Steel ER90S-D2 PWHT
Heat-treated state
PWHT = post-weld heat treated
Pick when the fabrication must be stress-relieved or PWHT'd; strength drops to the ER80S-D2 (550 MPa) level with improved ductility.
Values for the PWHT condition
Other ER90S-D2 tempers and conditions
ER90S-D2 is listed in 2 conditions; see the grade overview at ER90S-D2.
- PWHT
- AW
Compare all 2 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PWHTThis page Post-weld heat treated | Pick when the fabrication must be stress-relieved or PWHT'd; strength drops to the ER80S-D2 (550 MPa) level with improved ductility. | 500 | 600 | 26 | 11 HRC | 8.5 % IACS |
AWDefault As-welded deposit | Standard classification condition for ER90S-D2: use for 90 ksi-class joints that will not be post-weld heat treated. | 570 | 660 | 23 | 17 HRC | 8 % IACS |
What is ER90S-D2 PWHT?
ER90S-D2 PWHT is ER90S-D2 heat treated to PWHT — pick when the fabrication must be stress-relieved or PWHT'd; strength drops to the ER80S-D2 (550 MPa) level with improved ductility. ER90S-D2 PWHT has a yield strength of 500 MPa (72.5 ksi) and a tensile strength of 600 MPa (87 ksi) — stronger than 63% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 26% and the elastic modulus is 205 GPa (29.7 Msi). ER90S-D2 PWHT has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,470°C (2,678 °F). AW is the default condition FabDigit quotes; PWHT is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- Readily welded — 90/100, better than 90% of steel grades
- Tough — resists crack growth — 125 MPa·√m (113.8 ksi·√in), better than 85% of steel grades
- Ductile — tolerates forming and impact — 26%, better than 82% of steel grades
ER90S-D2 PWHT properties
Typical room-temperature values for ER90S-D2 PWHT; 23 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are ER90S-D2 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
ER90S-D2 PWHT has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,470°C (2,678 °F).
Mechanical17
ER90S-D2 PWHT has a yield strength of 500 MPa (72.5 ksi) and a tensile strength of 600 MPa (87 ksi) — stronger than 63% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 26% and the elastic modulus is 205 GPa (29.7 Msi).
Thermal6
ER90S-D2 PWHT is rated for continuous service to 425°C (797 °F). It conducts heat at 44 W/m·K (25.4 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 57% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 12.5 µm/m·K (6.94 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
ER90S-D2 PWHT conducts electricity at 8.5 % IACS, better than 63% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is not recommended (12/100), worse than 53% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of ER90S-D2 PWHT takes about 32 MJ of energy and emits 2.4 kg of CO₂ — more than 70% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 30%.
Manufacturability7
ER90S-D2 PWHT's machinability is good (55/100, better than 62% of steel grades); weldability excellent (90/100); formability fair (50/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with ER90S-D2 PWHT
Is ER90S-D2 easy to machine?
Deposited metal machines like normalized HSLA steel (~200 HB); use carbide tooling, expect harder spots at fusion boundaries and in unbuffered starts/stops.
Can ER90S-D2 be welded?
GMAW with CO₂ or Ar–CO₂/Ar–O₂; keep heat input, preheat and interpass temperature per the base metal's CE, limit moisture on the wire, and avoid long PWHT if the 90 ksi class must be retained.
Can ER90S-D2 be formed, bent or molded?
Not a formed product; the wire is cold drawn and copper coated — keep spools dry and avoid kinking to preserve feedability.
What surface finishes work on ER90S-D2?
Weld metal has no inherent corrosion resistance: grind/blast and then paint, phosphate, metallize or zinc coat together with the base metal.
ER90S-D2 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| C | 0.07 – 0.12 | 0.1 |
| Mn | 1.6 – 2.1 | 1.85 |
| Si | 0.5 – 0.8 | 0.65 |
| Mo | 0.4 – 0.6 | 0.5 |
| P | ≤ 0.03 | 0.01 |
| S | ≤ 0.03 | 0.01 |
| Niresidual | ≤ 0.15 | 0.05 |
| Crresidual | ≤ 0.15 | 0.05 |
| Vresidual | ≤ 0.05 | 0.01 |
| Cuincludes copper coating | ≤ 0.5 | 0.2 |
| Fe | balance | — |
ER90S-D2 PWHT — frequently asked
What is ER90S-D2 PWHT used for?
ER90S-D2 PWHT is typically used for high-strength structural steel welding, heavy machinery fabrication and pressure vessel welds requiring 90ksi weld metal. In short: 90 ksi Mn-Mo wire; strongest of D2 family; single-shield CO₂ capable.
What is the yield strength of ER90S-D2 PWHT?
ER90S-D2 PWHT has a typical yield strength of 500 MPa (72.5 ksi) and a tensile strength of 600 MPa (87 ksi) — stronger than 63% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 2 listed tempers.
Is ER90S-D2 PWHT easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated good (55/100, better than 62% of steel grades). Deposited metal machines like normalized HSLA steel (~200 HB); use carbide tooling, expect harder spots at fusion boundaries and in unbuffered starts/stops.
Can ER90S-D2 PWHT be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated excellent (90/100). GMAW with CO₂ or Ar–CO₂/Ar–O₂; keep heat input, preheat and interpass temperature per the base metal's CE, limit moisture on the wire, and avoid long PWHT if the 90 ksi class must be retained.
What surface finishes work on ER90S-D2 PWHT?
Weld metal has no inherent corrosion resistance: grind/blast and then paint, phosphate, metallize or zinc coat together with the base metal.
Can ER90S-D2 PWHT be formed, bent or molded?
Not a formed product; the wire is cold drawn and copper coated — keep spools dry and avoid kinking to preserve feedability.
What is the maximum service temperature of ER90S-D2 PWHT?
ER90S-D2 PWHT is rated for continuous use to about 425°C (797 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between ER90S-D2-AW and ER90S-D2 PWHT?
AW is the default condition — standard classification condition for ER90S-D2: use for 90 ksi-class joints that will not be post-weld heat treated. PWHT: pick when the fabrication must be stress-relieved or PWHT'd; strength drops to the ER80S-D2 (550 MPa) level with improved ductility. Yield strength is 570 MPa in AW versus 500 MPa in PWHT.
Sources
- AWS A5.28/A5.28M — Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes and Rods for Gas Shielded Arc Welding — AWS (2020)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 6 — Welding, Brazing and Soldering — ASM International (1993)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels — ASM International (1990)
- Mn-Mo solid MIG wire (90 ksi class) product data — Lincoln Electric / ESAB / Hobart (2023)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.