Steel E470 QT-28-32HRC
Hardness band
EN E470
Tough general-purpose condition for shafts and pins that must still be machinable after heat treatment.
Values for the QT-28-32HRC condition
Other E470 tempers and conditions
E470 is listed in 12 conditions; see the grade overview at E470.
Compare all 12 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Annealed | Pick for maximum machinability, cold heading or before a further hardening operation. | 330 | 600 | 20 | 180 HB | — |
Hot rolled | Lowest-cost mill condition for parts that will be fully machined or subsequently heat treated. | 370 | 680 | 13 | 195 HB | — |
Peeled / turned and polished bar | For larger diameters where decarburised skin must be removed and straightness/roundness matter more than raised yield. | 400 | 700 | 14 | 13 HRC | 9.6 % IACS |
Normalized | Uniform fine pearlitic structure for consistent machining response and moderate strength without quenching. | 420 | 750 | 14 | 225 HB | — |
Lightly cold drawn | Minimal draw pass for tolerance/straightness only, keeping mechanical properties close to the hot-rolled base. | 470 | 690 | 12 | 15 HRC | 9.6 % IACS |
Cold drawn and stress relieved | Choose when machined parts must stay straight — residual drawing stresses removed at ~450–550 °C. | 550 | 690 | 12 | 15 HRC | 9.6 % IACS |
+CDefault Cold drawn | Standard stocked condition: close tolerance, bright surface and raised yield strength for CNC-turned and automatic-lathe parts. | 580 | 700 | 10 | 210 HB | — |
Cold drawn to a specified hardness range | Ordered when a guaranteed hardness band (rather than tensile band) is needed, e.g. for chip control on multi-spindle machines. | 600 | 730 | 9 | 19 HRC | 9.6 % IACS |
QT-28-32HRCThis page quenched and high-temperature tempered | Tough general-purpose condition for shafts and pins that must still be machinable after heat treatment. | 780 | 950 | 16 | 30 HRC | — |
Induction hardened | Selective surface hardening of journals and guide surfaces; high wear resistance with a tough unhardened core. | 780 | 950 | 12 | 58 HRC | 8.6 % IACS |
quenched and medium-temperature tempered | Higher-strength shafting and fastener condition where wear resistance is needed but some toughness must remain. | 1,030 | 1,200 | 12 | 38 HRC | — |
quenched and low-temperature tempered | Wear parts, blades and springs-type components; strong and hard but notch-sensitive and hard to machine. | 1,350 | 1,550 | 8 | 48 HRC | — |
What is E470 QT-28-32HRC?
E470 QT-28-32HRC is E470 heat treated to QT-28-32HRC — tough general-purpose condition for shafts and pins that must still be machinable after heat treatment. E470 QT-28-32HRC has a yield strength of 780 MPa (113 ksi) and a tensile strength of 950 MPa (138 ksi) — stronger than 86% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 16% and the elastic modulus is 205 GPa (29.7 Msi). E470 QT-28-32HRC has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,420°C (2,588 °F). +C is the default condition FabDigit quotes; QT-28-32HRC is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- High strength — 780 MPa (113 ksi), better than 86% of steel grades
- Conducts heat well — 48 W/m·K (27.7 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 79% of steel grades
- High electrical conductivity — 9.6 % IACS, better than 78% of steel grades
Limitations
- Low fracture toughness — 50 MPa·√m (45.5 ksi·√in), worse than 86% of steel grades
E470 QT-28-32HRC properties
Typical room-temperature values for E470 QT-28-32HRC; 13 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are E470 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
E470 QT-28-32HRC has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,420°C (2,588 °F).
Mechanical17
E470 QT-28-32HRC has a yield strength of 780 MPa (113 ksi) and a tensile strength of 950 MPa (138 ksi) — stronger than 86% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 16% and the elastic modulus is 205 GPa (29.7 Msi).
Thermal6
E470 QT-28-32HRC is rated for continuous service to 400°C (752 °F). It conducts heat at 48 W/m·K (27.7 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 79% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 11.5 µm/m·K (6.39 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
E470 QT-28-32HRC conducts electricity at 9.6 % IACS, better than 78% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is not recommended (10/100), worse than 86% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of E470 QT-28-32HRC takes about 25 MJ of energy and emits 2 kg of CO₂ — less than 82% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 30%.
Manufacturability7
E470 QT-28-32HRC's machinability is fair (45/100, worse than 65% of steel grades); weldability poor (32/100); formability poor (25/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with E470 QT-28-32HRC
Is E470 easy to machine?
Machines predictably at ~55–60 % of AISI 1212; use rigid setups, coated carbide and good chip breakers — annealed or Q&T ≤32 HRC gives the best surface, above 40 HRC prefer CBN or grinding.
Can E470 be welded?
Poor weldability (CE ≈ 0.6–0.7): preheat 200–300 °C, use low-hydrogen consumables and temper after welding to avoid martensitic cracking in the HAZ.
Can E470 be formed, bent or molded?
Hot forge 1100–850 °C then normalize; cold bending/heading only in the +A condition and with generous bend radii — cold-drawn bar has little remaining ductility.
What surface finishes work on E470?
No inherent corrosion resistance — protect with oil, black oxide, manganese phosphate, zinc plating or paint; hard chrome and induction-hardened-then-ground surfaces are common for shafts.
E470 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Cmedium-carbon range corresponding to 1055/1060 | 0.5 – 0.6 | 0.55 |
| Si | 0.1 – 0.4 | 0.25 |
| Mn | 0.5 – 0.9 | 0.7 |
| P | ≤ 0.05 | 0.02 |
| Smax; free-cutting variants order higher S separately | ≤ 0.05 | 0.03 |
| Febalance plus residual Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo | balance | — |
E470 QT-28-32HRC — frequently asked
What is E470 QT-28-32HRC used for?
E470 QT-28-32HRC is typically used for cold-drawn precision shafts, bright bar stock, machine bushings, pins and small load-bearing components. In short: hardenable bright bar; high strength as-drawn; poor weldability, low formability.
What is the yield strength of E470 QT-28-32HRC?
E470 QT-28-32HRC has a typical yield strength of 780 MPa (113 ksi) and a tensile strength of 950 MPa (138 ksi) — stronger than 86% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 12 listed tempers.
Is E470 QT-28-32HRC easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated fair (45/100, worse than 65% of steel grades). Machines predictably at ~55–60 % of AISI 1212; use rigid setups, coated carbide and good chip breakers — annealed or Q&T ≤32 HRC gives the best surface, above 40 HRC prefer CBN or grinding.
Can E470 QT-28-32HRC be welded?
Not readily — weldability is rated poor (32/100). Poor weldability (CE ≈ 0.6–0.7): preheat 200–300 °C, use low-hydrogen consumables and temper after welding to avoid martensitic cracking in the HAZ.
What surface finishes work on E470 QT-28-32HRC?
No inherent corrosion resistance — protect with oil, black oxide, manganese phosphate, zinc plating or paint; hard chrome and induction-hardened-then-ground surfaces are common for shafts.
Can E470 QT-28-32HRC be formed, bent or molded?
Hot forge 1100–850 °C then normalize; cold bending/heading only in the +A condition and with generous bend radii — cold-drawn bar has little remaining ductility.
What is the maximum service temperature of E470 QT-28-32HRC?
E470 QT-28-32HRC is rated for continuous use to about 400°C (752 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between E470 +C and E470-HR?
+C is the default condition — standard stocked condition: close tolerance, bright surface and raised yield strength for CNC-turned and automatic-lathe parts. HR: lowest-cost mill condition for parts that will be fully machined or subsequently heat treated. Yield strength is 580 MPa in +C versus 370 MPa in HR.
Sources
- EN 10277 — Bright steel products: technical delivery conditions — CEN (2018)
- EN 10083-2 — Steels for quenching and tempering: non-alloy steels — CEN (2006)
- SAE J403 / J1397 — Chemical compositions and estimated mechanical properties of carbon steels (1055, 1060) — SAE International (2009)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol.16 — Machining (machinability ratings) — ASM International (1989)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.