Titanium Ti Grade 16 Annealed
Temper · default condition
UNS R52402
Standard stocked condition for heat-exchanger tube, plate and vessel internals in hot chloride or reducing-acid service.
Values for the Annealed condition
Other Ti Grade 16 tempers and conditions
Ti Grade 16 is listed in 3 conditions; see the grade overview at Ti Grade 16.
Compare all 3 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AnnealedDefaultThis page mill annealed sheet, plate, bar, tube (ASTM B265/B338/B348 Grade 16) | Standard stocked condition for heat-exchanger tube, plate and vessel internals in hot chloride or reducing-acid service. | 380 | 460 | 26 | 150 HB | — |
Grade 16H | Choose when a code case or nuclear-waste-package design needs a higher guaranteed minimum strength without changing the Pd-bearing chemistry. | 400 | 520 | 24 | 165 HB | 3.1 % IACS |
Cold worked and stress relieved | Cold-drawn condenser tubing and small-diameter bar where extra strength and tight tolerances matter more than maximum ductility. | 480 | 560 | 16 | 185 HB | 3 % IACS |
What is Ti Grade 16 Annealed?
Ti Grade 16 Annealed is Ti Grade 16 in the Annealed temper — standard stocked condition for heat-exchanger tube, plate and vessel internals in hot chloride or reducing-acid service. Ti Grade 16 Annealed has a yield strength of 380 MPa (55.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 460 MPa (66.7 ksi) — weaker than 73% of titanium grades. Elongation at break is 26% and the elastic modulus is 105 GPa (15.2 Msi). Ti Grade 16 Annealed has a density of 4.51 g/cm³ (0.163 lb/in³), heavier than 57% of titanium grades. It melts at 1,665°C (3,029 °F).
Advantages
- Ductile — tolerates forming and impact — 26%, better than 86% of titanium grades
- Easy to machine — 38/100, better than 85% of titanium grades
- Forms and bends easily — 72/100, better than 78% of titanium grades
- High electrical conductivity — 3.1 % IACS, better than 75% of titanium grades
Ti Grade 16 Annealed properties
Typical room-temperature values for Ti Grade 16 Annealed; 12 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are Ti Grade 16 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among titanium grades.
Physical3
Ti Grade 16 Annealed has a density of 4.51 g/cm³ (0.163 lb/in³), heavier than 57% of titanium grades. It melts at 1,665°C (3,029 °F).
Mechanical16
Ti Grade 16 Annealed has a yield strength of 380 MPa (55.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 460 MPa (66.7 ksi) — weaker than 73% of titanium grades. Elongation at break is 26% and the elastic modulus is 105 GPa (15.2 Msi).
Thermal6
Ti Grade 16 Annealed is rated for continuous service to 300°C (572 °F). It conducts heat at 16.4 W/m·K (9.48 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 71% of titanium grades. Thermal expansion is 8.6 µm/m·K (4.78 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
Ti Grade 16 Annealed conducts electricity at 3.1 % IACS, better than 75% of titanium grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is excellent (96/100), better than 92% of titanium grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of Ti Grade 16 Annealed takes about 700 MJ of energy and emits 44 kg of CO₂ — more than 74% of titanium grades. Typical recycled content is 25%.
Manufacturability8
Ti Grade 16 Annealed's machinability is fair (38/100, better than 85% of titanium grades); weldability excellent (88/100); formability very good (72/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with Ti Grade 16 Annealed
Is Ti Grade 16 easy to machine?
Machine like CP Ti Grade 2: slow surface speed, heavy positive-rake sharp tools, high feed and flood coolant to avoid work hardening, galling and chip ignition.
Can Ti Grade 16 be welded?
Excellent GTAW/plasma/EB weldability with matching or Gr7/Gr16 filler; requires trailing shield and back purge to below ~30 ppm oxygen — a straw/blue weld colour means the joint must be removed.
Can Ti Grade 16 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold forms readily at 3–5 t bend radii with generous springback allowance; warm forming at 200–350 °C for tight radii, and lubricate to prevent galling on dies.
What surface finishes work on Ti Grade 16?
Pickle in HNO3/HF after hot work to remove alpha case, then bead blast, polish or colour anodise; avoid iron contamination from steel tooling, which creates rust staining and local corrosion sites.
Ti Grade 16 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Pdpalladium addition for crevice/reducing-acid resistance | 0.04 – 0.08 | 0.05 |
| Fe | ≤ 0.3 | 0.15 |
| O | ≤ 0.25 | 0.15 |
| C | ≤ 0.08 | 0.02 |
| N | ≤ 0.03 | 0.01 |
| H0.0125 max for bar/billet per ASTM B348 | ≤ 0.02 | 0.01 |
| Other, each | ≤ 0.1 | — |
| Other, total | ≤ 0.4 | — |
| Ti | balance | — |
Ti Grade 16 Annealed — frequently asked
What is Ti Grade 16 Annealed used for?
Ti Grade 16 Annealed is typically used for chemical process piping, desalination equipment and pulp and paper bleach plant components. In short: low-Pd Grade 7 substitute; weldable crevice-resistant CP titanium; cheaper than Grade 7.
What is the yield strength of Ti Grade 16 Annealed?
Ti Grade 16 Annealed has a typical yield strength of 380 MPa (55.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 460 MPa (66.7 ksi) — weaker than 73% of titanium grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 3 listed tempers.
Is Ti Grade 16 Annealed easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated fair (38/100, better than 85% of titanium grades). Machine like CP Ti Grade 2: slow surface speed, heavy positive-rake sharp tools, high feed and flood coolant to avoid work hardening, galling and chip ignition.
Can Ti Grade 16 Annealed be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated excellent (88/100). Excellent GTAW/plasma/EB weldability with matching or Gr7/Gr16 filler; requires trailing shield and back purge to below ~30 ppm oxygen — a straw/blue weld colour means the joint must be removed.
What surface finishes work on Ti Grade 16 Annealed?
Pickle in HNO3/HF after hot work to remove alpha case, then bead blast, polish or colour anodise; avoid iron contamination from steel tooling, which creates rust staining and local corrosion sites.
Can Ti Grade 16 Annealed be formed, bent or molded?
Cold forms readily at 3–5 t bend radii with generous springback allowance; warm forming at 200–350 °C for tight radii, and lubricate to prevent galling on dies.
What is the maximum service temperature of Ti Grade 16 Annealed?
Ti Grade 16 Annealed is rated for continuous use to about 300°C (572 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between Ti Grade 16 Annealed and Ti Grade 16 CWSR?
Annealed is the default condition — standard stocked condition for heat-exchanger tube, plate and vessel internals in hot chloride or reducing-acid service. CWSR: cold-drawn condenser tubing and small-diameter bar where extra strength and tight tolerances matter more than maximum ductility. Yield strength is 380 MPa in Annealed versus 480 MPa in CWSR.
Sources
- ASTM B265 — Titanium and Titanium Alloy Strip, Sheet, and Plate — ASTM International (2020)
- ASTM B348 — Titanium and Titanium Alloy Bars and Billets — ASTM International (2021)
- ASTM B338 — Seamless and Welded Titanium Tubes for Condensers and Heat Exchangers — ASTM International (2021)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 2 — Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- Corrosion of Titanium and Titanium Alloys (ASM Handbook Vol. 13B) — ASM International (2005)
- Titanium Grade 16 / Pd-enhanced CP titanium product data — TIMET / ATI (2022)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.