Titanium B817 Type I GR2-CLA
Grade · default condition
ASTM B817 Type I
GR2-CLA = type I Grade 2, Class A
The workhorse condition: best balance of strength, ductility and corrosion resistance for MIM/HIP CP-Ti parts.
Values for the GR2-CLA condition
Other B817 Type I tempers and conditions
B817 Type I is listed in 5 conditions; see the grade overview at B817 Type I.
Compare all 5 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type I Grade 1, Class B | Economy press-and-sinter condition for lightly loaded corrosion-resistant parts where residual porosity is acceptable. | 200 | 270 | 12 | 120 HB | 2.7 % IACS |
Type I Grade 1, Class A | Pick when maximum ductility, formability and corrosion resistance are wanted in a fully densified P/M part. | 240 | 330 | 22 | 130 HB | 3.3 % IACS |
Type I Grade 2, Class B | Lower-cost sintered condition for static, corrosion-driven applications where fatigue and toughness are not critical. | 300 | 380 | 9 | 145 HB | 2.6 % IACS |
GR2-CLADefaultThis page Type I Grade 2, Class A | The workhorse condition: best balance of strength, ductility and corrosion resistance for MIM/HIP CP-Ti parts. | 350 | 450 | 18 | 160 HB | 3.1 % IACS |
Hot isostatic pressed | Specify when fatigue-critical or medical parts need near-full density and closed internal porosity. | 380 | 480 | 24 | 165 HB | 17 W/m·K |
What is B817 Type I GR2-CLA?
B817 Type I GR2-CLA is B817 Type I in the GR2-CLA grade — the workhorse condition: best balance of strength, ductility and corrosion resistance for MIM/HIP CP-Ti parts. B817 Type I GR2-CLA has a yield strength of 350 MPa (50.8 ksi) and a tensile strength of 450 MPa (65.3 ksi) — weaker than 79% of titanium grades. Elongation at break is 18% and the elastic modulus is 100 GPa (14.5 Msi). B817 Type I GR2-CLA has a density of 4.42 g/cm³ (0.16 lb/in³), lighter than 96% of titanium grades. It melts at 1,660°C (3,020 °F).
Advantages
- Easy to machine — 35/100, better than 78% of titanium grades
- High electrical conductivity — 3.1 % IACS, better than 75% of titanium grades
Limitations
- High embodied carbon — 48 kg CO₂/kg, worse than 95% of titanium grades
- Low fracture toughness — 55 MPa·√m (50.1 ksi·√in), worse than 90% of titanium grades
- Low strength — 350 MPa (50.8 ksi), worse than 79% of titanium grades
B817 Type I GR2-CLA properties
Typical room-temperature values for B817 Type I GR2-CLA; 22 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are B817 Type I reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among titanium grades.
Physical3
B817 Type I GR2-CLA has a density of 4.42 g/cm³ (0.16 lb/in³), lighter than 96% of titanium grades. It melts at 1,660°C (3,020 °F).
Mechanical16
B817 Type I GR2-CLA has a yield strength of 350 MPa (50.8 ksi) and a tensile strength of 450 MPa (65.3 ksi) — weaker than 79% of titanium grades. Elongation at break is 18% and the elastic modulus is 100 GPa (14.5 Msi).
Thermal6
B817 Type I GR2-CLA is rated for continuous service to 300°C (572 °F). It conducts heat at 16 W/m·K (9.24 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 61% of titanium grades. Thermal expansion is 8.6 µm/m·K (4.78 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
B817 Type I GR2-CLA conducts electricity at 3.1 % IACS, better than 75% of titanium grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is excellent (88/100), worse than 77% of titanium grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of B817 Type I GR2-CLA takes about 750 MJ of energy and emits 48 kg of CO₂ — more than 95% of titanium grades. Typical recycled content is 20%.
Manufacturability7
B817 Type I GR2-CLA's machinability is fair (35/100, better than 78% of titanium grades); weldability very good (75/100); formability good (55/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with B817 Type I GR2-CLA
Is B817 Type I easy to machine?
Machine with sharp uncoated-carbide or PVD tools, low surface speed (25–50 m/min), heavy flood coolant and constant feed; porous Class B parts smear and can tear rather than chip.
Can B817 Type I be welded?
GTAW/laser weld only fully densified (Class A / HIP) parts with trailing argon shields and <0.5 % O pickup; porous Class B outgasses and produces weld porosity.
Can B817 Type I be formed, bent or molded?
Parts are net-shape formed by die pressing or metal injection moulding, then debound and vacuum sintered at 1250–1350 °C with 12–20 % linear shrinkage; secondary coining or HIP raises density.
What surface finishes work on B817 Type I?
Excellent anodizing (color or Type II), passivation per ASTM F86, PVD or bead blasting; thoroughly rinse and dry porous Class B parts before anodizing to avoid trapped electrolyte staining.
B817 Type I chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| NP/M interstitial limit; wrought CP-Ti allows 0.03 | ≤ 0.05 | 0.02 |
| Cresidual binder/lubricant carbon in MIM | ≤ 0.1 | 0.05 |
| Hvacuum dehydrogenation after sintering | ≤ 0.02 | 0.01 |
| FeGrade 1 ≤0.20; Grade 2 ≤0.30 | ≤ 0.3 | 0.15 |
| OGrade 1 lower (≈0.18–0.20); Grade 2 up to ≈0.25–0.30 for P/M | ≤ 0.3 | 0.2 |
| Other, each | ≤ 0.1 | — |
| Other, total | ≤ 0.4 | — |
| Ti | balance | — |
B817 Type I GR2-CLA — frequently asked
What is B817 Type I GR2-CLA used for?
B817 Type I GR2-CLA is typically used for sintered CP-Ti biomedical implants, chemical process fittings, porous filters and diffusers, MIM small hardware and corrosion-resistant sintered parts. In short: net-shape CP titanium; sintered corrosion-resistant parts; class A/B density options.
What is the yield strength of B817 Type I GR2-CLA?
B817 Type I GR2-CLA has a typical yield strength of 350 MPa (50.8 ksi) and a tensile strength of 450 MPa (65.3 ksi) — weaker than 79% of titanium grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 5 listed tempers.
Is B817 Type I GR2-CLA easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated fair (35/100, better than 78% of titanium grades). Machine with sharp uncoated-carbide or PVD tools, low surface speed (25–50 m/min), heavy flood coolant and constant feed; porous Class B parts smear and can tear rather than chip.
Can B817 Type I GR2-CLA be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated very good (75/100). GTAW/laser weld only fully densified (Class A / HIP) parts with trailing argon shields and <0.5 % O pickup; porous Class B outgasses and produces weld porosity.
What surface finishes work on B817 Type I GR2-CLA?
Excellent anodizing (color or Type II), passivation per ASTM F86, PVD or bead blasting; thoroughly rinse and dry porous Class B parts before anodizing to avoid trapped electrolyte staining.
Can B817 Type I GR2-CLA be formed, bent or molded?
Parts are net-shape formed by die pressing or metal injection moulding, then debound and vacuum sintered at 1250–1350 °C with 12–20 % linear shrinkage; secondary coining or HIP raises density.
What is the maximum service temperature of B817 Type I GR2-CLA?
B817 Type I GR2-CLA is rated for continuous use to about 300°C (572 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between B817 Type I GR2-CLA and B817 Type I GR1-CLB?
GR2-CLA is the default condition — the workhorse condition: best balance of strength, ductility and corrosion resistance for MIM/HIP CP-Ti parts. GR1-CLB: economy press-and-sinter condition for lightly loaded corrosion-resistant parts where residual porosity is acceptable. Yield strength is 350 MPa in GR2-CLA versus 200 MPa in GR1-CLB.
Sources
- ASTM B817 — Powder Metallurgy (P/M) Titanium Alloy Structural Components — ASTM International (2008)
- ASTM B348 / ASTM F67 — Unalloyed titanium bar and surgical implant grades — ASTM International (2021)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 7 — Powder Metallurgy (Titanium P/M) — ASM International (2015)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 2 — Properties of Nonferrous Alloys (Titanium) — ASM International (1990)
- MPIF Standard 35 — Materials Standards for Metal Injection Molded Parts — Metal Powder Industries Federation (2018)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.