Steel X16CrMo5-1 +N (Normalized)
Heat-treated state
EN X16CrMo5-1
Intermediate condition after hot forging; hard and brittle, normally tempered before service.
Values for the +N condition
Other X16CrMo5-1 tempers and conditions
X16CrMo5-1 is listed in 4 conditions; see the grade overview at X16CrMo5-1.
Compare all 4 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Annealed | Softest supply condition for machining, deep boring and cold work before final heat treatment. | 330 | 560 | 24 | 170 HB | — |
+NTDefault Normalized and tempered | Standard delivery condition for A182 F5a flanges, valve bodies and high-temperature pressure forgings. | 500 | 700 | 20 | 20 HRC | — |
Quenched and tempered | Higher-strength condition used for bolting (EN 10269) and heavy forgings where yield above 500 MPa is required. | 620 | 820 | 17 | 25 HRC | — |
+NThis page Normalized | Intermediate condition after hot forging; hard and brittle, normally tempered before service. | 650 | 900 | 14 | 29 HRC | — |
What is X16CrMo5-1 +N?
X16CrMo5-1 +N is X16CrMo5-1 heat treated to +N — intermediate condition after hot forging; hard and brittle, normally tempered before service. X16CrMo5-1 +N has a yield strength of 650 MPa (94.3 ksi) and a tensile strength of 900 MPa (131 ksi) — stronger than 79% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 14% and the elastic modulus is 213 GPa (30.9 Msi). X16CrMo5-1 +N has a density of 7.75 g/cm³ (0.28 lb/in³), lighter than 93% of steel grades. It melts at 1,450°C (2,642 °F). +NT is the default condition FabDigit quotes; +N is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- High service temperature — 600°C (1,112 °F), better than 98% of steel grades
- Good corrosion resistance — 26/100, better than 93% of steel grades
- High strength — 650 MPa (94.3 ksi), better than 79% of steel grades
Limitations
- Low electrical conductivity — 2.9 % IACS, worse than 93% of steel grades
- Difficult to machine — 30/100, worse than 89% of steel grades
- Limited formability — 15/100, worse than 87% of steel grades
- Limited ductility — 14%, worse than 75% of steel grades
X16CrMo5-1 +N properties
Typical room-temperature values for X16CrMo5-1 +N; 11 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are X16CrMo5-1 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
X16CrMo5-1 +N has a density of 7.75 g/cm³ (0.28 lb/in³), lighter than 93% of steel grades. It melts at 1,450°C (2,642 °F).
Mechanical16
X16CrMo5-1 +N has a yield strength of 650 MPa (94.3 ksi) and a tensile strength of 900 MPa (131 ksi) — stronger than 79% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 14% and the elastic modulus is 213 GPa (30.9 Msi).
Thermal6
X16CrMo5-1 +N is rated for continuous service to 600°C (1,112 °F). It conducts heat at 36 W/m·K (20.8 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 73% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 11.3 µm/m·K (6.28 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
X16CrMo5-1 +N conducts electricity at 2.9 % IACS, worse than 93% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is poor (26/100), better than 93% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of X16CrMo5-1 +N takes about 34 MJ of energy and emits 2.4 kg of CO₂ — more than 82% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 30%.
Manufacturability7
X16CrMo5-1 +N's machinability is poor (30/100, worse than 89% of steel grades); weldability fair (35/100); formability poor (15/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with X16CrMo5-1 +N
Is X16CrMo5-1 easy to machine?
Machine in the annealed or N+T state with rigid setups, coated carbide and generous coolant; the air-hardening matrix work-hardens and burnishes if feeds are too light.
Can X16CrMo5-1 be welded?
Weld with matching 5Cr-0.5Mo (E8018-B6 / ER80S-B6) filler, 200–300 °C preheat and interpass, and mandatory 700–760 °C post-weld heat treatment to avoid hard, crack-prone HAZ.
Can X16CrMo5-1 be formed, bent or molded?
Hot forge at 1050–1150 °C and finish above 900 °C, then slow-cool or immediately anneal; cold forming is limited to gentle bends because the steel hardens on air cooling.
What surface finishes work on X16CrMo5-1?
Not anodizable — protect with paint, aluminizing, thermal-spray or phosphating; polishes to a fair finish but will rust in humid storage without oiling.
X16CrMo5-1 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Chigher than X11CrMo5 / F5 for extra strength | 0.12 – 0.2 | 0.16 |
| Si | ≤ 0.5 | 0.3 |
| Mn | 0.4 – 0.8 | 0.6 |
| P | ≤ 0.03 | — |
| S≤0.015 for pressure/bolting grades | ≤ 0.02 | — |
| Cr | 4 – 6 | 5 |
| Mo | 0.45 – 0.65 | 0.55 |
| Niresidual | ≤ 0.3 | — |
| Fe | balance | — |
X16CrMo5-1 +N — frequently asked
What is X16CrMo5-1 +N used for?
X16CrMo5-1 +N is typically used for valve seats, high-temperature fasteners and flanges. In short: higher-carbon 5Cr-1Mo grade; 600 °C forging steel; air-hardening, PWHT mandatory.
What is the yield strength of X16CrMo5-1 +N?
X16CrMo5-1 +N has a typical yield strength of 650 MPa (94.3 ksi) and a tensile strength of 900 MPa (131 ksi) — stronger than 79% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 4 listed tempers.
Is X16CrMo5-1 +N easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated poor (30/100, worse than 89% of steel grades). Machine in the annealed or N+T state with rigid setups, coated carbide and generous coolant; the air-hardening matrix work-hardens and burnishes if feeds are too light.
Can X16CrMo5-1 +N be welded?
With care — weldability is rated fair (35/100). Weld with matching 5Cr-0.5Mo (E8018-B6 / ER80S-B6) filler, 200–300 °C preheat and interpass, and mandatory 700–760 °C post-weld heat treatment to avoid hard, crack-prone HAZ.
What surface finishes work on X16CrMo5-1 +N?
Not anodizable — protect with paint, aluminizing, thermal-spray or phosphating; polishes to a fair finish but will rust in humid storage without oiling.
Can X16CrMo5-1 +N be formed, bent or molded?
Hot forge at 1050–1150 °C and finish above 900 °C, then slow-cool or immediately anneal; cold forming is limited to gentle bends because the steel hardens on air cooling.
What is the maximum service temperature of X16CrMo5-1 +N?
X16CrMo5-1 +N is rated for continuous use to about 600°C (1,112 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
Sources
- EN 10222-2 — Steel forgings for pressure purposes: ferritic and martensitic steels with elevated-temperature properties — CEN (2017)
- EN 10269 — Steels and nickel alloys for fasteners with specified elevated and/or low temperature properties — CEN (2013)
- ASTM A182/A182M — Forged or Rolled Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe Flanges, Fittings, Valves and Parts (grade F5a) — ASTM International (2023)
- ASME BPVC Section II Part D — Materials, Properties (5Cr-1/2Mo) — ASME (2023)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- API RP 941 — Steels for Hydrogen Service at Elevated Temperatures — API (2016)
- 12Cr5Mo/1Cr5Mo — Mysteel / 1688 (2026)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.