Steel ER309L AW-GTAW
Finish state
UNS S30983 · ASTM A5.9 · EN 23 12 L · JIS YS309L, Y309L · GB H08Cr23Ni13, H309L
AW-GTAW = as Welded
Pick for root passes, thin sections and clean low-oxygen deposits with the highest toughness.
Values for the AW-GTAW condition
Other ER309L tempers and conditions
ER309L is listed in 6 conditions; see the grade overview at ER309L.
Compare all 6 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Solution Annealed deposit | Used on clad components requiring maximum corrosion resistance and dissolution of carbides/sigma; lowers strength, raises ductility. | 300 | 540 | 45 | 160 HB | 2.4 % IACS |
As Welded | Pick for heavy-section overlay and pressure-vessel cladding; flux choice controls Cr/Si recovery and ferrite. | 380 | 560 | 35 | 175 HB | 2.3 % IACS |
AW-GTAWThis page As Welded | Pick for root passes, thin sections and clean low-oxygen deposits with the highest toughness. | 390 | 570 | 40 | 180 HB | 2.3 % IACS |
Post-Weld Stress Relieved | Applies when the ferritic base metal demands PWHT; ductility and toughness drop from carbide/sigma precipitation in the deposit. | 395 | 570 | 32 | 195 HB | 2.4 % IACS |
AWDefault As-welded deposit | Default condition: properties of the undiluted deposit as laid down, no post-weld heat treatment. | 400 | 580 | 38 | 11 HRC | 2.3 % IACS |
As Welded | Pick for higher deposition rate fill passes and overlay cladding on carbon steel. | 410 | 590 | 36 | 190 HB | 2.3 % IACS |
What is ER309L AW-GTAW?
ER309L AW-GTAW is ER309L supplied in the AW-GTAW condition — pick for root passes, thin sections and clean low-oxygen deposits with the highest toughness. ER309L AW-GTAW has a yield strength of 390 MPa (56.6 ksi) and a tensile strength of 570 MPa (82.7 ksi) — weaker than 64% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 40% and the elastic modulus is 196 GPa (28.4 Msi). ER309L AW-GTAW has a density of 7.9 g/cm³ (0.285 lb/in³), heavier than 93% of steel grades. It melts at 1,400°C (2,552 °F). AW is the default condition FabDigit quotes; AW-GTAW is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- High service temperature — 1,000°C (1,832 °F), better than 100% of steel grades
- Good corrosion resistance — 70/100, better than 100% of steel grades
- Ductile — tolerates forming and impact — 40%, better than 99% of steel grades
- Tough — resists crack growth — 180 MPa·√m (163.8 ksi·√in), better than 99% of steel grades
- Readily welded — 90/100, better than 90% of steel grades
Limitations
- Poor heat conductor — 15.5 W/m·K (8.96 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 98% of steel grades
- Low electrical conductivity — 2.3 % IACS, worse than 98% of steel grades
- High embodied carbon — 4.6 kg CO₂/kg, worse than 96% of steel grades
- Difficult to machine — 35/100, worse than 84% of steel grades
ER309L AW-GTAW properties
Typical room-temperature values for ER309L AW-GTAW; 22 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are ER309L reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
ER309L AW-GTAW has a density of 7.9 g/cm³ (0.285 lb/in³), heavier than 93% of steel grades. It melts at 1,400°C (2,552 °F).
Mechanical17
ER309L AW-GTAW has a yield strength of 390 MPa (56.6 ksi) and a tensile strength of 570 MPa (82.7 ksi) — weaker than 64% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 40% and the elastic modulus is 196 GPa (28.4 Msi).
Thermal6
ER309L AW-GTAW is rated for continuous service to 1,000°C (1,832 °F). It conducts heat at 15.5 W/m·K (8.96 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 98% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 15.5 µm/m·K (8.61 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
ER309L AW-GTAW conducts electricity at 2.3 % IACS, worse than 98% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is very good (70/100), better than 100% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of ER309L AW-GTAW takes about 55 MJ of energy and emits 4.6 kg of CO₂ — more than 94% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 60%.
Manufacturability7
ER309L AW-GTAW's machinability is fair (35/100, worse than 84% of steel grades); weldability excellent (90/100); formability good (60/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with ER309L AW-GTAW
Is ER309L easy to machine?
Deposit machines like 309/304 — tough, gummy and work-hardening; use sharp positive-rake carbide, heavy feed, no dwelling, and flood coolant.
Can ER309L be welded?
Run stringer beads with low heat input and interpass ≤150 °C; keep 8–15 FN ferrite to avoid hot cracking, and use it as a buttering layer before joining CS to stainless.
Can ER309L be formed, bent or molded?
Supplied as drawn wire only; deposits are ductile (≥30 % elongation) but strongly work-hardening, so cold straightening of clad parts should be limited.
What surface finishes work on ER309L?
Pickle and passivate or electropolish after welding to remove heat tint; deposit takes a good but slightly duller polish than 304 due to delta ferrite.
ER309L chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| CL = low carbon, limits sensitisation | ≤ 0.03 | 0.02 |
| Cr | 23 – 25 | 24 |
| Ni | 12 – 14 | 13 |
| Mn | 1 – 2.5 | 1.8 |
| Sisome producers supply Si-controlled variants | 0.3 – 0.65 | 0.45 |
| Moresidual | ≤ 0.75 | 0.1 |
| Curesidual | ≤ 0.75 | 0.15 |
| P | ≤ 0.03 | 0.02 |
| S | ≤ 0.03 | 0.01 |
| Fe | balance | — |
ER309L AW-GTAW — frequently asked
What is ER309L AW-GTAW used for?
ER309L AW-GTAW is typically used for dissimilar metal joints, stainless-to-carbon steel welding and overlay/cladding. In short: standard dissimilar-metal filler; tolerates carbon steel dilution; buttering and cladding wire.
What is the yield strength of ER309L AW-GTAW?
ER309L AW-GTAW has a typical yield strength of 390 MPa (56.6 ksi) and a tensile strength of 570 MPa (82.7 ksi) — weaker than 64% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 6 listed tempers.
Is ER309L AW-GTAW easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated fair (35/100, worse than 84% of steel grades). Deposit machines like 309/304 — tough, gummy and work-hardening; use sharp positive-rake carbide, heavy feed, no dwelling, and flood coolant.
Can ER309L AW-GTAW be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated excellent (90/100). Run stringer beads with low heat input and interpass ≤150 °C; keep 8–15 FN ferrite to avoid hot cracking, and use it as a buttering layer before joining CS to stainless.
What surface finishes work on ER309L AW-GTAW?
Pickle and passivate or electropolish after welding to remove heat tint; deposit takes a good but slightly duller polish than 304 due to delta ferrite.
Can ER309L AW-GTAW be formed, bent or molded?
Supplied as drawn wire only; deposits are ductile (≥30 % elongation) but strongly work-hardening, so cold straightening of clad parts should be limited.
What is the maximum service temperature of ER309L AW-GTAW?
ER309L AW-GTAW is rated for continuous use to about 1,000°C (1,832 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between ER309L-AW and ER309L SA-1040?
AW is the default condition — default condition: properties of the undiluted deposit as laid down, no post-weld heat treatment. SA-1040: used on clad components requiring maximum corrosion resistance and dissolution of carbides/sigma; lowers strength, raises ductility. Yield strength is 400 MPa in AW versus 300 MPa in SA-1040.
Sources
- AWS A5.9/A5.9M — Bare Stainless Steel Welding Electrodes and Rods — AWS (2017)
- GB/T 29713 (H08Cr23Ni13 / ER309L) — SAC (2017)
- ISO 14343 / EN 14343 — 23 12 L — ISO (2017)
- ASM Handbook Vol.6 — Welding, Brazing and Soldering — ASM International (1993)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties of Stainless Steels (Type 309/309S) — ASM International (1990)
- ER309L solid wire all-weld-metal data (Böhler/ESAB/Lincoln/ ) — various welding consumable producers (2023)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.