Stainless Steel S43940 Annealed 2D
Finish state
UNS S43940
Choose the non-skin-passed dull matte cold-rolled and pickled finish for deep-drawn parts, where the rougher surface retains lubricant and formability edges above 2B.
Values for the Annealed 2D condition
Other S43940 tempers and conditions
S43940 is listed in 3 conditions; see the grade overview at S43940.
- Annealed 2D
- Annealed 2B
- Temper Rolled
Compare all 3 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Annealed 2DThis page 2D | Choose the non-skin-passed dull matte cold-rolled and pickled finish for deep-drawn parts, where the rougher surface retains lubricant and formability edges above 2B. | 290 | 470 | 33 | 150 HB | 2.9 % IACS |
Annealed 2BDefault Cold rolled, annealed, pickled, skin passed | Pick this cold-rolled, annealed, pickled and skin-passed default for stamped and welded exhaust parts; 32 % elongation and a uniform surface suit forming and joining. | 300 | 480 | 32 | 155 HB | — |
Temper rolled / lightly cold worked strip (≈1/4 hard) | Use temper-rolled, lightly cold-worked strip (about 1/4 hard) for clamps, gaskets and formed coil needing 450 MPa yield and flatness; elongation drops to 14 %. | 450 | 550 | 14 | 195 HB | 2.9 % IACS |
What is S43940 Annealed 2D?
S43940 Annealed 2D is S43940 supplied in the Annealed 2D condition — choose the non-skin-passed dull matte cold-rolled and pickled finish for deep-drawn parts, where the rougher surface retains lubricant and formability edges above 2B. S43940 Annealed 2D has a yield strength of 290 MPa (42.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 470 MPa (68.2 ksi) — weaker than 72% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 33% and the elastic modulus is 210 GPa (30.5 Msi). S43940 Annealed 2D has a density of 7.7 g/cm³ (0.278 lb/in³), lighter than 83% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,450°C (2,642 °F). Annealed 2B is the default condition FabDigit quotes; Annealed 2D is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- Low embodied carbon — 3.2 kg CO₂/kg, better than 95% of stainless steel grades
- Conducts heat well — 25 W/m·K (14.4 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 93% of stainless steel grades
- Forms and bends easily — 80/100, better than 93% of stainless steel grades
- Readily welded — 88/100, better than 91% of stainless steel grades
- Easy to machine — 50/100, better than 90% of stainless steel grades
Limitations
- Hard to polish — 55/100, worse than 89% of stainless steel grades
- Needs corrosion protection — 47/100, worse than 81% of stainless steel grades
S43940 Annealed 2D properties
Typical room-temperature values for S43940 Annealed 2D; 22 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are S43940 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among stainless steel grades.
Physical3
S43940 Annealed 2D has a density of 7.7 g/cm³ (0.278 lb/in³), lighter than 83% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,450°C (2,642 °F).
Mechanical15
S43940 Annealed 2D has a yield strength of 290 MPa (42.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 470 MPa (68.2 ksi) — weaker than 72% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 33% and the elastic modulus is 210 GPa (30.5 Msi).
Thermal6
S43940 Annealed 2D is rated for continuous service to 900°C (1,652 °F). It conducts heat at 25 W/m·K (14.4 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 93% of stainless steel grades. Thermal expansion is 10.4 µm/m·K (5.78 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
S43940 Annealed 2D conducts electricity at 2.9 % IACS, better than 87% of stainless steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is fair (47/100), worse than 81% of stainless steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of S43940 Annealed 2D takes about 48 MJ of energy and emits 3.2 kg of CO₂ — less than 85% of stainless steel grades. Typical recycled content is 70%.
Manufacturability7
S43940 Annealed 2D's machinability is fair (50/100, better than 90% of stainless steel grades); weldability excellent (88/100); formability very good (80/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with S43940 Annealed 2D
Is S43940 easy to machine?
Machinability is better than austenitic stainless, but Ti/Nb carbonitrides are abrasive to tooling: use coated carbide, moderate speeds with heavy feeds and generous coolant to prevent built-up edge and work hardening.
Can S43940 be welded?
Dual stabilization keeps the weld free of sensitization, so post-weld annealing is normally unnecessary. Use low heat input to limit heat-affected-zone grain growth; weld autogenously by TIG, MIG, laser or high-frequency, or use 309L or 430Nb-type filler.
Can S43940 be formed, bent or molded?
Good deep drawing, roll forming and hydroforming behaviour with r̄ of about 1.5–1.8. Springback is greater than low-carbon steel and must be compensated; avoid excessive through-thickness thinning and cold bending of heavy gauge to prevent brittle fracture.
What surface finishes work on S43940?
Cannot be anodized. Common finishes are pickling and passivation, BA bright surface, No. 4 brushed, electropolishing and PVD colouring; remove weld heat tint to restore corrosion resistance.
S43940 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| CASTM A240 / EN 1.4509 maximum | ≤ 0.03 | 0.02 |
| Mn | ≤ 1 | 0.4 |
| Si | ≤ 1 | 0.5 |
| P | ≤ 0.04 | 0.03 |
| SEN 1.4509 stricter: ≤0.015 | ≤ 0.03 | 0 |
| CrEN 1.4509: 17.5–18.5 | 17 – 19 | 18 |
| Niresidual element | ≤ 0.5 | 0.2 |
| N | ≤ 0.03 | 0.02 |
| TiEN 1.4509 range; ASTM A240 specifies only Ti+Nb | 0.1 – 0.6 | 0.2 |
| NbEN 1.4509: Nb ≥ 3×C + 0.30 ASTM A240: Ti+Nb = 0.20+4(C+N) min, 0.75 max | 0.3 – 1 | 0.45 |
| Fe | balance | — |
S43940 Annealed 2D — frequently asked
What is S43940 Annealed 2D used for?
S43940 Annealed 2D is typically used for exhaust hangers, trim components and heat shields. In short: 900 °C ferritic exhaust grade; sensitization-free welds; nickel-free 304 substitute.
What is the yield strength of S43940 Annealed 2D?
S43940 Annealed 2D has a typical yield strength of 290 MPa (42.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 470 MPa (68.2 ksi) — weaker than 72% of stainless steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 3 listed tempers.
Is S43940 Annealed 2D easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated fair (50/100, better than 90% of stainless steel grades). Machinability is better than austenitic stainless, but Ti/Nb carbonitrides are abrasive to tooling: use coated carbide, moderate speeds with heavy feeds and generous coolant to prevent built-up edge and work hardening.
Can S43940 Annealed 2D be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated excellent (88/100). Dual stabilization keeps the weld free of sensitization, so post-weld annealing is normally unnecessary. Use low heat input to limit heat-affected-zone grain growth; weld autogenously by TIG, MIG, laser or high-frequency, or use 309L or 430Nb-type filler.
What surface finishes work on S43940 Annealed 2D?
Cannot be anodized. Common finishes are pickling and passivation, BA bright surface, No. 4 brushed, electropolishing and PVD colouring; remove weld heat tint to restore corrosion resistance.
Can S43940 Annealed 2D be formed, bent or molded?
Good deep drawing, roll forming and hydroforming behaviour with r̄ of about 1.5–1.8. Springback is greater than low-carbon steel and must be compensated; avoid excessive through-thickness thinning and cold bending of heavy gauge to prevent brittle fracture.
What is the maximum service temperature of S43940 Annealed 2D?
S43940 Annealed 2D is rated for continuous use to about 900°C (1,652 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
Sources
- ASTM A240/A240M — Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip (S43940) — ASTM International (2023)
- EN 10088-1 / 10088-2 — Stainless steels, X2CrTiNb18 (1.4509) — CEN (2014)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol.13B — Corrosion: Materials — ASM International (2005)
- Ferritic stainless 1.4509 / 441 data sheet (exhaust-grade sheet & tube) — Outokumpu / Aperam (2022)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.