Steel 8650 Annealed
Temper
AISI/SAE 8650
Softest condition; choose for heavy machining, cold forming or before re-hardening.
Values for the Annealed condition
Other 8650 tempers and conditions
8650 is listed in 11 conditions; see the grade overview at 8650.
Compare all 11 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Spheroidize annealed | Subcritical spheroidizing cycle used before cold heading/upsetting of this high-carbon 8600 grade. | 360 | 660 | 26 | 12 HRC | 8.1 % IACS |
AnnealedThis page full anneal ~795 °C, slow cool | Softest condition; choose for heavy machining, cold forming or before re-hardening. | 386 | 715 | 22.5 | 212 HB | — |
HRDefault Hot rolled | Cheapest stock form for parts that will be fully heat treated after rough machining. | 550 | 860 | 18 | 24 HRC | — |
~870 °C, air cool | Uniform fine-grain structure with high as-cooled strength; use to refine forgings before final hardening. | 690 | 1,025 | 14 | 32 HRC | — |
Cold rolled | Cold-rolled strip for stamped/blanked hardenable parts where tight thickness and good surface are needed. | 700 | 900 | 10 | 26 HRC | 7.8 % IACS |
Cold drawn | Cold-drawn (usually annealed-then-drawn) bar giving straight, size-accurate stock with higher yield and better finish than hot rolled. | 790 | 930 | 12 | 28 HRC | 7.8 % IACS |
Oil quenched, high temper | Tough, readily machinable hardness band for shafts and large sections where impact matters more than wear. | 830 | 965 | 20 | 30 HRC | 7.6 % IACS |
Oil quenched, temper ~565-595 °C | Common ordering band for gears, sprockets and pins needing higher wear resistance while still machinable. | 985 | 1,110 | 16 | 36 HRC | 7.5 % IACS |
Quenched and tempered | General-purpose high-strength condition (~36-40 HRC) balancing strength, fatigue life and toughness. | 1,055 | 1,175 | 15 | 39 HRC | — |
Q&T 425 °C temper | Higher-strength/wear condition for pins, cams and light tooling where toughness demand is moderate. | 1,325 | 1,450 | 12 | 45 HRC | — |
Q&T 205 °C temper | Maximum-hardness/strength condition for wear parts; low ductility and notch sensitivity, avoid impact loading. | 1,675 | 1,930 | 10 | 54 HRC | — |
What is 8650 Annealed?
8650 Annealed is 8650 in the Annealed temper — softest condition; choose for heavy machining, cold forming or before re-hardening. 8650 Annealed has a yield strength of 386 MPa (56 ksi) and a tensile strength of 715 MPa (104 ksi) — weaker than 64% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 22.5% and the elastic modulus is 205 GPa (29.7 Msi). 8650 Annealed has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,420°C (2,588 °F). HR is the default condition FabDigit quotes; Annealed is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- Polishes to a fine finish — 65/100, better than 78% of steel grades
8650 Annealed properties
Typical room-temperature values for 8650 Annealed; 11 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are 8650 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
8650 Annealed has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,420°C (2,588 °F).
Mechanical15
8650 Annealed has a yield strength of 386 MPa (56 ksi) and a tensile strength of 715 MPa (104 ksi) — weaker than 64% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 22.5% and the elastic modulus is 205 GPa (29.7 Msi).
Thermal6
8650 Annealed is rated for continuous service to 400°C (752 °F). It conducts heat at 45 W/m·K (26 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 66% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 12.3 µm/m·K (6.83 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
8650 Annealed conducts electricity at 7.8 % IACS, worse than 57% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is not recommended (12/100), worse than 53% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 8650 Annealed takes about 29 MJ of energy and emits 2.2 kg of CO₂ — less than 53% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 30%.
Manufacturability7
8650 Annealed's machinability is fair (48/100, worse than 57% of steel grades); weldability poor (28/100); formability fair (45/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with 8650 Annealed
Is 8650 easy to machine?
Best machined annealed or ≤32 HRC with rigid setups, carbide tooling and generous coolant; above ~40 HRC switch to CBN/ceramic or grinding.
Can 8650 be welded?
Poor weldability at 0.50 %C — preheat 260-370 °C, use low-hydrogen consumables and temper immediately after welding; avoid welding in the hardened condition.
Can 8650 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold forming only in the annealed/spheroidized state with generous bend radii; hot forge 1050-1200 °C then normalize before hardening.
What surface finishes work on 8650?
Not anodizable; protect with black oxide, phosphate, zinc or hard-chrome plating (bake to relieve hydrogen above 40 HRC), or take a high polish for die/tool surfaces.
8650 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| C8650 = 0.50 %C nominal | 0.48 – 0.53 | 0.5 |
| Mn | 0.75 – 1 | 0.88 |
| Si | 0.15 – 0.35 | 0.25 |
| Ni | 0.4 – 0.7 | 0.55 |
| Cr | 0.4 – 0.6 | 0.5 |
| Mo | 0.15 – 0.25 | 0.2 |
| P | ≤ 0.04 | 0.02 |
| Smax; 8650H/86L50 variants differ | ≤ 0.04 | 0.03 |
| Fe | balance |
8650 Annealed — frequently asked
What is 8650 Annealed used for?
8650 Annealed is typically used for shafts, gears and axles. In short: workhorse Ni-Cr-Mo bar.
What is the yield strength of 8650 Annealed?
8650 Annealed has a typical yield strength of 386 MPa (56 ksi) and a tensile strength of 715 MPa (104 ksi) — weaker than 64% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 11 listed tempers.
Is 8650 Annealed easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated fair (48/100, worse than 57% of steel grades). Best machined annealed or ≤32 HRC with rigid setups, carbide tooling and generous coolant; above ~40 HRC switch to CBN/ceramic or grinding.
Can 8650 Annealed be welded?
Not readily — weldability is rated poor (28/100). Poor weldability at 0.50 %C — preheat 260-370 °C, use low-hydrogen consumables and temper immediately after welding; avoid welding in the hardened condition.
What surface finishes work on 8650 Annealed?
Not anodizable; protect with black oxide, phosphate, zinc or hard-chrome plating (bake to relieve hydrogen above 40 HRC), or take a high polish for die/tool surfaces.
Can 8650 Annealed be formed, bent or molded?
Cold forming only in the annealed/spheroidized state with generous bend radii; hot forge 1050-1200 °C then normalize before hardening.
What is the maximum service temperature of 8650 Annealed?
8650 Annealed is rated for continuous use to about 400°C (752 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 8650-HR and 8650-CD?
HR is the default condition — cheapest stock form for parts that will be fully heat treated after rough machining. CD: cold-drawn (usually annealed-then-drawn) bar giving straight, size-accurate stock with higher yield and better finish than hot rolled. Yield strength is 550 MPa in HR versus 790 MPa in CD.
Can FabDigit make parts in 8650 Annealed?
Yes — 8650 Annealed is available for CNC machining and sheet metal; every part is priced by an engineer rather than instantly. Upload a STEP file to get a price and a DFM check.
Sources
- SAE J404 — Chemical Compositions of SAE Alloy Steels — SAE International (2021)
- ASTM A29/A29M — Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought, General Requirements — ASTM (2020)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol.4 — Heat Treating — ASM International (1991)
- ASM Handbook Vol.16 — Machining — ASM International (1989)
- Atlas of Stress-Strain Curves / Heat Treater's Guide: Standard Steels — ASM International (1995)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.