Titanium Ti Grade 16 CWSR
Heat-treated state
UNS R52402
CWSR = cold worked and stress relieved
Cold-drawn condenser tubing and small-diameter bar where extra strength and tight tolerances matter more than maximum ductility.
Values for the CWSR condition
Other Ti Grade 16 tempers and conditions
Ti Grade 16 is listed in 3 conditions; see the grade overview at Ti Grade 16.
Compare all 3 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AnnealedDefault mill annealed sheet, plate, bar, tube (ASTM B265/B338/B348 Grade 16) | Standard stocked condition for heat-exchanger tube, plate and vessel internals in hot chloride or reducing-acid service. | 380 | 460 | 26 | 150 HB | — |
Grade 16H | Choose when a code case or nuclear-waste-package design needs a higher guaranteed minimum strength without changing the Pd-bearing chemistry. | 400 | 520 | 24 | 165 HB | 3.1 % IACS |
CWSRThis page Cold worked and stress relieved | Cold-drawn condenser tubing and small-diameter bar where extra strength and tight tolerances matter more than maximum ductility. | 480 | 560 | 16 | 185 HB | 3 % IACS |
What is Ti Grade 16 CWSR?
Ti Grade 16 CWSR is Ti Grade 16 heat treated to CWSR — cold-drawn condenser tubing and small-diameter bar where extra strength and tight tolerances matter more than maximum ductility. Ti Grade 16 CWSR has a yield strength of 480 MPa (69.6 ksi) and a tensile strength of 560 MPa (81.2 ksi) — weaker than 62% of titanium grades. Elongation at break is 16% and the elastic modulus is 105 GPa (15.2 Msi). Ti Grade 16 CWSR has a density of 4.51 g/cm³ (0.163 lb/in³), heavier than 57% of titanium grades. It melts at 1,665°C (3,029 °F). Annealed is the default condition FabDigit quotes; CWSR is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- Easy to machine — 40/100, better than 93% of titanium grades
Limitations
- Limited service temperature — 250°C (482 °F), worse than 99% of titanium grades
- Low fracture toughness — 60 MPa·√m (54.6 ksi·√in), worse than 83% of titanium grades
Ti Grade 16 CWSR properties
Typical room-temperature values for Ti Grade 16 CWSR; 22 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are Ti Grade 16 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among titanium grades.
Physical3
Ti Grade 16 CWSR has a density of 4.51 g/cm³ (0.163 lb/in³), heavier than 57% of titanium grades. It melts at 1,665°C (3,029 °F).
Mechanical16
Ti Grade 16 CWSR has a yield strength of 480 MPa (69.6 ksi) and a tensile strength of 560 MPa (81.2 ksi) — weaker than 62% of titanium grades. Elongation at break is 16% and the elastic modulus is 105 GPa (15.2 Msi).
Thermal6
Ti Grade 16 CWSR is rated for continuous service to 250°C (482 °F). It conducts heat at 16 W/m·K (9.24 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 61% of titanium grades. Thermal expansion is 8.6 µm/m·K (4.78 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
Ti Grade 16 CWSR conducts electricity at 3 % IACS, better than 60% of titanium grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is excellent (95/100), better than 83% of titanium grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of Ti Grade 16 CWSR takes about 700 MJ of energy and emits 44 kg of CO₂ — more than 74% of titanium grades. Typical recycled content is 25%.
Manufacturability8
Ti Grade 16 CWSR's machinability is fair (40/100, better than 93% of titanium grades); weldability very good (82/100); formability fair (45/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with Ti Grade 16 CWSR
Is Ti Grade 16 easy to machine?
Machine like CP Ti Grade 2: slow surface speed, heavy positive-rake sharp tools, high feed and flood coolant to avoid work hardening, galling and chip ignition.
Can Ti Grade 16 be welded?
Excellent GTAW/plasma/EB weldability with matching or Gr7/Gr16 filler; requires trailing shield and back purge to below ~30 ppm oxygen — a straw/blue weld colour means the joint must be removed.
Can Ti Grade 16 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold forms readily at 3–5 t bend radii with generous springback allowance; warm forming at 200–350 °C for tight radii, and lubricate to prevent galling on dies.
What surface finishes work on Ti Grade 16?
Pickle in HNO3/HF after hot work to remove alpha case, then bead blast, polish or colour anodise; avoid iron contamination from steel tooling, which creates rust staining and local corrosion sites.
Ti Grade 16 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Pdpalladium addition for crevice/reducing-acid resistance | 0.04 – 0.08 | 0.05 |
| Fe | ≤ 0.3 | 0.15 |
| O | ≤ 0.25 | 0.15 |
| C | ≤ 0.08 | 0.02 |
| N | ≤ 0.03 | 0.01 |
| H0.0125 max for bar/billet per ASTM B348 | ≤ 0.02 | 0.01 |
| Other, each | ≤ 0.1 | — |
| Other, total | ≤ 0.4 | — |
| Ti | balance | — |
Ti Grade 16 CWSR — frequently asked
What is Ti Grade 16 CWSR used for?
Ti Grade 16 CWSR is typically used for chemical process piping, desalination equipment and pulp and paper bleach plant components. In short: low-Pd Grade 7 substitute; weldable crevice-resistant CP titanium; cheaper than Grade 7.
What is the yield strength of Ti Grade 16 CWSR?
Ti Grade 16 CWSR has a typical yield strength of 480 MPa (69.6 ksi) and a tensile strength of 560 MPa (81.2 ksi) — weaker than 62% of titanium grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 3 listed tempers.
Is Ti Grade 16 CWSR easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated fair (40/100, better than 93% of titanium grades). Machine like CP Ti Grade 2: slow surface speed, heavy positive-rake sharp tools, high feed and flood coolant to avoid work hardening, galling and chip ignition.
Can Ti Grade 16 CWSR be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated very good (82/100). Excellent GTAW/plasma/EB weldability with matching or Gr7/Gr16 filler; requires trailing shield and back purge to below ~30 ppm oxygen — a straw/blue weld colour means the joint must be removed.
What surface finishes work on Ti Grade 16 CWSR?
Pickle in HNO3/HF after hot work to remove alpha case, then bead blast, polish or colour anodise; avoid iron contamination from steel tooling, which creates rust staining and local corrosion sites.
Can Ti Grade 16 CWSR be formed, bent or molded?
Cold forms readily at 3–5 t bend radii with generous springback allowance; warm forming at 200–350 °C for tight radii, and lubricate to prevent galling on dies.
What is the maximum service temperature of Ti Grade 16 CWSR?
Ti Grade 16 CWSR is rated for continuous use to about 250°C (482 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between Ti Grade 16 Annealed and Ti Grade 16 CWSR?
Annealed is the default condition — standard stocked condition for heat-exchanger tube, plate and vessel internals in hot chloride or reducing-acid service. CWSR: cold-drawn condenser tubing and small-diameter bar where extra strength and tight tolerances matter more than maximum ductility. Yield strength is 380 MPa in Annealed versus 480 MPa in CWSR.
Sources
- ASTM B265 — Titanium and Titanium Alloy Strip, Sheet, and Plate — ASTM International (2020)
- ASTM B348 — Titanium and Titanium Alloy Bars and Billets — ASTM International (2021)
- ASTM B338 — Seamless and Welded Titanium Tubes for Condensers and Heat Exchangers — ASTM International (2021)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 2 — Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- Corrosion of Titanium and Titanium Alloys (ASM Handbook Vol. 13B) — ASM International (2005)
- Titanium Grade 16 / Pd-enhanced CP titanium product data — TIMET / ATI (2022)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.