Titanium Grade 9 · heat-treated state
Titanium Grade 9 CWSR
Properties of the CWSR condition, compared with the other Grade 9 tempers.
Pick for high-pressure hydraulic tubing and lightweight structural tube where strength/weight matters more than formability.
What is Grade 9 CWSR?
Grade 9 CWSR is Grade 9 heat treated to CWSR — pick for high-pressure hydraulic tubing and lightweight structural tube where strength/weight matters more than formability. Grade 9 CWSR has a yield strength of 790 MPa (115 ksi) and a tensile strength of 900 MPa (131 ksi) — stronger than 55% of titanium grades. Elongation at break is 12% and the elastic modulus is 100 GPa (14.5 Msi). Grade 9 CWSR has a density of 4.48 g/cm³ (0.162 lb/in³), lighter than 71% of titanium grades. It melts at 1,650°C (3,002 °F). O is the default condition FabDigit quotes; CWSR is available on request or by drawing note.
Limitations
- Low fracture toughness — 55 MPa·√m (50.1 ksi·√in), worse than 90% of titanium grades
- Limited ductility — 12%, worse than 78% of titanium grades
Grade 9 CWSR properties
Typical room-temperature values for Grade 9 CWSR — 13 properties are specific to this condition; the rest are grade-level values shared by every Grade 9 temper. Each bar shows where the value sits among the titanium grades in FabDigit's library — further right is higher.
Physical3
Grade 9 CWSR has a density of 4.48 g/cm³ (0.162 lb/in³), lighter than 71% of titanium grades. It melts at 1,650°C (3,002 °F).
Mechanical16
Grade 9 CWSR has a yield strength of 790 MPa (115 ksi) and a tensile strength of 900 MPa (131 ksi) — stronger than 55% of titanium grades. Elongation at break is 12% and the elastic modulus is 100 GPa (14.5 Msi).
Thermal6
Grade 9 CWSR is rated for continuous service to 300°C (572 °F). It conducts heat at 7.6 W/m·K (4.39 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 59% of titanium grades. Thermal expansion is 9.2 µm/m·K (5.11 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
Grade 9 CWSR conducts electricity at 1.4 % IACS, better than 53% of titanium grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is excellent (90/100), worse than 63% of titanium grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of Grade 9 CWSR takes about 650 MJ of energy and emits 42 kg of CO₂ — less than 75% of titanium grades. Typical recycled content is 25%.
Manufacturability8
Grade 9 CWSR's machinability is poor (24/100, worse than 51% of titanium grades); weldability very good (70/100); formability fair (35/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Other Grade 9 tempers and conditions
Grade 9 is also supplied in 2 other conditions. The full side-by-side table is on the Grade 9 overview.
- ODefaultPick for maximum ductility and cold forming/bending of tube, sheet and bar; the default stocked condition.570 MPa yield · 24 HRC
- CWSRPick for high-pressure hydraulic tubing and lightweight structural tube where strength/weight matters more than formability.790 MPa yield · 32 HRC
Working with Grade 9 CWSR
Is Grade 9 easy to machine?
Machine slow-surface-speed / high-feed with rigid setups, sharp uncoated-carbide or coated inserts and flood coolant; avoid dwelling and light rubbing cuts because of low thermal conductivity and galling.
Can Grade 9 be welded?
Very good GTAW/plasma/EB weldability with argon shielding plus trailing/backing gas; keep surfaces clean and interstitials low, weld strength approaches base metal in the annealed condition.
Can Grade 9 be formed, bent or molded?
Best cold formability of the aerospace Ti alloys — tube can be bent and end-formed; use generous bend radii, expect strong springback, and warm form (200–500 °C) or stress-relieve at 480–595 °C for tight geometries.
What surface finishes work on Grade 9?
Pickle in HNO₃/HF to remove alpha case after hot work; accepts colour/anodic oxide films, shot peening for fatigue, and polishes well — avoid chloride-bearing residues and hydrogen-charging processes.
Grade 9 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Al | 2.5 – 3.5 | 3 |
| V | 2 – 3 | 2.5 |
| Fe | ≤ 0.25 | — |
| O | ≤ 0.15 | — |
| C | ≤ 0.08 | — |
| N | ≤ 0.03 | — |
| Hmax (0.0125 for tube per some specs) | ≤ 0.02 | — |
| Other, eachresidual | ≤ 0.1 | — |
| Other, totalresidual | ≤ 0.4 | — |
| Ti | balance | — |
Grade 9 CWSR — frequently asked
What is Grade 9 CWSR used for?
Grade 9 CWSR is typically used for aircraft hydraulic tubing, bicycle frame tubes, thin-wall tube assemblies and end-formed fittings, golf club shafts and sporting goods tubing, honeycomb and ducting sheet components and marine and instrumentation tubing. In short: cold-formable aerospace titanium.
What is the yield strength of Grade 9 CWSR?
Grade 9 CWSR has a typical yield strength of 790 MPa (115 ksi) and a tensile strength of 900 MPa (131 ksi) — stronger than 55% of titanium grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 3 listed tempers.
Is Grade 9 CWSR easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated poor (24/100, worse than 51% of titanium grades). Machine slow-surface-speed / high-feed with rigid setups, sharp uncoated-carbide or coated inserts and flood coolant; avoid dwelling and light rubbing cuts because of low thermal conductivity and galling.
Can Grade 9 CWSR be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated very good (70/100). Very good GTAW/plasma/EB weldability with argon shielding plus trailing/backing gas; keep surfaces clean and interstitials low, weld strength approaches base metal in the annealed condition.
What surface finishes work on Grade 9 CWSR?
Pickle in HNO₃/HF to remove alpha case after hot work; accepts colour/anodic oxide films, shot peening for fatigue, and polishes well — avoid chloride-bearing residues and hydrogen-charging processes.
Can Grade 9 CWSR be formed, bent or molded?
Best cold formability of the aerospace Ti alloys — tube can be bent and end-formed; use generous bend radii, expect strong springback, and warm form (200–500 °C) or stress-relieve at 480–595 °C for tight geometries.
What is the maximum service temperature of Grade 9 CWSR?
Grade 9 CWSR is rated for continuous use to about 300°C (572 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between Grade 9-O and Grade 9-CW?
O is the default condition — pick for maximum ductility and cold forming/bending of tube, sheet and bar; the default stocked condition. CW: pick for hard-drawn wire/small tube where maximum as-drawn strength is wanted and residual stress is acceptable. Yield strength is 570 MPa in O versus 850 MPa in CW.
Can FabDigit make parts in Grade 9 CWSR?
Yes — Grade 9 CWSR is available for CNC machining and sheet metal with instant online pricing. Upload a STEP file to get a price and a DFM check.
Sources
- ASTM B338 — Seamless and Welded Titanium and Titanium Alloy Tubes for Condensers and Heat Exchangers — ASTM International (2017)
- ASTM B265 / B348 — Titanium and Titanium Alloy Strip, Sheet, Plate and Bar — ASTM International (2020)
- AMS 4943 / AMS 4944 / AMS 4945 — Ti-3Al-2.5V Tubing — SAE International (2018)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 2 — Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- Materials Properties Handbook: Titanium Alloys — ASM International (1994)
- MMPDS typical property tables for Ti-3Al-2.5V — Battelle / FAA (2021)
- GB/T 3624 / GB/T 3625 (TA18) (2019)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.