Titanium Grade 5
ASTM Grade 5 · UNS R56400 · EN Ti64, 3.7164 · GB TC4 · ISO 5832-3
Grade 5 (Ti-6Al-4V, TC4, UNS R56400, 3.7165) is the workhorse alpha-beta titanium alloy, strengthened by aluminium and vanadium and responsive to solution treating and ageing.
Values for the O condition
Grade 5 tempers and conditions
Grade 5 is supplied in 7 conditions, soft to hard. O is the default FabDigit quotes; the values on this page are for it.
Compare all 7 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
As cast / cast + anneal (investment casting, ASTM B367 C-5) | For complex near-net shapes; coarse lamellar structure gives good toughness but lower ductility and fatigue than wrought. | 830 | 900 | 8 | 33 HRC | 1 % IACS |
Beta annealed (above β-transus ~1020 °C, controlled cool) | Pick for damage-tolerant airframe parts needing maximum fracture toughness and slow crack growth. | 850 | 930 | 10 | 34 HRC | 1 % IACS |
ODefault Annealed | Default stocked condition for bar, plate, sheet and forgings — best balance of strength, ductility and toughness. | 880 | 950 | 14 | 36 HRC | — |
Hot isostatic pressed | Closes porosity and lack-of-fusion defects in castings and printed parts, restoring wrought-like ductility and fatigue life. | 890 | 970 | 16 | 34 HRC | 1 % IACS |
Stress relieved (540–650 °C, 1–4 h) | Used after machining, welding or AM building to remove residual stress with minimal property change. | 960 | 1,050 | 12 | 36 HRC | 1 % IACS |
Solution treated and aged | Choose when maximum strength is needed in sections under ~25 mm; ductility and toughness drop. | 1,070 | 1,150 | 10 | 41 HRC | — |
laser powder-bed fusion (SLM/DMLS), no post-heat-treat | Highest as-built strength from the fine martensitic α' structure, but low ductility, anisotropy and high residual stress — usually stress relieved or HIPed before service. | 1,120 | 1,240 | 8 | 40 HRC | — |
What is Grade 5?
Grade 5 (Ti-6Al-4V, TC4, UNS R56400, 3.7165) is the workhorse alpha-beta titanium alloy, strengthened by aluminium and vanadium and responsive to solution treating and ageing. Annealed properties of 880 MPa yield, 950 MPa tensile, 14% elongation and about 334 HB (36 HRC) with service to 400 °C make it the most-used titanium alloy in aerospace and medical implants; FabDigit holds it as bar, plate, sheet, forgings and powder, with annealed, STA, stress-relieved, HIP, as-printed, beta-annealed and as-cast conditions on file. The limits are cost, a machinability score of 20 and poor cold formability, so hot or superplastic forming is normal. Grade 4 is the cheaper unalloyed option when heat-treated strength is not needed. Grade 5 has a density of 4.43 g/cm³ (0.16 lb/in³), lighter than 89% of titanium grades. It melts at 1,604°C (2,919 °F). Grade 5 has a yield strength of 880 MPa (128 ksi) and a tensile strength of 950 MPa (138 ksi) — stronger than 78% of titanium grades. Elongation at break is 14% and the elastic modulus is 113.8 GPa (16.5 Msi).
What is Grade 5 used for?
- Aircraft turbine blades and engine hardware
- Medical implants and instrument bodies
- Airframe structural fittings and lugs
- 3D-printed lattice and bracket structures
- Motorsport and high-load fasteners
- Subsea and offshore pressure housings
- Sports equipment structures
Advantages
- High strength — 880 MPa (128 ksi), better than 78% of titanium grades
- High service temperature — 400°C (752 °F), better than 78% of titanium grades
Limitations
- Poor heat conductor — 6.7 W/m·K (3.87 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 92% of titanium grades
- Low electrical conductivity — 1 % IACS, worse than 89% of titanium grades
Grade 5 properties
Typical room-temperature values for Grade 5-O; bars are the position among titanium grades.
Physical3
Grade 5 has a density of 4.43 g/cm³ (0.16 lb/in³), lighter than 89% of titanium grades. It melts at 1,604°C (2,919 °F).
Mechanical16
Grade 5 has a yield strength of 880 MPa (128 ksi) and a tensile strength of 950 MPa (138 ksi) — stronger than 78% of titanium grades. Elongation at break is 14% and the elastic modulus is 113.8 GPa (16.5 Msi).
Thermal6
Grade 5 is rated for continuous service to 400°C (752 °F). It conducts heat at 6.7 W/m·K (3.87 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 92% of titanium grades. Thermal expansion is 8.6 µm/m·K (4.78 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
Grade 5 conducts electricity at 1 % IACS, worse than 89% of titanium grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is excellent (88/100), worse than 77% of titanium grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of Grade 5 takes about 650 MJ of energy and emits 42 kg of CO₂ — less than 75% of titanium grades. Typical recycled content is 25%.
Manufacturability8
Grade 5's machinability is poor (20/100, worse than 68% of titanium grades); weldability very good (75/100); formability poor (25/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Strength versus weight in the titanium family
Yield strength against density for every titanium grade FabDigit runs. Grade 5 is highlighted; hover a dot for its name, or open the interactive family chart.
Working with Grade 5
Is Grade 5 easy to machine?
Low speed (30–60 m/min carbide), heavy positive-rake sharp tooling, rigid setup and flood high-pressure coolant; never dwell in the cut — chips are pyrophoric and work hardening plus low conductivity burns edges.
Can Grade 5 be welded?
Excellent by GTAW/EBW/laser with full inert gas or trailing-shield/chamber protection; keep O/N/H pickup low and stress relieve after — welds lose ductility if discoloured beyond light straw.
Can Grade 5 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold formability is poor (min bend radius ~4–5t, high springback); hot form 600–800 °C or use superplastic forming near 900 °C, then descale by molten-salt/acid pickle.
Manufacturability
The process limits FabDigit's quote engine applies to Grade 5. Design inside these and the part quotes instantly; outside them it routes to an engineer.
CNC machining
| Machinability | Fair20 / 100 |
|---|---|
| ISO material group | S.3 |
| Cutting speed (rough / finish) | 60 / 75 m/min |
| Minimum wall | 1 mm |
| Minimum internal radius | 1.5 mm |
| Drill depth limit | 4× diameter |
| Best surface (machined / polished) | Ra 1.6 / 0.8 µm |
| Hardenable after machining | No |
Sheet metal
| Formability | Fair25 / 100 |
|---|---|
| Weldability | Good75 / 100 |
| Bendable | No |
| Minimum bend radius | 4× thickness |
| Sheet thickness range | 0.5 – 6 mm |
| Spring-back | High |
3D printing
| Technologies | DMLS |
|---|---|
| Layer height | 20 – 60 µmdefault 30 µm |
| Minimum wall / feature | 0.5 / 0.3 mm |
| Build envelope | 250 × 250 × 325 mm |
| Supports | Yes |
| Anisotropy | Mild |
| Mandatory post-processing | heat treatment |
Grade 5 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Alα stabilizer | 5.5 – 6.75 | 6 |
| Vβ stabilizer | 3.5 – 4.5 | 4 |
| Fe | ≤ 0.4 | 0.2 |
| O0.13 max for ELI Gr 23 | ≤ 0.2 | 0.16 |
| C | ≤ 0.08 | 0.02 |
| N | ≤ 0.05 | 0.02 |
| H0.0125 max for bar/billet per ASTM B348 | ≤ 0.02 | 0.01 |
| Ywhen specified | ≤ 0.01 | |
| Residuals, eachtotal 0.4 max | ≤ 0.1 | |
| Ti | balance |
What surface finishes work on Grade 5?
Takes colour (Type II) and hard anodize (AMS 2488 Type III) well for anti-galling; can be shot peened for fatigue, bead blasted, polished to mirror; avoid chlorinated cleaners and cadmium/mercury contact.
Surface treatments FabDigit runs on titanium parts — pick them in the quote configurator or call them out on the drawing. Each links to its datasheet in the surface-finish library (thickness, specs, call-out, material verdicts).
Passivation
Conversion Coating
Organic Coating
CVD Coating
Thermal Spray
Equivalent designations
Standards and trade names that resolve to Titanium Grade 5 in FabDigit's catalog. Equivalence is nominal — check the exact specification when certification matters.
- UNS
- R56400
- ASTM
- B265 Gr 5B348
- AMS
- 49114928496569306931
- EN / DIN / Werkstoff-Nr.
- Ti643.71643.7165Ti6Al4V
- ISO
- 5832-3
- GB (China)
- TC4
How much does Grade 5 cost?
Grade 5 is a premium-cost titanium ($$$), pricier than about 59% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Grade 5 — frequently asked
What is Grade 5 used for?
Grade 5 is typically used for aircraft turbine blades and engine hardware, medical implants and instrument bodies, airframe structural fittings and lugs, 3D-printed lattice and bracket structures, motorsport and high-load fasteners and subsea and offshore pressure housings. In short: workhorse aerospace titanium.
What is the yield strength of Grade 5?
Grade 5 has a typical yield strength of 880 MPa (128 ksi) and a tensile strength of 950 MPa (138 ksi) — stronger than 78% of titanium grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 7 listed tempers.
Is Grade 5 easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated poor (20/100, worse than 68% of titanium grades). Low speed (30–60 m/min carbide), heavy positive-rake sharp tooling, rigid setup and flood high-pressure coolant; never dwell in the cut — chips are pyrophoric and work hardening plus low conductivity burns edges.
Can Grade 5 be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated very good (75/100). Excellent by GTAW/EBW/laser with full inert gas or trailing-shield/chamber protection; keep O/N/H pickup low and stress relieve after — welds lose ductility if discoloured beyond light straw.
What surface finishes work on Grade 5?
Takes colour (Type II) and hard anodize (AMS 2488 Type III) well for anti-galling; can be shot peened for fatigue, bead blasted, polished to mirror; avoid chlorinated cleaners and cadmium/mercury contact.
Can Grade 5 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold formability is poor (min bend radius ~4–5t, high springback); hot form 600–800 °C or use superplastic forming near 900 °C, then descale by molten-salt/acid pickle.
What is the maximum service temperature of Grade 5?
Grade 5 is rated for continuous use to about 400°C (752 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between Grade 5-O and Grade 5-STA?
O is the default condition — default stocked condition for bar, plate, sheet and forgings — best balance of strength, ductility and toughness. STA: choose when maximum strength is needed in sections under ~25 mm; ductility and toughness drop. Yield strength is 880 MPa in O versus 1,070 MPa in STA.
How much does Grade 5 cost?
Grade 5 is a premium-cost titanium ($$$), pricier than about 59% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Can FabDigit make parts in Grade 5?
Yes — Grade 5 is available for CNC machining, sheet metal and 3D printing with instant online pricing. Upload a STEP file to get a price and a DFM check.
Sources
- ASTM B348 / B265 — Titanium and Titanium Alloy Bar, Billet, Strip, Sheet and Plate — ASTM International (2021)
- AMS 4911 / AMS 4928 / AMS 4965 — Ti-6Al-4V sheet, bar, STA bar — SAE International (2020)
- ISO 5832-3 — Implants for surgery, wrought Ti-6Al-4V alloy — ISO (2021)
- GB/T 3620.1 / GB/T 2965 — (TC4) — SAC (2016)
- ASTM F2924 / F3001 — Additive manufactured Ti-6Al-4V — ASTM International (2021)
- ASM Materials Properties Handbook: Titanium Alloys — ASM International (1994)
- MMPDS-17, Chapter 5 — Titanium alloys — Battelle/FAA (2022)
- TIMETAL 6-4 technical data sheet — TIMET (2020)
- EOS Titanium Ti64 material data sheet — EOS GmbH (2022)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison; hardness values on non-Brinell scales are converted approximately for charting only. Manufacturability limits are FabDigit quote-engine defaults and may be relaxed by engineering review. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.