Steel 1.0031-A (Solution annealed)
Temper
EN 1.0031
Softest condition — choose for maximum cold formability (deep drawing, heavy bending) or stress relief before machining.
Values for the A condition
Other 1.0031 tempers and conditions
1.0031 is listed in 5 conditions; see the grade overview at 1.0031.
Compare all 5 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AThis page Solution annealed | Softest condition — choose for maximum cold formability (deep drawing, heavy bending) or stress relief before machining. | 165 | 280 | 40 | 80 HB | 11.7 % IACS |
HRDefault Hot rolled | Default stock condition for structural and general fabrication work where surface finish and tight tolerance are not needed. | 190 | 300 | 33 | 90 HB | — |
Normalized | Pick when a uniform fine-grained structure and more consistent ductility/toughness are wanted after hot working or welding. | 195 | 310 | 36 | 92 HB | 11.5 % IACS |
Cold rolled | Thin flat product with smooth surface for pressings, enclosures and painted/galvanized parts. | 230 | 330 | 28 | 105 HB | 11.3 % IACS |
Cold drawn | Use for bright, close-tolerance bar with higher strength and cleaner chip breaking on automatic lathes. | 330 | 400 | 12 | 120 HB | — |
What is 1.0031-A?
1.0031-A is 1.0031 in the A temper — softest condition — choose for maximum cold formability (deep drawing, heavy bending) or stress relief before machining. 1.0031-A has a yield strength of 165 MPa (23.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 280 MPa (40.6 ksi) — weaker than 99% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 40% and the elastic modulus is 210 GPa (30.5 Msi). 1.0031-A has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,465°C (2,669 °F). HR is the default condition FabDigit quotes; A is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- Ductile — tolerates forming and impact — 40%, better than 99% of steel grades
- High electrical conductivity — 11.7 % IACS, better than 99% of steel grades
- Forms and bends easily — 92/100, better than 99% of steel grades
- Conducts heat well — 52 W/m·K (30 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 98% of steel grades
- Readily welded — 95/100, better than 97% of steel grades
Limitations
- Low strength — 165 MPa (23.9 ksi), worse than 99% of steel grades
- Hard to polish — 45/100, worse than 84% of steel grades
1.0031-A properties
Typical room-temperature values for 1.0031-A; 22 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are 1.0031 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
1.0031-A has a density of 7.85 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 56% of steel grades. It melts at 1,465°C (2,669 °F).
Mechanical16
1.0031-A has a yield strength of 165 MPa (23.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 280 MPa (40.6 ksi) — weaker than 99% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 40% and the elastic modulus is 210 GPa (30.5 Msi).
Thermal6
1.0031-A is rated for continuous service to 350°C (662 °F). It conducts heat at 52 W/m·K (30 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 98% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 12 µm/m·K (6.67 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
1.0031-A conducts electricity at 11.7 % IACS, better than 99% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is not recommended (10/100), worse than 86% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 1.0031-A takes about 25 MJ of energy and emits 2 kg of CO₂ — less than 82% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 30%.
Manufacturability6
1.0031-A's machinability is fair (52/100, better than 52% of steel grades); weldability excellent (95/100); formability excellent (92/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with 1.0031-A
Is 1.0031 easy to machine?
Soft and gummy in the annealed/hot-rolled state — use sharp positive-rake tools, high speed and plenty of coolant to avoid built-up edge; cold-drawn bar machines noticeably better.
Can 1.0031 be welded?
Excellent weldability by all arc, resistance and gas processes with no preheat or PWHT in normal thicknesses; use E7018/ER70S-6 class consumables.
Can 1.0031 be formed, bent or molded?
Very good cold formability — tight bend radii (≈0.5–1×t), deep drawing and roll forming all practical; hot form at 900–1150 °C.
What surface finishes work on 1.0031?
No inherent corrosion resistance: paint, hot-dip galvanize, zinc-plate, phosphate or oil; can be case-hardened by carburizing or nitrocarburizing for wear surfaces.
1.0031 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Cnot normally specified for this grade; typical mild-steel level | ≤ 0.15 | 0.08 |
| Mntypical, not a spec limit | ≤ 0.6 | 0.4 |
| Sitypical | ≤ 0.3 | 0.1 |
| Pspec ceiling for unalloyed base steel | ≤ 0.05 | 0.03 |
| Sspec ceiling for unalloyed base steel | ≤ 0.05 | 0.03 |
| Ntypical ceiling for unalloyed steel | ≤ 0.01 | 0.01 |
| Fe | balance | — |
1.0031-A — frequently asked
What is 1.0031-A used for?
1.0031-A is typically used for machine parts, general fabrication, low-stress structural components and cold-formed parts. In short: cheapest weldable carbon steel; very high cold formability; low strength, needs coating.
What is the yield strength of 1.0031-A?
1.0031-A has a typical yield strength of 165 MPa (23.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 280 MPa (40.6 ksi) — weaker than 99% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 5 listed tempers.
Is 1.0031-A easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated fair (52/100, better than 52% of steel grades). Soft and gummy in the annealed/hot-rolled state — use sharp positive-rake tools, high speed and plenty of coolant to avoid built-up edge; cold-drawn bar machines noticeably better.
Can 1.0031-A be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated excellent (95/100). Excellent weldability by all arc, resistance and gas processes with no preheat or PWHT in normal thicknesses; use E7018/ER70S-6 class consumables.
What surface finishes work on 1.0031-A?
No inherent corrosion resistance: paint, hot-dip galvanize, zinc-plate, phosphate or oil; can be case-hardened by carburizing or nitrocarburizing for wear surfaces.
Can 1.0031-A be formed, bent or molded?
Very good cold formability — tight bend radii (≈0.5–1×t), deep drawing and roll forming all practical; hot form at 900–1150 °C.
What is the maximum service temperature of 1.0031-A?
1.0031-A is rated for continuous use to about 350°C (662 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 1.0031-HR and 1.0031-CD?
HR is the default condition — default stock condition for structural and general fabrication work where surface finish and tight tolerance are not needed. CD: use for bright, close-tolerance bar with higher strength and cleaner chip breaking on automatic lathes. Yield strength is 190 MPa in HR versus 330 MPa in CD.
Sources
- EN 10027-2 — Designation systems for steels: steel numbers — CEN (2015)
- EN 10025-2 — Hot rolled products of structural steels: non-alloy structural steels — CEN (2019)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- Machinery's Handbook, 31st ed. (machinability ratings) — Industrial Press (2020)
- Stahlschlüssel / Key to Steel — Werkstoff-Nr. 1.0031 — Verlag Stahlschlüssel Wegst (2019)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.