Steel En16 Annealed
Temper
Pick for heavy machining, cold forming or before re-hardening; lowest strength.
Values for the Annealed condition
Other En16 tempers and conditions
En16 is listed in 8 conditions; see the grade overview at En16.
Compare all 8 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AnnealedThis page softened for machining/forming | Pick for heavy machining, cold forming or before re-hardening; lowest strength. | 400 | 640 | 24 | 190 HB | — |
Normalized | Uniform grain and medium strength for parts that will be finish heat treated or lightly loaded. | 480 | 760 | 20 | 20 HRC | — |
Hardened and tempered, 700–850 MPa | Lowest Q&T class — largest ruling sections and best ductility/toughness. | 560 | 775 | 20 | 20 HRC | — |
Cold drawn | Bright cold-drawn bar for close tolerance parts that will not be re-heat-treated. | 620 | 800 | 12 | 23 HRC | 8 % IACS |
Hardened and tempered, 770–930 MPa | Intermediate Q&T class where a little more strength than R is needed with good toughness. | 640 | 850 | 18 | 25 HRC | — |
TDefault Hardened and tempered, 850–1000 MPa | The standard stocked condition for En16 shafts, axles and general engineering parts. | 700 | 925 | 16 | 28 HRC | — |
Hardened and tempered, 1000–1150 MPa | High-strength class for smaller sections where toughness demands are moderate. | 880 | 1,075 | 14 | 34 HRC | — |
Solution heat treated (unstable) | Highest common Q&T class for En16 — small sections, highly stressed bolts and pins. | 960 | 1,150 | 13 | 36 HRC | — |
What is En16 Annealed?
En16 Annealed is En16 in the Annealed temper — pick for heavy machining, cold forming or before re-hardening; lowest strength. En16 Annealed has a yield strength of 400 MPa (58 ksi) and a tensile strength of 640 MPa (92.8 ksi) — weaker than 60% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 24% and the elastic modulus is 210 GPa (30.5 Msi). En16 Annealed has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,420°C (2,588 °F). T is the default condition FabDigit quotes; Annealed is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- Polishes to a fine finish — 65/100, better than 78% of steel grades
En16 Annealed properties
Typical room-temperature values for En16 Annealed; 12 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are En16 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
En16 Annealed has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,420°C (2,588 °F).
Mechanical16
En16 Annealed has a yield strength of 400 MPa (58 ksi) and a tensile strength of 640 MPa (92.8 ksi) — weaker than 60% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 24% and the elastic modulus is 210 GPa (30.5 Msi).
Thermal6
En16 Annealed is rated for continuous service to 400°C (752 °F). It conducts heat at 42 W/m·K (24.3 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 56% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 12.3 µm/m·K (6.83 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
En16 Annealed conducts electricity at 8 % IACS, better than 55% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is not recommended (12/100), worse than 53% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of En16 Annealed takes about 29 MJ of energy and emits 2.3 kg of CO₂ — less than 53% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 30%.
Manufacturability7
En16 Annealed's machinability is good (60/100, better than 83% of steel grades); weldability fair (45/100); formability fair (50/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with En16 Annealed
Is En16 easy to machine?
Machines like 4140 at 250–300 HB — rigid setups, carbide inserts, 80–150 m/min turning; sulphur-bearing 605A/M free-cutting variants cut noticeably better.
Can En16 be welded?
Weldable with low-hydrogen consumables only: preheat 200–300 °C for the 0.36 %C Mn-Mo composition and stress relieve/temper below the last tempering temperature.
Can En16 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold form only in the annealed condition; hot forge 1100–1200 °C, finish above 900 °C and slow-cool or normalize before hardening.
What surface finishes work on En16?
No corrosion resistance as supplied — protect with oil, phosphate, black oxide, zinc/nickel plating or hard chrome; grind and polish well for shaft seal areas.
En16 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| C605M36 grade carbon | 0.32 – 0.4 | 0.36 |
| Si | 0.1 – 0.35 | 0.25 |
| Mn | 1.3 – 1.7 | 1.5 |
| Mo | 0.22 – 0.32 | 0.27 |
| P | ≤ 0.04 | — |
| Smax (free-cutting 605A/M variants may run 0.12–0.20 S) | ≤ 0.04 | — |
| Fe | balance | — |
En16 Annealed — frequently asked
What is En16 Annealed used for?
En16 Annealed is typically used for axle shafts, gears, crankshafts and connecting rods. In short: mn-Mo alternative to 4140; good medium-section hardenability; free-cutting variants available.
What is the yield strength of En16 Annealed?
En16 Annealed has a typical yield strength of 400 MPa (58 ksi) and a tensile strength of 640 MPa (92.8 ksi) — weaker than 60% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 8 listed tempers.
Is En16 Annealed easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated good (60/100, better than 83% of steel grades). Machines like 4140 at 250–300 HB — rigid setups, carbide inserts, 80–150 m/min turning; sulphur-bearing 605A/M free-cutting variants cut noticeably better.
Can En16 Annealed be welded?
With care — weldability is rated fair (45/100). Weldable with low-hydrogen consumables only: preheat 200–300 °C for the 0.36 %C Mn-Mo composition and stress relieve/temper below the last tempering temperature.
What surface finishes work on En16 Annealed?
No corrosion resistance as supplied — protect with oil, phosphate, black oxide, zinc/nickel plating or hard chrome; grind and polish well for shaft seal areas.
Can En16 Annealed be formed, bent or molded?
Cold form only in the annealed condition; hot forge 1100–1200 °C, finish above 900 °C and slow-cool or normalize before hardening.
What is the maximum service temperature of En16 Annealed?
En16 Annealed is rated for continuous use to about 400°C (752 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between En16-T and En16-W?
T is the default condition — the standard stocked condition for En16 shafts, axles and general engineering parts. W: highest common Q&T class for En16 — small sections, highly stressed bolts and pins. Yield strength is 700 MPa in T versus 960 MPa in W.
Sources
- BS 970-1: Wrought steels for mechanical and allied engineering purposes (605M36 / En16) — BSI (1991)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1: Properties and Selection — Irons, Steels and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol.16: Machining — ASM International (1989)
- EN16 / 605M36 alloy steel bar datasheet (UK stockists) — UK steel stockholders (2023)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.