Copper Alloy QBe1.9-TM02
Precip hard
GB QBe1.9
TM02 = mill hardened, half hard
Mill-hardened strip supplied ready to stamp — no customer aging, dimensionally stable, moderate strength with good formability.
Values for the TM02 condition
Other QBe1.9 tempers and conditions
QBe1.9 is listed in 12 conditions; see the grade overview at QBe1.9.
Compare all 12 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Solution heat treated | Softest condition — pick for deep drawing, stamping and complex forming before customer-side age hardening. | 240 | 480 | 45 | 105 HB | 17 % IACS |
Solution heat treated and cold worked, quarter hard | Light cold work for moderate forming plus a small pre-age strength boost. | 450 | 560 | 28 | 150 HB | 17 % IACS |
Solution heat treated and cold worked, half hard | Balanced strength/formability strip and rod for parts formed with modest bend radii before aging. | 585 | 640 | 15 | 190 HB | 17 % IACS |
three-quarter hard, cold worked | Intermediate step between half and full hard for flat springs needing limited forming. | 640 | 700 | 9 | 15 HRC | 17 % IACS |
TM02This page Mill hardened, half hard | Mill-hardened strip supplied ready to stamp — no customer aging, dimensionally stable, moderate strength with good formability. | 690 | 830 | 12 | 27 HRC | 20 % IACS |
Solution heat treated and cold worked, full hard | Maximum pre-age cold work — highest strength before aging, used for flat springs and blanked contacts. | 720 | 780 | 5 | 21 HRC | 17 % IACS |
Mill hardened, extra hard | High-strength mill-hardened strip for high-force connector springs where post-form aging is not practical. | 965 | 1,070 | 6 | 34 HRC | 21 % IACS |
TF00Default Solution heat treated and precipitation hardened | Standard peak-aged condition for machined parts, moulds, bushings and non-sparking tools — best strength/ductility balance. | 1,070 | 1,240 | 5 | 39 HRC | 23 % IACS |
TD01 and precipitation hardened | Cold worked 1/4 hard then aged — slightly stronger than AT while retaining useful ductility. | 1,120 | 1,275 | 4 | 40 HRC | 23 % IACS |
TD02 and precipitation hardened | Standard high-strength spring strip condition for connectors and contact fingers. | 1,190 | 1,330 | 4 | 42 HRC | 23 % IACS |
three-quarter hard then aged | Intermediate aged spring temper where TH04 would be too brittle for the bend radius. | 1,240 | 1,380 | 3 | 43 HRC | 24 % IACS |
TD04 and precipitation hardened | Maximum strength and hardness of the alloy — flat springs, diaphragms and Bourdon tubes with minimal forming after aging. | 1,240 | 1,380 | 2 | 43 HRC | 23 % IACS |
What is QBe1.9-TM02?
QBe1.9-TM02 is QBe1.9 in the TM02 condition — mill-hardened strip supplied ready to stamp — no customer aging, dimensionally stable, moderate strength with good formability. QBe1.9-TM02 has a yield strength of 690 MPa (100 ksi) and a tensile strength of 830 MPa (120 ksi) — stronger than 96% of copper alloy grades. Elongation at break is 12% and the elastic modulus is 128 GPa (18.6 Msi). QBe1.9-TM02 has a density of 8.26 g/cm³ (0.298 lb/in³), lighter than 83% of copper alloy grades. It melts at 865°C (1,589 °F). TF00 is the default condition FabDigit quotes; TM02 is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- High strength — 690 MPa (100 ksi), better than 96% of copper alloy grades
- Polishes to a fine finish — 85/100, better than 92% of copper alloy grades
- Tough — resists crack growth — 55 MPa·√m (50.1 ksi·√in), better than 85% of copper alloy grades
Limitations
- High embodied carbon — 7.5 kg CO₂/kg, worse than 97% of copper alloy grades
QBe1.9-TM02 properties
Typical room-temperature values for QBe1.9-TM02; 23 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are QBe1.9 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among copper alloy grades.
Physical3
QBe1.9-TM02 has a density of 8.26 g/cm³ (0.298 lb/in³), lighter than 83% of copper alloy grades. It melts at 865°C (1,589 °F).
Mechanical16
QBe1.9-TM02 has a yield strength of 690 MPa (100 ksi) and a tensile strength of 830 MPa (120 ksi) — stronger than 96% of copper alloy grades. Elongation at break is 12% and the elastic modulus is 128 GPa (18.6 Msi).
Thermal6
QBe1.9-TM02 is rated for continuous service to 200°C (392 °F). It conducts heat at 100 W/m·K (57.8 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 54% of copper alloy grades. Thermal expansion is 17 µm/m·K (9.44 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
QBe1.9-TM02 conducts electricity at 20 % IACS, better than 52% of copper alloy grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is good (62/100), worse than 57% of copper alloy grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of QBe1.9-TM02 takes about 105 MJ of energy and emits 7.5 kg of CO₂ — more than 97% of copper alloy grades. Typical recycled content is 25%.
Manufacturability8
QBe1.9-TM02's machinability is fair (39/100, better than 55% of copper alloy grades); weldability fair (45/100); formability fair (45/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with QBe1.9-TM02
Is QBe1.9 easy to machine?
Machine in TB00/TD tempers where possible; aged material cuts like 40 HRC steel — use carbide, rigid setups, flood coolant and full dust/fume capture for beryllium.
Can QBe1.9 be welded?
Resistance and electron-beam welding are routine; TIG is possible with matched filler and inert shielding, but the weld zone must be re-solution treated and re-aged, and fume extraction is mandatory.
Can QBe1.9 be formed, bent or molded?
Do all deep drawing, bending and coiling in the solution-annealed or cold-worked temper, then age at 315–330 °C for 2–3 h (allow ~0.2 % dimensional contraction); aged stock has very limited formability.
What surface finishes work on QBe1.9?
Not anodizable; degrease and pickle to remove the aging oxide, then nickel, tin or gold plate for contacts, or polish to mirror finish for mould inserts.
QBe1.9 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Beprincipal hardening element | 1.85 – 2.1 | 1.95 |
| Nigrain refiner / aging control | 0.2 – 0.4 | 0.3 |
| Ti | 0.1 – 0.25 | 0.18 |
| Alimpurity limit | ≤ 0.15 | — |
| Feimpurity limit | ≤ 0.15 | — |
| Siimpurity limit | ≤ 0.15 | — |
| Pbimpurity limit | ≤ 0.01 | — |
| Curemainder, total impurities ≤ 0.5 % | balance | — |
QBe1.9-TM02 — frequently asked
What is QBe1.9-TM02 used for?
QBe1.9-TM02 is typically used for precision springs, electrical contacts, molds and non-sparking tools. In short: highest-strength copper alloy; spring and mould-insert grade; requires beryllium dust control.
What is the yield strength of QBe1.9-TM02?
QBe1.9-TM02 has a typical yield strength of 690 MPa (100 ksi) and a tensile strength of 830 MPa (120 ksi) — stronger than 96% of copper alloy grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 12 listed tempers.
Is QBe1.9-TM02 easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated fair (39/100, better than 55% of copper alloy grades). Machine in TB00/TD tempers where possible; aged material cuts like 40 HRC steel — use carbide, rigid setups, flood coolant and full dust/fume capture for beryllium.
Can QBe1.9-TM02 be welded?
With care — weldability is rated fair (45/100). Resistance and electron-beam welding are routine; TIG is possible with matched filler and inert shielding, but the weld zone must be re-solution treated and re-aged, and fume extraction is mandatory.
What surface finishes work on QBe1.9-TM02?
Not anodizable; degrease and pickle to remove the aging oxide, then nickel, tin or gold plate for contacts, or polish to mirror finish for mould inserts.
Can QBe1.9-TM02 be formed, bent or molded?
Do all deep drawing, bending and coiling in the solution-annealed or cold-worked temper, then age at 315–330 °C for 2–3 h (allow ~0.2 % dimensional contraction); aged stock has very limited formability.
What is the maximum service temperature of QBe1.9-TM02?
QBe1.9-TM02 is rated for continuous use to about 200°C (392 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between QBe1.9-TF00 and QBe1.9-TB00?
TF00 is the default condition — standard peak-aged condition for machined parts, moulds, bushings and non-sparking tools — best strength/ductility balance. TB00: softest condition — pick for deep drawing, stamping and complex forming before customer-side age hardening. Yield strength is 1,070 MPa in TF00 versus 240 MPa in TB00.
Sources
- C17200 Alloy Datasheet — Copper Development Association (copper.org) (2023)
- Alloy 25 (C17200) Strip and Rod Technical Data — Materion Brush Performance Alloys (2021)
- ASM Handbook Vol.2 — Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys — ASM International (1990)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.