Stainless Steel 416Se Stress Relieved
Heat-treated state
UNS S41623 · ASTM A582 · JIS SUS416Se · GB Y1Cr13Se
Use to stabilise dimensions of slender machined parts made from cold drawn bar without full hardening.
Values for the Stress Relieved condition
Other 416Se tempers and conditions
416Se is listed in 5 conditions; see the grade overview at 416Se.
- Annealed
- Stress Relieved
- Cold Drawn
- Hardened & Tempered
- Q&T 35-42 HRC
Compare all 5 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AnnealedDefault Condition A (ASTM A582), hot finished or cold finished bar | Standard stocked condition for high-volume screw-machine work; machine then harden if strength is needed. | 280 | 520 | 28 | 160 HB | — |
Stress RelievedThis page subcritical stress relief ~650–700 °C after machining | Use to stabilise dimensions of slender machined parts made from cold drawn bar without full hardening. | 380 | 560 | 22 | 10 HRC | 3 % IACS |
annealed and cold drawn bar (Condition A, CD) | Choose for tight-tolerance, bright-finish bar with somewhat higher strength for as-machined parts. | 550 | 655 | 15 | 16 HRC | 3 % IACS |
austenitize ~980 °C, oil quench, temper 550–650 °C (Condition T) | General-purpose hardened condition (~HRC 28–34) balancing strength, toughness and corrosion resistance for shafts and valve stems. | 760 | 965 | 17 | 31 HRC | — |
Hardened and tempered at 200–370 °C | Pick when maximum hardness/wear resistance is needed (stems, latches, cutlery-type parts); toughness and impact resistance are low. | 1,000 | 1,240 | 12 | 39 HRC | — |
What is 416Se Stress Relieved?
416Se Stress Relieved is 416Se heat treated to Stress Relieved — use to stabilise dimensions of slender machined parts made from cold drawn bar without full hardening. 416Se Stress Relieved has a yield strength of 380 MPa (55.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 560 MPa (81.2 ksi) — stronger than 52% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 22% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi). 416Se Stress Relieved has a density of 7.75 g/cm³ (0.28 lb/in³), lighter than 65% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,480°C (2,696 °F). Annealed is the default condition FabDigit quotes; Stress Relieved is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- Easy to machine — 82/100, better than 100% of stainless steel grades
- High electrical conductivity — 3 % IACS, better than 95% of stainless steel grades
- Conducts heat well — 24.9 W/m·K (14.4 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 87% of stainless steel grades
Limitations
- Needs corrosion protection — 35/100, worse than 97% of stainless steel grades
- Difficult to weld — 18/100, worse than 97% of stainless steel grades
- Hard to polish — 55/100, worse than 89% of stainless steel grades
- Limited ductility — 22%, worse than 75% of stainless steel grades
416Se Stress Relieved properties
Typical room-temperature values for 416Se Stress Relieved; 22 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are 416Se reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among stainless steel grades.
Physical3
416Se Stress Relieved has a density of 7.75 g/cm³ (0.28 lb/in³), lighter than 65% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,480°C (2,696 °F).
Mechanical14
416Se Stress Relieved has a yield strength of 380 MPa (55.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 560 MPa (81.2 ksi) — stronger than 52% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 22% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
Thermal6
416Se Stress Relieved is rated for continuous service to 675°C (1,247 °F). It conducts heat at 24.9 W/m·K (14.4 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 87% of stainless steel grades. Thermal expansion is 9.9 µm/m·K (5.5 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
416Se Stress Relieved conducts electricity at 3 % IACS, better than 95% of stainless steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is fair (35/100), worse than 97% of stainless steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 416Se Stress Relieved takes about 45 MJ of energy and emits 4 kg of CO₂ — less than 91% of stainless steel grades. Typical recycled content is 55%.
Manufacturability6
416Se Stress Relieved's machinability is very good (82/100, better than 100% of stainless steel grades); weldability poor (18/100); formability fair (38/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with 416Se Stress Relieved
Is 416Se easy to machine?
Excellent free-machining behaviour (~85 % of 1212); selenides give short chips and a brighter finish than sulfur-bearing 416 — use sharp carbide, moderate speed, generous coolant, and avoid dwell to prevent work-hardened skin.
Can 416Se be welded?
Not recommended: Se/S inclusions and air-hardening martensite cause hot cracking; if unavoidable, preheat 200–300 °C, use 309/410 filler and temper at 650–700 °C immediately after.
Can 416Se be formed, bent or molded?
Cold forming limited to light heading/threading in the annealed condition; hot work 1150–1200 °C and cool slowly, never below ~800 °C finishing temperature.
What surface finishes work on 416Se?
Passivate in nitric acid after machining to restore the chromium oxide film (selenide inclusions otherwise pit); takes hard chrome and electroless nickel well and polishes better than 416, but never anodizes.
416Se chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| C | ≤ 0.15 | 0.1 |
| Cr | 12 – 14 | 13 |
| Mn | ≤ 1.25 | 0.8 |
| Si | ≤ 1 | 0.5 |
| Sefree-machining addition, forms chromium selenide inclusions | ≥ 0.15 | 0.2 |
| P | ≤ 0.06 | 0.03 |
| S | ≤ 0.06 | 0.02 |
| Fe | balance | — |
416Se Stress Relieved — frequently asked
What is 416Se Stress Relieved used for?
416Se Stress Relieved is typically used for machined valve trim, pump shafts, screw-machine fasteners and studs, motor and instrument shafts, valve stems and needles and gears and pinions. In short: selenium free-machining stainless.
What is the yield strength of 416Se Stress Relieved?
416Se Stress Relieved has a typical yield strength of 380 MPa (55.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 560 MPa (81.2 ksi) — stronger than 52% of stainless steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 5 listed tempers.
Is 416Se Stress Relieved easy to machine?
Yes — machinability is rated very good (82/100, better than 100% of stainless steel grades). Excellent free-machining behaviour (~85 % of 1212); selenides give short chips and a brighter finish than sulfur-bearing 416 — use sharp carbide, moderate speed, generous coolant, and avoid dwell to prevent work-hardened skin.
Can 416Se Stress Relieved be welded?
Not readily — weldability is rated poor (18/100). Not recommended: Se/S inclusions and air-hardening martensite cause hot cracking; if unavoidable, preheat 200–300 °C, use 309/410 filler and temper at 650–700 °C immediately after.
What surface finishes work on 416Se Stress Relieved?
Passivate in nitric acid after machining to restore the chromium oxide film (selenide inclusions otherwise pit); takes hard chrome and electroless nickel well and polishes better than 416, but never anodizes.
Can 416Se Stress Relieved be formed, bent or molded?
Cold forming limited to light heading/threading in the annealed condition; hot work 1150–1200 °C and cool slowly, never below ~800 °C finishing temperature.
What is the maximum service temperature of 416Se Stress Relieved?
416Se Stress Relieved is rated for continuous use to about 675°C (1,247 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
Can FabDigit make parts in 416Se Stress Relieved?
Yes — 416Se Stress Relieved is available for CNC machining; every part is priced by an engineer rather than instantly. Upload a STEP file to get a price and a DFM check.
Sources
- ASTM A582/A582M — Free-Machining Stainless Steel Bars — ASTM International (2021)
- ASTM A484/A484M — General Requirements for Stainless Steel Bars, Billets and Forgings — ASTM International (2020)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1: Properties and Selection — Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol.16: Machining — ASM International (1989)
- Type 416/416Se Free-Machining Stainless Steel Product Data — AK Steel / Cleveland-Cliffs (2018)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.