Stainless Steel 416Se · temper · default condition
Stainless Steel 416Se Annealed
Properties of the Annealed condition, compared with the other 416Se tempers.
Standard stocked condition for high-volume screw-machine work; machine then harden if strength is needed.
What is 416Se Annealed?
416Se Annealed is 416Se in the Annealed temper — standard stocked condition for high-volume screw-machine work; machine then harden if strength is needed. 416Se Annealed has a yield strength of 280 MPa (40.6 ksi) and a tensile strength of 520 MPa (75.4 ksi) — weaker than 75% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 28% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi). 416Se Annealed has a density of 7.75 g/cm³ (0.28 lb/in³), lighter than 66% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,480°C (2,696 °F).
Advantages
- Easy to machine — 82/100, better than 100% of stainless steel grades
- High electrical conductivity — 3 % IACS, better than 95% of stainless steel grades
- Conducts heat well — 24.9 W/m·K (14.4 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 88% of stainless steel grades
- Low embodied carbon — 4 kg CO₂/kg, better than 75% of stainless steel grades
Limitations
- Needs corrosion protection — 32/100, worse than 99% of stainless steel grades
- Difficult to weld — 18/100, worse than 97% of stainless steel grades
- Hard to polish — 55/100, worse than 89% of stainless steel grades
- Low strength — 280 MPa (40.6 ksi), worse than 75% of stainless steel grades
416Se Annealed properties
Typical room-temperature values for 416Se Annealed — 13 properties are specific to this condition; the rest are grade-level values shared by every 416Se temper. Each bar shows where the value sits among the stainless steel grades in FabDigit's library — further right is higher.
Physical3
416Se Annealed has a density of 7.75 g/cm³ (0.28 lb/in³), lighter than 66% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,480°C (2,696 °F).
Mechanical14
416Se Annealed has a yield strength of 280 MPa (40.6 ksi) and a tensile strength of 520 MPa (75.4 ksi) — weaker than 75% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 28% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
Thermal6
416Se Annealed is rated for continuous service to 675°C (1,247 °F). It conducts heat at 24.9 W/m·K (14.4 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 88% of stainless steel grades. Thermal expansion is 9.9 µm/m·K (5.5 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
416Se Annealed conducts electricity at 3 % IACS, better than 95% of stainless steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is poor (32/100), worse than 99% of stainless steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 416Se Annealed takes about 45 MJ of energy and emits 4 kg of CO₂ — less than 91% of stainless steel grades. Typical recycled content is 55%.
Manufacturability6
416Se Annealed's machinability is very good (82/100, better than 100% of stainless steel grades); weldability poor (18/100); formability fair (45/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Other 416Se tempers and conditions
416Se is also supplied in 4 other conditions. The full side-by-side table is on the 416Se overview.
- AnnealedDefaultStandard stocked condition for high-volume screw-machine work; machine then harden if strength is needed.280 MPa yield · 160 HB
- Q&T 35-42 HRCPick when maximum hardness/wear resistance is needed (stems, latches, cutlery-type parts); toughness and impact resistance are low.1,000 MPa yield · 39 HRC
- Hardened & TemperedGeneral-purpose hardened condition (~HRC 28–34) balancing strength, toughness and corrosion resistance for shafts and valve stems.760 MPa yield · 31 HRC
- Cold DrawnChoose for tight-tolerance, bright-finish bar with somewhat higher strength for as-machined parts.550 MPa yield · 210 HB
Working with 416Se Annealed
Is 416Se easy to machine?
Excellent free-machining behaviour (~85 % of 1212); selenides give short chips and a brighter finish than sulfur-bearing 416 — use sharp carbide, moderate speed, generous coolant, and avoid dwell to prevent work-hardened skin.
Can 416Se be welded?
Not recommended: Se/S inclusions and air-hardening martensite cause hot cracking; if unavoidable, preheat 200–300 °C, use 309/410 filler and temper at 650–700 °C immediately after.
Can 416Se be formed, bent or molded?
Cold forming limited to light heading/threading in the annealed condition; hot work 1150–1200 °C and cool slowly, never below ~800 °C finishing temperature.
What surface finishes work on 416Se?
Passivate in nitric acid after machining to restore the chromium oxide film (selenide inclusions otherwise pit); takes hard chrome and electroless nickel well and polishes better than 416, but never anodizes.
416Se chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| C | ≤ 0.15 | 0.1 |
| Cr | 12 – 14 | 13 |
| Mn | ≤ 1.25 | 0.8 |
| Si | ≤ 1 | 0.5 |
| Sefree-machining addition, forms chromium selenide inclusions | ≥ 0.15 | 0.2 |
| P | ≤ 0.06 | 0.03 |
| S | ≤ 0.06 | 0.02 |
| Fe | balance | — |
416Se Annealed — frequently asked
What is 416Se Annealed used for?
416Se Annealed is typically used for machined valve trim, pump shafts, screw-machine fasteners and studs, motor and instrument shafts, valve stems and needles and gears and pinions. In short: selenium free-machining stainless.
What is the yield strength of 416Se Annealed?
416Se Annealed has a typical yield strength of 280 MPa (40.6 ksi) and a tensile strength of 520 MPa (75.4 ksi) — weaker than 75% of stainless steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 5 listed tempers.
Is 416Se Annealed easy to machine?
Yes — machinability is rated very good (82/100, better than 100% of stainless steel grades). Excellent free-machining behaviour (~85 % of 1212); selenides give short chips and a brighter finish than sulfur-bearing 416 — use sharp carbide, moderate speed, generous coolant, and avoid dwell to prevent work-hardened skin.
Can 416Se Annealed be welded?
Not readily — weldability is rated poor (18/100). Not recommended: Se/S inclusions and air-hardening martensite cause hot cracking; if unavoidable, preheat 200–300 °C, use 309/410 filler and temper at 650–700 °C immediately after.
What surface finishes work on 416Se Annealed?
Passivate in nitric acid after machining to restore the chromium oxide film (selenide inclusions otherwise pit); takes hard chrome and electroless nickel well and polishes better than 416, but never anodizes.
Can 416Se Annealed be formed, bent or molded?
Cold forming limited to light heading/threading in the annealed condition; hot work 1150–1200 °C and cool slowly, never below ~800 °C finishing temperature.
What is the maximum service temperature of 416Se Annealed?
416Se Annealed is rated for continuous use to about 675°C (1,247 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
Can FabDigit make parts in 416Se Annealed?
Yes — 416Se Annealed is available for CNC machining with instant online pricing. Upload a STEP file to get a price and a DFM check.
Sources
- ASTM A582/A582M — Free-Machining Stainless Steel Bars — ASTM International (2021)
- ASTM A484/A484M — General Requirements for Stainless Steel Bars, Billets and Forgings — ASTM International (2020)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1: Properties and Selection — Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol.16: Machining — ASM International (1989)
- Type 416/416Se Free-Machining Stainless Steel Product Data — AK Steel / Cleveland-Cliffs (2018)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.