Stainless Steel 416Se
UNS S41623 · ASTM A582 · JIS SUS416Se · GB Y1Cr13Se
416Se is a selenium-bearing martensitic free-machining stainless (S41623, SUS416Se) covered by ASTM A582, a 416 variant in which selenides replace part of the sulfide addition.
Values for the Annealed condition
416Se tempers and conditions
416Se is supplied in 5 conditions, soft to hard. Annealed is the default FabDigit quotes; the values on this page are for it.
Compare all 5 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AnnealedDefault Condition A (ASTM A582), hot finished or cold finished bar | Standard stocked condition for high-volume screw-machine work; machine then harden if strength is needed. | 280 | 520 | 28 | 160 HB | — |
subcritical stress relief ~650–700 °C after machining | Use to stabilise dimensions of slender machined parts made from cold drawn bar without full hardening. | 380 | 560 | 22 | 10 HRC | 3 % IACS |
annealed and cold drawn bar (Condition A, CD) | Choose for tight-tolerance, bright-finish bar with somewhat higher strength for as-machined parts. | 550 | 655 | 15 | 16 HRC | 3 % IACS |
austenitize ~980 °C, oil quench, temper 550–650 °C (Condition T) | General-purpose hardened condition (~HRC 28–34) balancing strength, toughness and corrosion resistance for shafts and valve stems. | 760 | 965 | 17 | 31 HRC | — |
Hardened and tempered at 200–370 °C | Pick when maximum hardness/wear resistance is needed (stems, latches, cutlery-type parts); toughness and impact resistance are low. | 1,000 | 1,240 | 12 | 39 HRC | — |
What is 416Se?
416Se is a selenium-bearing martensitic free-machining stainless (S41623, SUS416Se) covered by ASTM A582, a 416 variant in which selenides replace part of the sulfide addition. Engineers pick it for high-volume turned parts that must later be hardened; it is stocked annealed, cold drawn, stress relieved and quenched-and-tempered to 35–42 HRC, with 280 MPa yield, 520 MPa tensile, 28% elongation and 160 HB annealed. Corrosion resistance is modest (score 32) and the grade is effectively unweldable, with service to 675 °C. Sulfur-bearing 416 is the usual substitute when selenium bar is unavailable. 416Se has a density of 7.75 g/cm³ (0.28 lb/in³), lighter than 65% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,480°C (2,696 °F). 416Se has a yield strength of 280 MPa (40.6 ksi) and a tensile strength of 520 MPa (75.4 ksi) — weaker than 75% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 28% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
What is 416Se used for?
- Machined valve trim
- Pump shafts
- Screw-machine fasteners and studs
- Motor and instrument shafts
- Valve stems and needles
- Gears and pinions
- Hand tool components
Advantages
- Easy to machine — 82/100, better than 100% of stainless steel grades
- High electrical conductivity — 3 % IACS, better than 95% of stainless steel grades
- Conducts heat well — 24.9 W/m·K (14.4 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 87% of stainless steel grades
Limitations
- Needs corrosion protection — 32/100, worse than 99% of stainless steel grades
- Difficult to weld — 18/100, worse than 97% of stainless steel grades
- Hard to polish — 55/100, worse than 89% of stainless steel grades
- Low strength — 280 MPa (40.6 ksi), worse than 75% of stainless steel grades
416Se properties
Typical room-temperature values for 416Se-Annealed; bars are the position among stainless steel grades.
Physical3
416Se has a density of 7.75 g/cm³ (0.28 lb/in³), lighter than 65% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,480°C (2,696 °F).
Mechanical14
416Se has a yield strength of 280 MPa (40.6 ksi) and a tensile strength of 520 MPa (75.4 ksi) — weaker than 75% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 28% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
Thermal6
416Se is rated for continuous service to 675°C (1,247 °F). It conducts heat at 24.9 W/m·K (14.4 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 87% of stainless steel grades. Thermal expansion is 9.9 µm/m·K (5.5 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
416Se conducts electricity at 3 % IACS, better than 95% of stainless steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is poor (32/100), worse than 99% of stainless steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 416Se takes about 45 MJ of energy and emits 4 kg of CO₂ — less than 91% of stainless steel grades. Typical recycled content is 55%.
Manufacturability6
416Se's machinability is very good (82/100, better than 100% of stainless steel grades); weldability poor (18/100); formability fair (45/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Strength versus weight in the stainless steel family
Yield strength against density for every stainless steel grade FabDigit runs. 416Se is highlighted; hover a dot for its name, or open the interactive family chart.
Working with 416Se
Is 416Se easy to machine?
Excellent free-machining behaviour (~85 % of 1212); selenides give short chips and a brighter finish than sulfur-bearing 416 — use sharp carbide, moderate speed, generous coolant, and avoid dwell to prevent work-hardened skin.
Can 416Se be welded?
Not recommended: Se/S inclusions and air-hardening martensite cause hot cracking; if unavoidable, preheat 200–300 °C, use 309/410 filler and temper at 650–700 °C immediately after.
Can 416Se be formed, bent or molded?
Cold forming limited to light heading/threading in the annealed condition; hot work 1150–1200 °C and cool slowly, never below ~800 °C finishing temperature.
Manufacturability
The process limits FabDigit applies to 416Se. Every 416Se part is priced by an engineer; design inside these and the quote comes back without a redesign loop.
CNC machining
| Machinability | Excellent82 / 100 |
|---|---|
| ISO material group | M.4 |
| Cutting speed (rough / finish) | 140 / 170 m/min |
| Minimum wall | 0.8 mm |
| Minimum internal radius | 1.5 mm |
| Drill depth limit | 4× diameter |
| Best surface (machined / polished) | Ra 1.6 / — |
| Hardenable after machining | No |
416Se chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| C | ≤ 0.15 | 0.1 |
| Cr | 12 – 14 | 13 |
| Mn | ≤ 1.25 | 0.8 |
| Si | ≤ 1 | 0.5 |
| Sefree-machining addition, forms chromium selenide inclusions | ≥ 0.15 | 0.2 |
| P | ≤ 0.06 | 0.03 |
| S | ≤ 0.06 | 0.02 |
| Fe | balance |
What surface finishes work on 416Se?
Passivate in nitric acid after machining to restore the chromium oxide film (selenide inclusions otherwise pit); takes hard chrome and electroless nickel well and polishes better than 416, but never anodizes.
Surface treatments FabDigit runs on stainless steel parts — pick them in the quote configurator or call them out on the drawing. Each links to its datasheet in the surface-finish library (thickness, specs, call-out, material verdicts).
Plating
Organic Coating
CVD Coating
Black / Phosphate
Thermal Spray
Equivalent designations
Standards and trade names that resolve to Stainless Steel 416Se in FabDigit's catalog. Equivalence is nominal — check the exact specification when certification matters.
- UNS
- S41623
- ASTM
- A582
- GB (China)
- Y1Cr13Se
- JIS
- SUS416Se
How much does 416Se cost?
416Se is a standard-cost stainless steel ($$), cheaper than about 60% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
416Se — frequently asked
What is 416Se used for?
416Se is typically used for machined valve trim, pump shafts, screw-machine fasteners and studs, motor and instrument shafts, valve stems and needles and gears and pinions. In short: selenium free-machining stainless.
What is the yield strength of 416Se?
416Se has a typical yield strength of 280 MPa (40.6 ksi) and a tensile strength of 520 MPa (75.4 ksi) — weaker than 75% of stainless steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 5 listed tempers.
Is 416Se easy to machine?
Yes — machinability is rated very good (82/100, better than 100% of stainless steel grades). Excellent free-machining behaviour (~85 % of 1212); selenides give short chips and a brighter finish than sulfur-bearing 416 — use sharp carbide, moderate speed, generous coolant, and avoid dwell to prevent work-hardened skin.
Can 416Se be welded?
Not readily — weldability is rated poor (18/100). Not recommended: Se/S inclusions and air-hardening martensite cause hot cracking; if unavoidable, preheat 200–300 °C, use 309/410 filler and temper at 650–700 °C immediately after.
What surface finishes work on 416Se?
Passivate in nitric acid after machining to restore the chromium oxide film (selenide inclusions otherwise pit); takes hard chrome and electroless nickel well and polishes better than 416, but never anodizes.
Can 416Se be formed, bent or molded?
Cold forming limited to light heading/threading in the annealed condition; hot work 1150–1200 °C and cool slowly, never below ~800 °C finishing temperature.
What is the maximum service temperature of 416Se?
416Se is rated for continuous use to about 675°C (1,247 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
How much does 416Se cost?
416Se is a standard-cost stainless steel ($$), cheaper than about 60% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Can FabDigit make parts in 416Se?
Yes — 416Se is available for CNC machining; every part is priced by an engineer rather than instantly. Upload a STEP file to get a price and a DFM check.
Sources
- ASTM A582/A582M — Free-Machining Stainless Steel Bars — ASTM International (2021)
- ASTM A484/A484M — General Requirements for Stainless Steel Bars, Billets and Forgings — ASTM International (2020)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1: Properties and Selection — Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol.16: Machining — ASM International (1989)
- Type 416/416Se Free-Machining Stainless Steel Product Data — AK Steel / Cleveland-Cliffs (2018)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison; hardness values on non-Brinell scales are converted approximately for charting only. Manufacturability limits are FabDigit quote-engine defaults and may be relaxed by engineering review. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.