Titanium Grade 27-ANN (Annealed)
Heat-treated state · default condition
ASTM Grade 27 · UNS R52254
Standard stocked condition for corrosion equipment: maximum ductility and formability, meets ASTM B265/B338/B348 Grade 27 minima.
Values for the ANN condition
Other Grade 27 tempers and conditions
Grade 27 is listed in 4 conditions; see the grade overview at Grade 27.
Compare all 4 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ANNDefaultThis page Annealed | Standard stocked condition for corrosion equipment: maximum ductility and formability, meets ASTM B265/B338/B348 Grade 27 minima. | 230 | 330 | 32 | 120 HB | — |
As-welded deposit | Reference condition for welded pipe/vessel joints — weld metal is slightly stronger and less ductile than base metal, corrosion behaviour essentially unchanged. | 260 | 350 | 22 | 143 HB | 3.1 % IACS |
Cold worked + stress relieved | Use for cold-formed or machined parts where residual stress must be removed while keeping most of the cold-work strength. | 390 | 470 | 18 | 9 HRC | 3 % IACS |
Cold worked | Pick when higher strength/stiffness in small sections is needed and residual formability is not required. | 450 | 520 | 14 | 190 HB | — |
What is Grade 27-ANN?
Grade 27-ANN is Grade 27 heat treated to ANN — standard stocked condition for corrosion equipment: maximum ductility and formability, meets ASTM B265/B338/B348 Grade 27 minima. Grade 27-ANN has a yield strength of 230 MPa (33.4 ksi) and a tensile strength of 330 MPa (47.9 ksi) — weaker than 93% of titanium grades. Elongation at break is 32% and the elastic modulus is 103 GPa (14.9 Msi). Grade 27-ANN has a density of 4.51 g/cm³ (0.163 lb/in³), heavier than 57% of titanium grades. It melts at 1,665°C (3,029 °F).
Advantages
- Ductile — tolerates forming and impact — 32%, better than 98% of titanium grades
- Readily welded — 92/100, better than 97% of titanium grades
- Forms and bends easily — 88/100, better than 94% of titanium grades
- Easy to machine — 40/100, better than 93% of titanium grades
- Tough — resists crack growth — 85 MPa·√m (77.4 ksi·√in), better than 91% of titanium grades
Limitations
- Low strength — 230 MPa (33.4 ksi), worse than 93% of titanium grades
Grade 27-ANN properties
Typical room-temperature values for Grade 27-ANN; 14 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are Grade 27 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among titanium grades.
Physical3
Grade 27-ANN has a density of 4.51 g/cm³ (0.163 lb/in³), heavier than 57% of titanium grades. It melts at 1,665°C (3,029 °F).
Mechanical16
Grade 27-ANN has a yield strength of 230 MPa (33.4 ksi) and a tensile strength of 330 MPa (47.9 ksi) — weaker than 93% of titanium grades. Elongation at break is 32% and the elastic modulus is 103 GPa (14.9 Msi).
Thermal6
Grade 27-ANN is rated for continuous service to 315°C (599 °F). It conducts heat at 16.4 W/m·K (9.48 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 71% of titanium grades. Thermal expansion is 8.6 µm/m·K (4.78 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
Grade 27-ANN conducts electricity at 3.1 % IACS, better than 75% of titanium grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is excellent (96/100), better than 92% of titanium grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of Grade 27-ANN takes about 680 MJ of energy and emits 42 kg of CO₂ — more than 51% of titanium grades. Typical recycled content is 25%.
Manufacturability8
Grade 27-ANN's machinability is fair (40/100, better than 93% of titanium grades); weldability excellent (92/100); formability excellent (88/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with Grade 27-ANN
Is Grade 27 easy to machine?
Machine like CP Ti Grade 1: sharp uncoated-carbide or PVD tools, low surface speed (30–50 m/min), heavy positive rake, generous flood coolant, avoid dwelling — gummy chips and galling are the main issues; keep chips away from ignition sources.
Can Grade 27 be welded?
Excellent GTAW/PAW/EBW weldability with matching Grade 27 or CP Ti filler; requires trailing shield and back purge to keep weld and HAZ below ~200 ppm oxygen pickup (bright silver bead), no preheat or PWHT needed.
Can Grade 27 be formed, bent or molded?
Very ductile — cold bend radii down to ~2t in thin sheet, deep drawing and roll forming feasible; allow for high springback and lubricate to prevent galling, warm form at 200–350 °C for tight radii.
What surface finishes work on Grade 27?
Pickle in HNO₃/HF to remove alpha case after hot work, then passivate; colour anodizing (AMS 2488 Type II) and shot peening are common; avoid iron contamination from steel tooling and use dedicated grinding media.
Grade 27 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Ruruthenium cathodic modifier | 0.08 – 0.14 | 0.1 |
| Fe | ≤ 0.2 | 0.08 |
| OGrade 1 base oxygen limit | ≤ 0.18 | 0.1 |
| C | ≤ 0.08 | 0.02 |
| N | ≤ 0.03 | 0.01 |
| H0.0125 % max for some product forms | ≤ 0.02 | 0.01 |
| Residuals (each)total residuals 0.4 % max | ≤ 0.1 | — |
| Ti | balance | — |
Grade 27-ANN — frequently asked
What is Grade 27-ANN used for?
Grade 27-ANN is typically used for formed chemical process tanks, welded process piping and spools, thin-wall heat exchanger tubing, vessel linings and cladding, dished heads and spun components and bellows and diaphragms. In short: palladium-free Grade 17 substitute; top corrosion resistance rating; ductile, highly weldable titanium.
What is the yield strength of Grade 27-ANN?
Grade 27-ANN has a typical yield strength of 230 MPa (33.4 ksi) and a tensile strength of 330 MPa (47.9 ksi) — weaker than 93% of titanium grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 4 listed tempers.
Is Grade 27-ANN easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated fair (40/100, better than 93% of titanium grades). Machine like CP Ti Grade 1: sharp uncoated-carbide or PVD tools, low surface speed (30–50 m/min), heavy positive rake, generous flood coolant, avoid dwelling — gummy chips and galling are the main issues; keep chips away from ignition sources.
Can Grade 27-ANN be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated excellent (92/100). Excellent GTAW/PAW/EBW weldability with matching Grade 27 or CP Ti filler; requires trailing shield and back purge to keep weld and HAZ below ~200 ppm oxygen pickup (bright silver bead), no preheat or PWHT needed.
What surface finishes work on Grade 27-ANN?
Pickle in HNO₃/HF to remove alpha case after hot work, then passivate; colour anodizing (AMS 2488 Type II) and shot peening are common; avoid iron contamination from steel tooling and use dedicated grinding media.
Can Grade 27-ANN be formed, bent or molded?
Very ductile — cold bend radii down to ~2t in thin sheet, deep drawing and roll forming feasible; allow for high springback and lubricate to prevent galling, warm form at 200–350 °C for tight radii.
What is the maximum service temperature of Grade 27-ANN?
Grade 27-ANN is rated for continuous use to about 315°C (599 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between Grade 27-ANN and Grade 27-CW?
ANN is the default condition — standard stocked condition for corrosion equipment: maximum ductility and formability, meets ASTM B265/B338/B348 Grade 27 minima. CW: pick when higher strength/stiffness in small sections is needed and residual formability is not required. Yield strength is 230 MPa in ANN versus 450 MPa in CW.
Sources
- ASTM B265 — Titanium and Titanium Alloy Strip, Sheet, and Plate — ASTM International (2020)
- ASTM B348/B348M — Titanium and Titanium Alloy Bars and Billets — ASTM International (2021)
- ASTM B338 — Seamless and Welded Titanium Tubes for Condensers and Heat Exchangers — ASTM International (2021)
- ASTM B861/B862 — Titanium Pipe (seamless / welded) — ASTM International (2022)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 2 — Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials — ASM International (1990)
- Materials Properties Handbook: Titanium Alloys — ASM International (1994)
- Titanium corrosion-resistant grades (Gr.7/11/16/17/26/27) technical data — TIMET / Baoji Titanium Industry (2022)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.