Stainless Steel 416Se Annealed
Temper · default condition
UNS S41623 · ASTM A582 · JIS SUS416Se · GB Y1Cr13Se
Standard stocked condition for high-volume screw-machine work; machine then harden if strength is needed.
Values for the Annealed condition
Other 416Se tempers and conditions
416Se is listed in 5 conditions; see the grade overview at 416Se.
Compare all 5 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AnnealedDefaultThis page Condition A (ASTM A582), hot finished or cold finished bar | Standard stocked condition for high-volume screw-machine work; machine then harden if strength is needed. | 280 | 520 | 28 | 160 HB | — |
subcritical stress relief ~650–700 °C after machining | Use to stabilise dimensions of slender machined parts made from cold drawn bar without full hardening. | 380 | 560 | 22 | 10 HRC | 3 % IACS |
annealed and cold drawn bar (Condition A, CD) | Choose for tight-tolerance, bright-finish bar with somewhat higher strength for as-machined parts. | 550 | 655 | 15 | 16 HRC | 3 % IACS |
austenitize ~980 °C, oil quench, temper 550–650 °C (Condition T) | General-purpose hardened condition (~HRC 28–34) balancing strength, toughness and corrosion resistance for shafts and valve stems. | 760 | 965 | 17 | 31 HRC | — |
Hardened and tempered at 200–370 °C | Pick when maximum hardness/wear resistance is needed (stems, latches, cutlery-type parts); toughness and impact resistance are low. | 1,000 | 1,240 | 12 | 39 HRC | — |
What is 416Se Annealed?
416Se Annealed is 416Se in the Annealed temper — standard stocked condition for high-volume screw-machine work; machine then harden if strength is needed. 416Se Annealed has a yield strength of 280 MPa (40.6 ksi) and a tensile strength of 520 MPa (75.4 ksi) — weaker than 75% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 28% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi). 416Se Annealed has a density of 7.75 g/cm³ (0.28 lb/in³), lighter than 65% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,480°C (2,696 °F).
Advantages
- Easy to machine — 82/100, better than 100% of stainless steel grades
- High electrical conductivity — 3 % IACS, better than 95% of stainless steel grades
- Conducts heat well — 24.9 W/m·K (14.4 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 87% of stainless steel grades
Limitations
- Needs corrosion protection — 32/100, worse than 99% of stainless steel grades
- Difficult to weld — 18/100, worse than 97% of stainless steel grades
- Hard to polish — 55/100, worse than 89% of stainless steel grades
- Low strength — 280 MPa (40.6 ksi), worse than 75% of stainless steel grades
416Se Annealed properties
Typical room-temperature values for 416Se Annealed; 13 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are 416Se reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among stainless steel grades.
Physical3
416Se Annealed has a density of 7.75 g/cm³ (0.28 lb/in³), lighter than 65% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,480°C (2,696 °F).
Mechanical14
416Se Annealed has a yield strength of 280 MPa (40.6 ksi) and a tensile strength of 520 MPa (75.4 ksi) — weaker than 75% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 28% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
Thermal6
416Se Annealed is rated for continuous service to 675°C (1,247 °F). It conducts heat at 24.9 W/m·K (14.4 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 87% of stainless steel grades. Thermal expansion is 9.9 µm/m·K (5.5 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
416Se Annealed conducts electricity at 3 % IACS, better than 95% of stainless steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is poor (32/100), worse than 99% of stainless steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 416Se Annealed takes about 45 MJ of energy and emits 4 kg of CO₂ — less than 91% of stainless steel grades. Typical recycled content is 55%.
Manufacturability6
416Se Annealed's machinability is very good (82/100, better than 100% of stainless steel grades); weldability poor (18/100); formability fair (45/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with 416Se Annealed
Is 416Se easy to machine?
Excellent free-machining behaviour (~85 % of 1212); selenides give short chips and a brighter finish than sulfur-bearing 416 — use sharp carbide, moderate speed, generous coolant, and avoid dwell to prevent work-hardened skin.
Can 416Se be welded?
Not recommended: Se/S inclusions and air-hardening martensite cause hot cracking; if unavoidable, preheat 200–300 °C, use 309/410 filler and temper at 650–700 °C immediately after.
Can 416Se be formed, bent or molded?
Cold forming limited to light heading/threading in the annealed condition; hot work 1150–1200 °C and cool slowly, never below ~800 °C finishing temperature.
What surface finishes work on 416Se?
Passivate in nitric acid after machining to restore the chromium oxide film (selenide inclusions otherwise pit); takes hard chrome and electroless nickel well and polishes better than 416, but never anodizes.
416Se chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| C | ≤ 0.15 | 0.1 |
| Cr | 12 – 14 | 13 |
| Mn | ≤ 1.25 | 0.8 |
| Si | ≤ 1 | 0.5 |
| Sefree-machining addition, forms chromium selenide inclusions | ≥ 0.15 | 0.2 |
| P | ≤ 0.06 | 0.03 |
| S | ≤ 0.06 | 0.02 |
| Fe | balance |
416Se Annealed — frequently asked
What is 416Se Annealed used for?
416Se Annealed is typically used for machined valve trim, pump shafts, screw-machine fasteners and studs, motor and instrument shafts, valve stems and needles and gears and pinions. In short: selenium free-machining stainless.
What is the yield strength of 416Se Annealed?
416Se Annealed has a typical yield strength of 280 MPa (40.6 ksi) and a tensile strength of 520 MPa (75.4 ksi) — weaker than 75% of stainless steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 5 listed tempers.
Is 416Se Annealed easy to machine?
Yes — machinability is rated very good (82/100, better than 100% of stainless steel grades). Excellent free-machining behaviour (~85 % of 1212); selenides give short chips and a brighter finish than sulfur-bearing 416 — use sharp carbide, moderate speed, generous coolant, and avoid dwell to prevent work-hardened skin.
Can 416Se Annealed be welded?
Not readily — weldability is rated poor (18/100). Not recommended: Se/S inclusions and air-hardening martensite cause hot cracking; if unavoidable, preheat 200–300 °C, use 309/410 filler and temper at 650–700 °C immediately after.
What surface finishes work on 416Se Annealed?
Passivate in nitric acid after machining to restore the chromium oxide film (selenide inclusions otherwise pit); takes hard chrome and electroless nickel well and polishes better than 416, but never anodizes.
Can 416Se Annealed be formed, bent or molded?
Cold forming limited to light heading/threading in the annealed condition; hot work 1150–1200 °C and cool slowly, never below ~800 °C finishing temperature.
What is the maximum service temperature of 416Se Annealed?
416Se Annealed is rated for continuous use to about 675°C (1,247 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
Can FabDigit make parts in 416Se Annealed?
Yes — 416Se Annealed is available for CNC machining; every part is priced by an engineer rather than instantly. Upload a STEP file to get a price and a DFM check.
Sources
- ASTM A582/A582M — Free-Machining Stainless Steel Bars — ASTM International (2021)
- ASTM A484/A484M — General Requirements for Stainless Steel Bars, Billets and Forgings — ASTM International (2020)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1: Properties and Selection — Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol.16: Machining — ASM International (1989)
- Type 416/416Se Free-Machining Stainless Steel Product Data — AK Steel / Cleveland-Cliffs (2018)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.