Stainless Steel 1.4516 Annealed-1D
Heat-treated state
EN 1.4516
Annealed-1D = hot rolled, annealed and pickled plate/strip
Thicker gauges (>3 mm) for structural or heat-shield parts where surface finish is unimportant.
Values for the Annealed-1D condition
Other 1.4516 tempers and conditions
1.4516 is listed in 3 conditions; see the grade overview at 1.4516.
- Annealed-1D
- Annealed-2B
- CD
Compare all 3 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Annealed-1DThis page Hot rolled, annealed and pickled plate/strip | Thicker gauges (>3 mm) for structural or heat-shield parts where surface finish is unimportant. | 300 | 470 | 24 | 150 HB | 2.9 % IACS |
Annealed-2BDefault Annealed, cold rolled sheet/coil | Standard stocked condition for exhaust and formed parts — best combination of formability and weldability. | 320 | 490 | 26 | 155 HB | 2.9 % IACS |
Cold drawn | Bar stock with raised strength and tight tolerance for machined fittings and shafts in mild service. | 480 | 600 | 14 | 12 HRC | 2.9 % IACS |
What is 1.4516 Annealed-1D?
1.4516 Annealed-1D is 1.4516 heat treated to Annealed-1D — thicker gauges (>3 mm) for structural or heat-shield parts where surface finish is unimportant. 1.4516 Annealed-1D has a yield strength of 300 MPa (43.5 ksi) and a tensile strength of 470 MPa (68.2 ksi) — weaker than 68% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 24% and the elastic modulus is 220 GPa (31.9 Msi). 1.4516 Annealed-1D has a density of 7.7 g/cm³ (0.278 lb/in³), lighter than 83% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,450°C (2,642 °F). Annealed-2B is the default condition FabDigit quotes; Annealed-1D is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- Easy to machine — 55/100, better than 94% of stainless steel grades
- Conducts heat well — 25 W/m·K (14.4 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 93% of stainless steel grades
- High electrical conductivity — 2.9 % IACS, better than 87% of stainless steel grades
- Low embodied carbon — 3.6 kg CO₂/kg, better than 83% of stainless steel grades
Limitations
- Needs corrosion protection — 32/100, worse than 99% of stainless steel grades
- Hard to polish — 55/100, worse than 89% of stainless steel grades
- Low fracture toughness — 85 MPa·√m (77.4 ksi·√in), worse than 77% of stainless steel grades
1.4516 Annealed-1D properties
Typical room-temperature values for 1.4516 Annealed-1D; 22 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are 1.4516 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among stainless steel grades.
Physical3
1.4516 Annealed-1D has a density of 7.7 g/cm³ (0.278 lb/in³), lighter than 83% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,450°C (2,642 °F).
Mechanical16
1.4516 Annealed-1D has a yield strength of 300 MPa (43.5 ksi) and a tensile strength of 470 MPa (68.2 ksi) — weaker than 68% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 24% and the elastic modulus is 220 GPa (31.9 Msi).
Thermal6
1.4516 Annealed-1D is rated for continuous service to 650°C (1,202 °F). It conducts heat at 25 W/m·K (14.4 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 93% of stainless steel grades. Thermal expansion is 10.5 µm/m·K (5.83 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
1.4516 Annealed-1D conducts electricity at 2.9 % IACS, better than 87% of stainless steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is poor (32/100), worse than 99% of stainless steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 1.4516 Annealed-1D takes about 50 MJ of energy and emits 3.6 kg of CO₂ — less than 80% of stainless steel grades. Typical recycled content is 60%.
Manufacturability7
1.4516 Annealed-1D's machinability is good (55/100, better than 94% of stainless steel grades); weldability very good (78/100); formability good (62/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with 1.4516 Annealed-1D
Is 1.4516 easy to machine?
Machines more freely than 304 (short-ish chips, lower work hardening); use sharp positive-rake carbide, 60–120 m/min, generous coolant to avoid built-up edge.
Can 1.4516 be welded?
Readily welded by TIG/MIG/laser/resistance without post-weld anneal thanks to Ti stabilization; limit heat input and use 309L or matching Ti-stabilized filler, avoid excessive grain growth in thick sections.
Can 1.4516 be formed, bent or molded?
Good roll-forming, bending and moderate deep drawing; lower n-value than austenitics so allow larger bend radii (≥1t) and watch for ridging/roping in draw direction.
What surface finishes work on 1.4516?
Not anodizable — pickle and passivate after welding, or apply aluminized/organic coatings for cosmetic or long-term wet exposure; electropolishing gives a modest brightness improvement.
1.4516 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| C'X6' designation ≈ 0.06 % C typical | ≤ 0.08 | 0.05 |
| Si | ≤ 1 | 0.4 |
| Mn | ≤ 1 | 0.5 |
| P | ≤ 0.04 | — |
| S | ≤ 0.02 | — |
| Cr | 10.5 – 12.5 | 11.5 |
| Nitoughness enhancer, distinguishes 1.4516 from 1.4512 | 0.5 – 1.5 | 1 |
| Ti≥6×C, stabilizes carbon/nitrogen | 0.3 – 1 | 0.4 |
| Fe | balance | — |
1.4516 Annealed-1D — frequently asked
What is 1.4516 Annealed-1D used for?
1.4516 Annealed-1D is typically used for exhaust systems, heat shields and low-stress structural trim. In short: low-cost 12Cr ferritic; weldable without post-anneal; exhaust and heat-shield grade.
What is the yield strength of 1.4516 Annealed-1D?
1.4516 Annealed-1D has a typical yield strength of 300 MPa (43.5 ksi) and a tensile strength of 470 MPa (68.2 ksi) — weaker than 68% of stainless steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 3 listed tempers.
Is 1.4516 Annealed-1D easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated good (55/100, better than 94% of stainless steel grades). Machines more freely than 304 (short-ish chips, lower work hardening); use sharp positive-rake carbide, 60–120 m/min, generous coolant to avoid built-up edge.
Can 1.4516 Annealed-1D be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated very good (78/100). Readily welded by TIG/MIG/laser/resistance without post-weld anneal thanks to Ti stabilization; limit heat input and use 309L or matching Ti-stabilized filler, avoid excessive grain growth in thick sections.
What surface finishes work on 1.4516 Annealed-1D?
Not anodizable — pickle and passivate after welding, or apply aluminized/organic coatings for cosmetic or long-term wet exposure; electropolishing gives a modest brightness improvement.
Can 1.4516 Annealed-1D be formed, bent or molded?
Good roll-forming, bending and moderate deep drawing; lower n-value than austenitics so allow larger bend radii (≥1t) and watch for ridging/roping in draw direction.
What is the maximum service temperature of 1.4516 Annealed-1D?
1.4516 Annealed-1D is rated for continuous use to about 650°C (1,202 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 1.4516 Annealed-2B and 1.4516-CD?
Annealed-2B is the default condition — standard stocked condition for exhaust and formed parts — best combination of formability and weldability. CD: bar stock with raised strength and tight tolerance for machined fittings and shafts in mild service. Yield strength is 320 MPa in Annealed-2B versus 480 MPa in CD.
Sources
- EN 10088-1 Stainless steels — List of stainless steels — CEN (2014)
- EN 10088-2 Technical delivery conditions for sheet/plate and strip for general purposes — CEN (2014)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- Ferritic stainless steels for automotive exhaust systems (12Cr Ti-stabilized grades) — Outokumpu / Aperam (2020)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.