Steel En16-N (Normalized)
Heat-treated state
Uniform grain and medium strength for parts that will be finish heat treated or lightly loaded.
Values for the N condition
Other En16 tempers and conditions
En16 is listed in 8 conditions; see the grade overview at En16.
Compare all 8 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
softened for machining/forming | Pick for heavy machining, cold forming or before re-hardening; lowest strength. | 400 | 640 | 24 | 190 HB | — |
NThis page Normalized | Uniform grain and medium strength for parts that will be finish heat treated or lightly loaded. | 480 | 760 | 20 | 20 HRC | — |
Hardened and tempered, 700–850 MPa | Lowest Q&T class — largest ruling sections and best ductility/toughness. | 560 | 775 | 20 | 20 HRC | — |
Cold drawn | Bright cold-drawn bar for close tolerance parts that will not be re-heat-treated. | 620 | 800 | 12 | 23 HRC | 8 % IACS |
Hardened and tempered, 770–930 MPa | Intermediate Q&T class where a little more strength than R is needed with good toughness. | 640 | 850 | 18 | 25 HRC | — |
TDefault Hardened and tempered, 850–1000 MPa | The standard stocked condition for En16 shafts, axles and general engineering parts. | 700 | 925 | 16 | 28 HRC | — |
Hardened and tempered, 1000–1150 MPa | High-strength class for smaller sections where toughness demands are moderate. | 880 | 1,075 | 14 | 34 HRC | — |
Solution heat treated (unstable) | Highest common Q&T class for En16 — small sections, highly stressed bolts and pins. | 960 | 1,150 | 13 | 36 HRC | — |
What is En16-N?
En16-N is En16 heat treated to N — uniform grain and medium strength for parts that will be finish heat treated or lightly loaded. En16-N has a yield strength of 480 MPa (69.6 ksi) and a tensile strength of 760 MPa (110 ksi) — stronger than 59% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 20% and the elastic modulus is 210 GPa (30.5 Msi). En16-N has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,420°C (2,588 °F). T is the default condition FabDigit quotes; N is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- Polishes to a fine finish — 65/100, better than 78% of steel grades
En16-N properties
Typical room-temperature values for En16-N; 10 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are En16 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
En16-N has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,420°C (2,588 °F).
Mechanical16
En16-N has a yield strength of 480 MPa (69.6 ksi) and a tensile strength of 760 MPa (110 ksi) — stronger than 59% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 20% and the elastic modulus is 210 GPa (30.5 Msi).
Thermal6
En16-N is rated for continuous service to 400°C (752 °F). It conducts heat at 42 W/m·K (24.3 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 56% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 12.3 µm/m·K (6.83 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
En16-N conducts electricity at 8 % IACS, better than 55% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is not recommended (12/100), worse than 53% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of En16-N takes about 29 MJ of energy and emits 2.3 kg of CO₂ — less than 53% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 30%.
Manufacturability7
En16-N's machinability is good (55/100, better than 62% of steel grades); weldability fair (35/100); formability poor (30/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with En16-N
Is En16 easy to machine?
Machines like 4140 at 250–300 HB — rigid setups, carbide inserts, 80–150 m/min turning; sulphur-bearing 605A/M free-cutting variants cut noticeably better.
Can En16 be welded?
Weldable with low-hydrogen consumables only: preheat 200–300 °C for the 0.36 %C Mn-Mo composition and stress relieve/temper below the last tempering temperature.
Can En16 be formed, bent or molded?
Cold form only in the annealed condition; hot forge 1100–1200 °C, finish above 900 °C and slow-cool or normalize before hardening.
What surface finishes work on En16?
No corrosion resistance as supplied — protect with oil, phosphate, black oxide, zinc/nickel plating or hard chrome; grind and polish well for shaft seal areas.
En16 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| C605M36 grade carbon | 0.32 – 0.4 | 0.36 |
| Si | 0.1 – 0.35 | 0.25 |
| Mn | 1.3 – 1.7 | 1.5 |
| Mo | 0.22 – 0.32 | 0.27 |
| P | ≤ 0.04 | — |
| Smax (free-cutting 605A/M variants may run 0.12–0.20 S) | ≤ 0.04 | — |
| Fe | balance | — |
En16-N — frequently asked
What is En16-N used for?
En16-N is typically used for axle shafts, gears, crankshafts and connecting rods. In short: mn-Mo alternative to 4140; good medium-section hardenability; free-cutting variants available.
What is the yield strength of En16-N?
En16-N has a typical yield strength of 480 MPa (69.6 ksi) and a tensile strength of 760 MPa (110 ksi) — stronger than 59% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 8 listed tempers.
Is En16-N easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated good (55/100, better than 62% of steel grades). Machines like 4140 at 250–300 HB — rigid setups, carbide inserts, 80–150 m/min turning; sulphur-bearing 605A/M free-cutting variants cut noticeably better.
Can En16-N be welded?
With care — weldability is rated fair (35/100). Weldable with low-hydrogen consumables only: preheat 200–300 °C for the 0.36 %C Mn-Mo composition and stress relieve/temper below the last tempering temperature.
What surface finishes work on En16-N?
No corrosion resistance as supplied — protect with oil, phosphate, black oxide, zinc/nickel plating or hard chrome; grind and polish well for shaft seal areas.
Can En16-N be formed, bent or molded?
Cold form only in the annealed condition; hot forge 1100–1200 °C, finish above 900 °C and slow-cool or normalize before hardening.
What is the maximum service temperature of En16-N?
En16-N is rated for continuous use to about 400°C (752 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between En16-T and En16-W?
T is the default condition — the standard stocked condition for En16 shafts, axles and general engineering parts. W: highest common Q&T class for En16 — small sections, highly stressed bolts and pins. Yield strength is 700 MPa in T versus 960 MPa in W.
Sources
- BS 970-1: Wrought steels for mechanical and allied engineering purposes (605M36 / En16) — BSI (1991)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1: Properties and Selection — Irons, Steels and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol.16: Machining — ASM International (1989)
- EN16 / 605M36 alloy steel bar datasheet (UK stockists) — UK steel stockholders (2023)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.