Nickel Alloy 601GC-HRA (Hot-worked and annealed)
Heat-treated state
UNS N06650 · EN 2.4850 · also Nicrofer 6025 GT
Pick for thick sections, forged rings and machined furnace hardware where slightly coarser grain and lower strength are acceptable.
Values for the HRA condition
Other 601GC tempers and conditions
601GC is listed in 5 conditions; see the grade overview at 601GC.
Compare all 5 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
High-temperature (coarse-grain) solution anneal | Anneal near 1150–1180 °C to coarsen grain for maximum creep-rupture life in continuously fired combustion hardware; sacrifices room-temperature strength. | 270 | 640 | 50 | 155 HB | 1.5 % IACS |
HRAThis page Hot-worked and annealed | Pick for thick sections, forged rings and machined furnace hardware where slightly coarser grain and lower strength are acceptable. | 290 | 655 | 45 | 160 HB | 1.5 % IACS |
ANNDefault Annealed | Standard stock condition for combustor liners and furnace parts; best combination of ductility, formability and weldability. | 310 | 690 | 48 | 170 HB | — |
As-welded deposit | Represents all-weld-metal / cross-weld properties when no post-weld anneal is applied, typical of fabricated liners and ducting. | 370 | 640 | 33 | 185 HB | 1.5 % IACS |
Cold drawn | Use when higher room-temperature strength, straightness and better chip control are needed; not for service above ~600 °C without re-anneal. | 550 | 830 | 25 | 22 HRC | — |
What is 601GC-HRA?
601GC-HRA is 601GC heat treated to HRA — pick for thick sections, forged rings and machined furnace hardware where slightly coarser grain and lower strength are acceptable. 601GC-HRA has a yield strength of 290 MPa (42.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 655 MPa (95 ksi) — weaker than 81% of nickel alloy grades. Elongation at break is 45% and the elastic modulus is 206 GPa (29.9 Msi). 601GC-HRA has a density of 8.11 g/cm³ (0.293 lb/in³), lighter than 77% of nickel alloy grades. It melts at 1,360°C (2,480 °F). ANN is the default condition FabDigit quotes; HRA is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- High service temperature — 1,200°C (2,192 °F), better than 99% of nickel alloy grades
- Readily welded — 85/100, better than 83% of nickel alloy grades
- Forms and bends easily — 72/100, better than 77% of nickel alloy grades
Limitations
- Low strength — 290 MPa (42.1 ksi), worse than 81% of nickel alloy grades
601GC-HRA properties
Typical room-temperature values for 601GC-HRA; 22 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are 601GC reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among nickel alloy grades.
Physical3
601GC-HRA has a density of 8.11 g/cm³ (0.293 lb/in³), lighter than 77% of nickel alloy grades. It melts at 1,360°C (2,480 °F).
Mechanical14
601GC-HRA has a yield strength of 290 MPa (42.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 655 MPa (95 ksi) — weaker than 81% of nickel alloy grades. Elongation at break is 45% and the elastic modulus is 206 GPa (29.9 Msi).
Thermal6
601GC-HRA is rated for continuous service to 1,200°C (2,192 °F). It conducts heat at 11.3 W/m·K (6.53 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 50% of nickel alloy grades. Thermal expansion is 13.8 µm/m·K (7.64 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
601GC-HRA conducts electricity at 1.5 % IACS, better than 50% of nickel alloy grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is very good (78/100), better than 51% of nickel alloy grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 601GC-HRA takes about 150 MJ of energy and emits 12.5 kg of CO₂ — less than 68% of nickel alloy grades. Typical recycled content is 35%.
Manufacturability8
601GC-HRA's machinability is poor (24/100, better than 71% of nickel alloy grades); weldability excellent (85/100); formability very good (72/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with 601GC-HRA
Is 601GC easy to machine?
Machine like a gummy austenitic superalloy: rigid setup, positive-rake sharp carbide or ceramic tooling, heavy depth of cut, low speed (≈15–25 m/min carbide) and flood coolant to avoid work-hardened glazing.
Can 601GC be welded?
Readily welded by GTAW/GMAW/SMAW with matching alloy 601 or ERNiCrFe/ERNiCrCoMo fillers; no preheat or PWHT normally required, keep interpass low and use clean, sulphur-free surfaces because of the Al content.
Can 601GC be formed, bent or molded?
Excellent cold formability but high work-hardening rate — allow extra power, generous radii and intermediate anneals at 1120–1180 °C followed by rapid cooling; hot work 1200–950 °C.
What surface finishes work on 601GC?
Pickle in HNO₃-HF or grit blast plus pickling to remove the tenacious Al-Cr oxide before welding or brazing; bright-annealed or abrasive-polished finishes are common, no anodising or plating typical.
601GC chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| NiNi + Co | 58 – 63 | 60.5 |
| Cr | 21 – 25 | 23 |
| AlGC version holds Al in a narrow band for a stable alumina-rich scale | 1 – 1.7 | 1.35 |
| CGC version restricts C for improved ductility/thermal fatigue | ≤ 0.1 | 0.05 |
| Mn | ≤ 1 | 0.3 |
| Sicontrolled low in GC grade | ≤ 0.5 | 0.25 |
| Cu | ≤ 1 | 0.1 |
| S | ≤ 0.02 | 0 |
| Febalance, typically 13–15 % | balance | — |
601GC-HRA — frequently asked
What is 601GC-HRA used for?
601GC-HRA is typically used for gas turbine combustion liners, transition pieces, furnace hardware and high-temperature oxidation-resistant fixtures. In short: turbine-grade Alloy 601; 1200 °C service capability; formable and readily welded.
What is the yield strength of 601GC-HRA?
601GC-HRA has a typical yield strength of 290 MPa (42.1 ksi) and a tensile strength of 655 MPa (95 ksi) — weaker than 81% of nickel alloy grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 5 listed tempers.
Is 601GC-HRA easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated poor (24/100, better than 71% of nickel alloy grades). Machine like a gummy austenitic superalloy: rigid setup, positive-rake sharp carbide or ceramic tooling, heavy depth of cut, low speed (≈15–25 m/min carbide) and flood coolant to avoid work-hardened glazing.
Can 601GC-HRA be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated excellent (85/100). Readily welded by GTAW/GMAW/SMAW with matching alloy 601 or ERNiCrFe/ERNiCrCoMo fillers; no preheat or PWHT normally required, keep interpass low and use clean, sulphur-free surfaces because of the Al content.
What surface finishes work on 601GC-HRA?
Pickle in HNO₃-HF or grit blast plus pickling to remove the tenacious Al-Cr oxide before welding or brazing; bright-annealed or abrasive-polished finishes are common, no anodising or plating typical.
Can 601GC-HRA be formed, bent or molded?
Excellent cold formability but high work-hardening rate — allow extra power, generous radii and intermediate anneals at 1120–1180 °C followed by rapid cooling; hot work 1200–950 °C.
What is the maximum service temperature of 601GC-HRA?
601GC-HRA is rated for continuous use to about 1,200°C (2,192 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 601GC-ANN and 601GC-CD?
ANN is the default condition — standard stock condition for combustor liners and furnace parts; best combination of ductility, formability and weldability. CD: use when higher room-temperature strength, straightness and better chip control are needed; not for service above ~600 °C without re-anneal. Yield strength is 310 MPa in ANN versus 550 MPa in CD.
Sources
- INCONEL alloy 601 / 601GC technical bulletin — Special Metals Corporation (2008)
- ASTM B168 — Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloy Plate, Sheet and Strip — ASTM International (2019)
- ASTM B166 — Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloy Rod, Bar and Wire — ASTM International (2019)
- ASM Handbook Vol.2 — Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol.13B — Corrosion: Materials — ASM International (2005)
- VdTÜV / DIN material sheet for 2.4851 NiCr23Fe (alloy 601) — DIN/VdTÜV (2015)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.