Titanium Grade 9
ASTM Grade 9 · UNS R56320 · EN Ti3Al2.5V, 3.7195 · GB TA18 · AMS 4943, 4944
Grade 9 (Ti-3Al-2.5V, UNS R56320 / 3.7195 / TA18) is a lean alpha-beta titanium alloy with small aluminium and vanadium additions, covered by ASTM B338 Grade 9 and related tube, sheet and bar specifications.
Values for the O condition
Grade 9 tempers and conditions
Grade 9 is supplied in 3 conditions, soft to hard. O is the default FabDigit quotes; the values on this page are for it.
Compare all 3 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ODefault Annealed | Pick for maximum ductility and cold forming/bending of tube, sheet and bar; the default stocked condition. | 570 | 690 | 20 | 24 HRC | — |
Cold Worked, Stress Relieved | Pick for high-pressure hydraulic tubing and lightweight structural tube where strength/weight matters more than formability. | 790 | 900 | 12 | 32 HRC | — |
Cold worked | Pick for hard-drawn wire/small tube where maximum as-drawn strength is wanted and residual stress is acceptable. | 850 | 950 | 10 | 34 HRC | 1.4 % IACS |
What is Grade 9?
Grade 9 (Ti-3Al-2.5V, UNS R56320 / 3.7195 / TA18) is a lean alpha-beta titanium alloy with small aluminium and vanadium additions, covered by ASTM B338 Grade 9 and related tube, sheet and bar specifications. Engineers select it for seamless hydraulic tubing, thin-wall tube assemblies and cold-formed sheet parts because it bends, end-forms and welds far more easily than Ti-6Al-4V while giving 570 MPa yield, 690 MPa tensile and 20% elongation at 24 HRC. Service is limited to about 300 °C and machinability is poor (score 28). Where higher strength is needed in a machined part, Ti-6Al-4V is the nearest alternative; where maximum formability and corrosion resistance matter more than strength, use CP Grade 2. Grade 9 has a density of 4.48 g/cm³ (0.162 lb/in³), lighter than 71% of titanium grades. It melts at 1,650°C (3,002 °F). Grade 9 has a yield strength of 570 MPa (82.7 ksi) and a tensile strength of 690 MPa (100 ksi) — weaker than 52% of titanium grades. Elongation at break is 20% and the elastic modulus is 100 GPa (14.5 Msi).
What is Grade 9 used for?
- Aircraft hydraulic tubing
- Bicycle frame tubes
- Thin-wall tube assemblies and end-formed fittings
- Golf club shafts and sporting goods tubing
- Honeycomb and ducting sheet components
- Marine and instrumentation tubing
- Cold-formed aerospace brackets
Grade 9 properties
Typical room-temperature values for Grade 9-O; bars are the position among titanium grades.
Physical3
Grade 9 has a density of 4.48 g/cm³ (0.162 lb/in³), lighter than 71% of titanium grades. It melts at 1,650°C (3,002 °F).
Mechanical16
Grade 9 has a yield strength of 570 MPa (82.7 ksi) and a tensile strength of 690 MPa (100 ksi) — weaker than 52% of titanium grades. Elongation at break is 20% and the elastic modulus is 100 GPa (14.5 Msi).
Thermal6
Grade 9 is rated for continuous service to 300°C (572 °F). It conducts heat at 7.6 W/m·K (4.39 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 59% of titanium grades. Thermal expansion is 9.2 µm/m·K (5.11 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
Grade 9 conducts electricity at 1.4 % IACS, better than 53% of titanium grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is excellent (90/100), worse than 63% of titanium grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of Grade 9 takes about 650 MJ of energy and emits 42 kg of CO₂ — less than 75% of titanium grades. Typical recycled content is 25%.
Manufacturability8
Grade 9's machinability is poor (28/100, better than 59% of titanium grades); weldability very good (80/100); formability good (60/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Strength versus weight in the titanium family
Yield strength against density for every titanium grade FabDigit runs. Grade 9 is highlighted; hover a dot for its name, or open the interactive family chart.
Working with Grade 9
Is Grade 9 easy to machine?
Machine slow-surface-speed / high-feed with rigid setups, sharp uncoated-carbide or coated inserts and flood coolant; avoid dwelling and light rubbing cuts because of low thermal conductivity and galling.
Can Grade 9 be welded?
Very good GTAW/plasma/EB weldability with argon shielding plus trailing/backing gas; keep surfaces clean and interstitials low, weld strength approaches base metal in the annealed condition.
Can Grade 9 be formed, bent or molded?
Best cold formability of the aerospace Ti alloys — tube can be bent and end-formed; use generous bend radii, expect strong springback, and warm form (200–500 °C) or stress-relieve at 480–595 °C for tight geometries.
Manufacturability
The process limits FabDigit's quote engine applies to Grade 9. Design inside these and the part quotes instantly; outside them it routes to an engineer.
CNC machining
| Machinability | Fair28 / 100 |
|---|---|
| ISO material group | S.3 |
| Cutting speed (rough / finish) | 60 / 75 m/min |
| Minimum wall | 1 mm |
| Minimum internal radius | 1.5 mm |
| Drill depth limit | 4× diameter |
| Best surface (machined / polished) | Ra 1.6 / — |
| Hardenable after machining | No |
Sheet metal
| Formability | Fair60 / 100 |
|---|---|
| Weldability | Good80 / 100 |
Grade 9 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Al | 2.5 – 3.5 | 3 |
| V | 2 – 3 | 2.5 |
| Fe | ≤ 0.25 | |
| O | ≤ 0.15 | |
| C | ≤ 0.08 | |
| N | ≤ 0.03 | |
| Hmax (0.0125 for tube per some specs) | ≤ 0.02 | |
| Other, eachresidual | ≤ 0.1 | |
| Other, totalresidual | ≤ 0.4 | |
| Ti | balance |
What surface finishes work on Grade 9?
Pickle in HNO₃/HF to remove alpha case after hot work; accepts colour/anodic oxide films, shot peening for fatigue, and polishes well — avoid chloride-bearing residues and hydrogen-charging processes.
Surface treatments FabDigit runs on titanium parts — pick them in the quote configurator or call them out on the drawing. Each links to its datasheet in the surface-finish library (thickness, specs, call-out, material verdicts).
Passivation
Conversion Coating
Organic Coating
CVD Coating
Thermal Spray
Equivalent designations
Standards and trade names that resolve to Titanium Grade 9 in FabDigit's catalog. Equivalence is nominal — check the exact specification when certification matters.
- UNS
- R56320
- ASTM
- B338 Grade 9
- AMS
- 49434944
- EN / DIN / Werkstoff-Nr.
- Ti3Al2.5V3.7195
- GB (China)
- TA18
How much does Grade 9 cost?
Grade 9 is a high-cost titanium ($$$$), pricier than about 98% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Grade 9 — frequently asked
What is Grade 9 used for?
Grade 9 is typically used for aircraft hydraulic tubing, bicycle frame tubes, thin-wall tube assemblies and end-formed fittings, golf club shafts and sporting goods tubing, honeycomb and ducting sheet components and marine and instrumentation tubing. In short: cold-formable aerospace titanium.
What is the yield strength of Grade 9?
Grade 9 has a typical yield strength of 570 MPa (82.7 ksi) and a tensile strength of 690 MPa (100 ksi) — weaker than 52% of titanium grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 3 listed tempers.
Is Grade 9 easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated poor (28/100, better than 59% of titanium grades). Machine slow-surface-speed / high-feed with rigid setups, sharp uncoated-carbide or coated inserts and flood coolant; avoid dwelling and light rubbing cuts because of low thermal conductivity and galling.
Can Grade 9 be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated very good (80/100). Very good GTAW/plasma/EB weldability with argon shielding plus trailing/backing gas; keep surfaces clean and interstitials low, weld strength approaches base metal in the annealed condition.
What surface finishes work on Grade 9?
Pickle in HNO₃/HF to remove alpha case after hot work; accepts colour/anodic oxide films, shot peening for fatigue, and polishes well — avoid chloride-bearing residues and hydrogen-charging processes.
Can Grade 9 be formed, bent or molded?
Best cold formability of the aerospace Ti alloys — tube can be bent and end-formed; use generous bend radii, expect strong springback, and warm form (200–500 °C) or stress-relieve at 480–595 °C for tight geometries.
What is the maximum service temperature of Grade 9?
Grade 9 is rated for continuous use to about 300°C (572 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between Grade 9-O and Grade 9-CW?
O is the default condition — pick for maximum ductility and cold forming/bending of tube, sheet and bar; the default stocked condition. CW: pick for hard-drawn wire/small tube where maximum as-drawn strength is wanted and residual stress is acceptable. Yield strength is 570 MPa in O versus 850 MPa in CW.
How much does Grade 9 cost?
Grade 9 is a high-cost titanium ($$$$), pricier than about 98% of the materials FabDigit quotes. Part price depends far more on geometry, tolerance and quantity than on the raw stock — upload a CAD file for a live quote.
Can FabDigit make parts in Grade 9?
Yes — Grade 9 is available for CNC machining and sheet metal with instant online pricing. Upload a STEP file to get a price and a DFM check.
Sources
- ASTM B338 — Seamless and Welded Titanium and Titanium Alloy Tubes for Condensers and Heat Exchangers — ASTM International (2017)
- ASTM B265 / B348 — Titanium and Titanium Alloy Strip, Sheet, Plate and Bar — ASTM International (2020)
- AMS 4943 / AMS 4944 / AMS 4945 — Ti-3Al-2.5V Tubing — SAE International (2018)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 2 — Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- Materials Properties Handbook: Titanium Alloys — ASM International (1994)
- MMPDS typical property tables for Ti-3Al-2.5V — Battelle / FAA (2021)
- GB/T 3624 / GB/T 3625 (TA18) (2019)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison; hardness values on non-Brinell scales are converted approximately for charting only. Manufacturability limits are FabDigit quote-engine defaults and may be relaxed by engineering review. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.