Titanium Ti Grade 31
UNS R53532 · ASTM Grade 31
Ti Grade 31 (UNS R53532) is the lower-interstitial counterpart of Grade 30, a ruthenium-bearing lean-alloy titanium listed with the commercially pure grades.
Reference datasheet — Ti Grade 31 is not in the instant-quote catalog. Upload your part and an engineer will quote it in this grade or suggest the closest stocked equivalent.
Values for the Annealed condition
Ti Grade 31 tempers and conditions
Ti Grade 31 is supplied in 2 conditions, soft to hard. Annealed is the default FabDigit quotes; the values on this page are for it.
Compare all 2 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AnnealedDefault mill annealed sheet, plate, bar, tube | Default stocked condition for heat-exchanger tube, plate and vessel linings in hot brines. | 450 | 550 | 22 | 200 HB | — |
Cold Worked + Stress Relieved | Choose for higher strength and tighter tolerance fasteners, shafts and instrument tubing. | 600 | 690 | 13 | 22 HRC | 3 % IACS |
Supply forms, finishes and certifications
Ways Ti Grade 31 is supplied — form, process route, surface or paperwork — without a datasheet of their own. The property values above apply.
| Option | What it is | Type |
|---|---|---|
CR-Ann Sheet | Cold Rolled + Annealed | Supply form |
HR-Ann Plate | Hot Rolled + Annealed | Supply form |
Welded Tube | Welded (and annealed) tube/pipe | Supply form |
What is Ti Grade 31?
Ti Grade 31 (UNS R53532) is the lower-interstitial counterpart of Grade 30, a ruthenium-bearing lean-alloy titanium listed with the commercially pure grades. It is selected where forming work is combined with enhanced crevice-corrosion resistance, and is stocked as cold-rolled annealed sheet, hot-rolled annealed plate, cold-worked stress-relieved bar and welded tube. Annealed properties are 450 MPa yield, 550 MPa tensile, 22 % elongation and roughly 200 HB (94 HRB), with service to 300 °C. Weldability is high (88) but machinability is low (32) and formability is moderate (55); Grade 30 is the direct alternative at lower strength. Ti Grade 31 has a density of 4.51 g/cm³ (0.163 lb/in³), heavier than 57% of titanium grades. It melts at 1,650°C (3,002 °F). Ti Grade 31 has a yield strength of 450 MPa (65.3 ksi) and a tensile strength of 550 MPa (79.8 ksi) — weaker than 65% of titanium grades. Elongation at break is 22% and the elastic modulus is 105 GPa (15.2 Msi).
What is Ti Grade 31 used for?
- Formed chemical process components
- Corrosion-resistant tubing and welded tube
- Reactor and vessel internals
- Seawater and brine piping fittings
- Heat-exchanger plates and shells
- Drawn and pressed tank heads
Advantages
- Conducts heat well — 17 W/m·K (9.82 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 84% of titanium grades
- High electrical conductivity — 3.1 % IACS, better than 75% of titanium grades
Ti Grade 31 properties
Typical room-temperature values for Ti Grade 31-Annealed; bars are the position among titanium grades.
Physical3
Ti Grade 31 has a density of 4.51 g/cm³ (0.163 lb/in³), heavier than 57% of titanium grades. It melts at 1,650°C (3,002 °F).
Mechanical16
Ti Grade 31 has a yield strength of 450 MPa (65.3 ksi) and a tensile strength of 550 MPa (79.8 ksi) — weaker than 65% of titanium grades. Elongation at break is 22% and the elastic modulus is 105 GPa (15.2 Msi).
Thermal6
Ti Grade 31 is rated for continuous service to 300°C (572 °F). It conducts heat at 17 W/m·K (9.82 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 84% of titanium grades. Thermal expansion is 8.6 µm/m·K (4.78 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
Ti Grade 31 conducts electricity at 3.1 % IACS, better than 75% of titanium grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is excellent (95/100), better than 83% of titanium grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of Ti Grade 31 takes about 650 MJ of energy and emits 40 kg of CO₂ — less than 75% of titanium grades. Typical recycled content is 30%.
Manufacturability8
Ti Grade 31's machinability is poor (32/100, better than 70% of titanium grades); weldability excellent (88/100); formability good (55/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Strength versus weight in the titanium family
Yield strength against density for every titanium grade FabDigit runs. Ti Grade 31 is highlighted; hover a dot for its name, or open the interactive family chart.
Working with Ti Grade 31
Is Ti Grade 31 easy to machine?
Machine like CP Ti Grade 3: rigid setup, sharp uncoated-carbide or PVD tools, low surface speed (25–45 m/min), heavy positive rake, generous flood coolant to avoid galling and chip ignition.
Can Ti Grade 31 be welded?
Excellent GTAW/PAW/EBW weldability with matching or Grade 2/7 filler; requires full inert-gas shielding of pool, trailing shield and backing, and a clean, oxide-free joint (straw/blue tint = reject).
Can Ti Grade 31 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold form with generous bend radii (≈3–4t) and allow for high springback; warm forming at 200–400 °C markedly improves formability; never form with iron-contaminated tooling.
Ti Grade 31 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Pdpalladium micro-addition for crevice-corrosion resistance | 0.04 – 0.08 | 0.05 |
| Cocobalt co-addition, cathodic modifier | 0.2 – 0.8 | 0.35 |
| Fe | ≤ 0.3 | 0.15 |
| Ohigher-oxygen (higher strength) member of the Gr.30/31 pair | ≤ 0.35 | 0.25 |
| C | ≤ 0.08 | 0.02 |
| N | ≤ 0.05 | 0.02 |
| Hmax (0.0125 for billet/bar in some forms) | ≤ 0.02 | 0.01 |
| Residuals (each)total 0.40 max | ≤ 0.1 | |
| Ti | balance |
What surface finishes work on Ti Grade 31?
Pickle in HNO₃/HF to remove alpha case and embedded iron; can be colour-anodized per AMS 2488, glass-bead blasted, or polished — no protective coating is needed for corrosion.
Surface treatments FabDigit runs on titanium parts — pick them in the quote configurator or call them out on the drawing. Each links to its datasheet in the surface-finish library (thickness, specs, call-out, material verdicts).
Thermal Spray
Equivalent designations
Standards and trade names that resolve to Titanium Ti Grade 31 in FabDigit's catalog. Equivalence is nominal — check the exact specification when certification matters.
- UNS
- R53532
- ASTM
- Grade 31
How much does Ti Grade 31 cost?
Ti Grade 31 is a high-cost titanium ($$$$), pricier than about 78% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Ti Grade 31 — frequently asked
What is Ti Grade 31 used for?
Ti Grade 31 is typically used for formed chemical process components, corrosion-resistant tubing and welded tube, reactor and vessel internals, seawater and brine piping fittings, heat-exchanger plates and shells and drawn and pressed tank heads. In short: low-interstitial Grade 30; formable crevice-resistant titanium; higher strength than CP grades.
What is the yield strength of Ti Grade 31?
Ti Grade 31 has a typical yield strength of 450 MPa (65.3 ksi) and a tensile strength of 550 MPa (79.8 ksi) — weaker than 65% of titanium grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 2 listed tempers.
Is Ti Grade 31 easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated poor (32/100, better than 70% of titanium grades). Machine like CP Ti Grade 3: rigid setup, sharp uncoated-carbide or PVD tools, low surface speed (25–45 m/min), heavy positive rake, generous flood coolant to avoid galling and chip ignition.
Can Ti Grade 31 be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated excellent (88/100). Excellent GTAW/PAW/EBW weldability with matching or Grade 2/7 filler; requires full inert-gas shielding of pool, trailing shield and backing, and a clean, oxide-free joint (straw/blue tint = reject).
What surface finishes work on Ti Grade 31?
Pickle in HNO₃/HF to remove alpha case and embedded iron; can be colour-anodized per AMS 2488, glass-bead blasted, or polished — no protective coating is needed for corrosion.
Can Ti Grade 31 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold form with generous bend radii (≈3–4t) and allow for high springback; warm forming at 200–400 °C markedly improves formability; never form with iron-contaminated tooling.
What is the maximum service temperature of Ti Grade 31?
Ti Grade 31 is rated for continuous use to about 300°C (572 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between Ti Grade 31 Annealed and Ti Grade 31 CW-SR?
Annealed is the default condition — default stocked condition for heat-exchanger tube, plate and vessel linings in hot brines. CW-SR: choose for higher strength and tighter tolerance fasteners, shafts and instrument tubing. Yield strength is 450 MPa in Annealed versus 600 MPa in CW-SR.
How much does Ti Grade 31 cost?
Ti Grade 31 is a high-cost titanium ($$$$), pricier than about 78% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Sources
- ASTM B265 — Titanium and Titanium Alloy Strip, Sheet, and Plate — ASTM International (2020)
- ASTM B348 — Titanium and Titanium Alloy Bars and Billets — ASTM International (2021)
- ASTM B338 / B337 — Seamless and Welded Titanium Tube and Pipe for Condensers and Heat Exchangers — ASTM International (2021)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 2 — Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys (Titanium) — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 13B — Corrosion: Materials (Titanium) — ASM International (2005)
- Pd/Co-enhanced corrosion-resistant CP titanium product data — TIMET / Titanium Metals producer literature (2019)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison; hardness values on non-Brinell scales are converted approximately for charting only. Manufacturability limits are FabDigit quote-engine defaults and may be relaxed by engineering review. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.