigid setups, sharp positive-rake carbide, ~30–60 m/min, heavy feeds and copious coolant; avoid dwelling.
Can 1.4749 HR-Annealed be welded?
Not readily — weldability is rated poor (28/100). Weld only when unavoidable: preheat 150–250 °C, low heat input, matching 446/309 or austenitic Ni-base filler, post-weld anneal 780–850 °C; HAZ grain growth and 475 °C/σ embrittlement severely reduce toughness.
What surface finishes work on 1.4749 HR-Annealed?
Pickle in HNO3-HF after hot work to restore the chromia film; can be ground and polished to a bright finish but the alloy self-passivates and needs no plating for hot-gas service.
Can 1.4749 HR-Annealed be formed, bent or molded?
Cold formability is poor (limited elongation, high springback, DBTT near RT); prefer warm forming 200–300 °C with generous bend radii (≥2t).
What is the maximum service temperature of 1.4749 HR-Annealed?
1.4749 HR-Annealed is rated for continuous use to about 1,100°C (2,012 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 1.4749 Annealed and 1.4749-CD?
Annealed is the default condition — standard stocked condition for plate, bar and sheet used in furnace and hot-gas parts. CD: pick for small-diameter bar needing tighter tolerance, better surface and higher yield strength at RT. Yield strength is 330 MPa in Annealed versus 500 MPa in CD.
Sources
- EN 10095 — Heat resisting steels and nickel alloys — CEN (2018)
- ASTM A240/A240M — Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet and Strip — ASTM International (2023)
- ASTM A276/A276M — Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes — ASTM International (2023)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 13B — Corrosion: Materials — ASM International (2005)
- Heat resistant stainless steel grade datasheets (1.4749 / 1.4776) — European stainless producers (2022)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.