Steel 40CrNi-Q (As-quenched)
Heat-treated state
GB 40CrNi
Intermediate state only — must be tempered immediately; quoted for hardenability/hardness checks.
Values for the Q condition
Other 40CrNi tempers and conditions
40CrNi is listed in 11 conditions; see the grade overview at 40CrNi.
Compare all 11 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Solution annealed | Softest condition for deep machining, cold forming or before final quench and temper. | 420 | 690 | 21 | 200 HB | — |
Hot rolled | Mill as-rolled bar bought for subsequent forging or full heat treatment by the user. | 480 | 780 | 16 | 230 HB | — |
Normalized | Grain refinement and uniform structure after forging; used when full Q&T strength is not required. | 540 | 850 | 18 | 23 HRC | 7.8 % IACS |
Cold drawn | Bright, close-tolerance bar for parts machined without further heat treatment. | 680 | 830 | 11 | 245 HB | — |
Q&T 25–30 HRC (high-temperature temper ~600 °C) | Toughest Q&T level; pick for large sections, welded-then-tempered parts or heavy shock loading. | 780 | 930 | 16 | 28 HRC | — |
QTDefault Quenched and tempered | Standard delivery condition — oil quenched from 820 °C and tempered at 500 °C to GB/T 3077 — giving 840 MPa yield, ~1020 MPa tensile and ≥55 J impact for shafts, gears and rods. | 840 | 1,020 | 12 | 31 HRC | — |
Q&T core with induction-hardened surface (52–58 HRC case) | Choose for journals, spline and gear tooth flanks needing wear resistance and compressive residual stress on a tough core. | 840 | 1,020 | 11 | 55 HRC | 7.3 % IACS |
Q&T 30–34 HRC (temper ~540 °C) | Balanced strength/toughness hardness band commonly specified for gear blanks and drive shafts. | 880 | 1,050 | 14 | 32 HRC | — |
Q&T 34–38 HRC (temper ~480 °C) | Higher-strength band for high-load bolts, rods and small-section shafts where toughness margin is lower. | 1,030 | 1,180 | 12 | 36 HRC | — |
Q&T 38–42 HRC (temper ~400 °C) | Maximum practical Q&T hardness for this grade — high wear resistance, reduced impact energy and machinability. | 1,180 | 1,330 | 10 | 40 HRC | — |
QThis page As-quenched | Intermediate state only — must be tempered immediately; quoted for hardenability/hardness checks. | 1,550 | 2,000 | 2 | 55 HRC | 6.5 % IACS |
What is 40CrNi-Q?
40CrNi-Q is 40CrNi heat treated to Q — intermediate state only — must be tempered immediately; quoted for hardenability/hardness checks. 40CrNi-Q has a yield strength of 1,550 MPa (225 ksi) and a tensile strength of 2,000 MPa (290 ksi) — stronger than 97% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 2% and the elastic modulus is 208 GPa (30.2 Msi). 40CrNi-Q has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,420°C (2,588 °F). QT is the default condition FabDigit quotes; Q is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- High strength — 1,550 MPa (225 ksi), better than 97% of steel grades
- Polishes to a fine finish — 65/100, better than 78% of steel grades
Limitations
- Difficult to weld — 5/100, worse than 100% of steel grades
- Limited formability — 2/100, worse than 100% of steel grades
- Limited ductility — 2%, worse than 99% of steel grades
- Low fracture toughness — 20 MPa·√m (18.2 ksi·√in), worse than 99% of steel grades
- Limited service temperature — 150°C (302 °F), worse than 99% of steel grades
40CrNi-Q properties
Typical room-temperature values for 40CrNi-Q; 22 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are 40CrNi reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
40CrNi-Q has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,420°C (2,588 °F).
Mechanical16
40CrNi-Q has a yield strength of 1,550 MPa (225 ksi) and a tensile strength of 2,000 MPa (290 ksi) — stronger than 97% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 2% and the elastic modulus is 208 GPa (30.2 Msi).
Thermal6
40CrNi-Q is rated for continuous service to 150°C (302 °F). It conducts heat at 36 W/m·K (20.8 BTU/hr·ft·°F), worse than 73% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 12.3 µm/m·K (6.83 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
40CrNi-Q conducts electricity at 6.5 % IACS, worse than 77% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is not recommended (10/100), worse than 86% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 40CrNi-Q takes about 26 MJ of energy and emits 2 kg of CO₂ — less than 64% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 30%.
Manufacturability7
40CrNi-Q's machinability is not recommended (10/100, worse than 99% of steel grades); weldability not recommended (5/100); formability not recommended (2/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with 40CrNi-Q
Is 40CrNi easy to machine?
Best machined annealed (≤250 HB) or after tempering to 28–32 HRC; use rigid setups, coated carbide, 80–140 m/min, and expect ~50 % of 1212 free-cutting rate.
Can 40CrNi be welded?
Poor weldability (CE ≈ 0.85): preheat 250–350 °C, low-hydrogen electrodes, and temper immediately after welding; avoid welding on fully hardened parts.
Can 40CrNi be formed, bent or molded?
Hot forge 1150–850 °C then slow cool/anneal; cold bending or upsetting only in the annealed state with generous radii.
What surface finishes work on 40CrNi?
Not corrosion resistant — protect with black oxide, phosphate + oil, zinc or hard chrome plating (bake at 190 °C for hydrogen relief); nitriding or induction hardening adds wear resistance.
40CrNi chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| CGB/T 3077-2015 | 0.37 – 0.44 | 0.4 |
| Si | 0.17 – 0.37 | 0.27 |
| Mn | 0.5 – 0.8 | 0.65 |
| Cr | 0.45 – 0.75 | 0.6 |
| Ni | 1 – 1.4 | 1.2 |
| P | ≤ 0.04 | 0.02 |
| S | ≤ 0.04 | 0.02 |
| Curesidual, max | ≤ 0.3 | 0.15 |
| Fe | balance | — |
40CrNi-Q — frequently asked
What is 40CrNi-Q used for?
40CrNi-Q is typically used for shafts, gears, connecting rods and bolts. In short: tougher than 40Cr; deep-hardening Ni-Cr grade; limited stock availability.
What is the yield strength of 40CrNi-Q?
40CrNi-Q has a typical yield strength of 1,550 MPa (225 ksi) and a tensile strength of 2,000 MPa (290 ksi) — stronger than 97% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 11 listed tempers.
Is 40CrNi-Q easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated not recommended (10/100, worse than 99% of steel grades). Best machined annealed (≤250 HB) or after tempering to 28–32 HRC; use rigid setups, coated carbide, 80–140 m/min, and expect ~50 % of 1212 free-cutting rate.
Can 40CrNi-Q be welded?
Not readily — weldability is rated not recommended (5/100). Poor weldability (CE ≈ 0.85): preheat 250–350 °C, low-hydrogen electrodes, and temper immediately after welding; avoid welding on fully hardened parts.
What surface finishes work on 40CrNi-Q?
Not corrosion resistant — protect with black oxide, phosphate + oil, zinc or hard chrome plating (bake at 190 °C for hydrogen relief); nitriding or induction hardening adds wear resistance.
Can 40CrNi-Q be formed, bent or molded?
Hot forge 1150–850 °C then slow cool/anneal; cold bending or upsetting only in the annealed state with generous radii.
What is the maximum service temperature of 40CrNi-Q?
40CrNi-Q is rated for continuous use to about 150°C (302 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 40CrNi-QT and 40CrNi-Q?
QT is the default condition — standard delivery condition — oil quenched from 820 °C and tempered at 500 °C to GB/T 3077 — giving 840 MPa yield, ~1020 MPa tensile and ≥55 J impact for shafts, gears and rods. Q: intermediate state only — must be tempered immediately; quoted for hardenability/hardness checks. Yield strength is 840 MPa in QT versus 1,550 MPa in Q.
Sources
- GB/T 3077 Alloy structural steels — SAC (China) (2015)
- SAE J404 / AISI 3140 chemical composition — SAE International (2009)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol.19 — Fatigue and Fracture — ASM International (1996)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.