Copper Alloy M1-H06
Supply condition
H06 = extra hard
Heavier reduction than H04 for flat springs, contacts and stampings where flatness under load matters.
Values for the H06 condition
Other M1 tempers and conditions
M1 is listed in 10 conditions; see the grade overview at M1.
Compare all 10 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
O60Default Soft annealed | Default stock condition for sheet, strip, tube and magnet wire when maximum ductility, conductivity and formability are needed. | 75 | 235 | 45 | 45 HB | 101 % IACS |
As hot rolled | Hot-rolled plate and hot-extruded busbar sections supplied without further processing; nearly annealed properties with mill scale. | 80 | 235 | 40 | 48 HB | 100 % IACS |
Eighth hard | Lightly rolled strip when slightly higher stiffness/strength than annealed is wanted but deep forming is still required. | 175 | 250 | 30 | 60 HB | 100 % IACS |
Quarter hard | Quarter-hard strip/sheet for parts that need moderate springback control with good bendability. | 205 | 262 | 25 | 70 HB | 99 % IACS |
Half hard | Most common intermediate temper for busbar, gaskets, formed brackets and tube needing strength plus some bendability. | 250 | 290 | 14 | 85 HB | 98 % IACS |
Full hard | Fully cold-worked sheet, rod and busbar for load-carrying conductors, commutator segments and machined parts. | 310 | 345 | 6 | 100 HB | 97 % IACS |
Hard drawn | Standard hard-drawn condition for overhead line wire, trolley wire and drawn tube where tensile strength and sag resistance are required. | 340 | 400 | 3 | 105 HB | 97 % IACS |
H06This page Extra hard | Heavier reduction than H04 for flat springs, contacts and stampings where flatness under load matters. | 345 | 365 | 4 | 105 HB | 97 % IACS |
Spring hard | Spring-temper strip for conductive springs, gaskets and EMI contacts where stiffness beats formability. | 350 | 380 | 4 | 115 HB | 97 % IACS |
Extra spring hard | Maximum cold-worked strip temper; highest strength available in unalloyed copper, essentially non-formable. | 365 | 390 | 4 | 118 HB | 97 % IACS |
What is M1-H06?
M1-H06 is M1 supplied in the H06 condition — heavier reduction than H04 for flat springs, contacts and stampings where flatness under load matters. M1-H06 has a yield strength of 345 MPa (50 ksi) and a tensile strength of 365 MPa (52.9 ksi) — stronger than 73% of copper alloy grades. Elongation at break is 4% and the elastic modulus is 117 GPa (17 Msi). M1-H06 has a density of 8.94 g/cm³ (0.323 lb/in³), heavier than 90% of copper alloy grades. It melts at 1,065°C (1,949 °F). O60 is the default condition FabDigit quotes; H06 is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- Conducts heat well — 388 W/m·K (224.2 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 95% of copper alloy grades
- High electrical conductivity — 97 % IACS, better than 92% of copper alloy grades
Limitations
- Limited service temperature — 120°C (248 °F), worse than 100% of copper alloy grades
- Limited ductility — 4%, worse than 96% of copper alloy grades
M1-H06 properties
Typical room-temperature values for M1-H06; 19 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are M1 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among copper alloy grades.
Physical3
M1-H06 has a density of 8.94 g/cm³ (0.323 lb/in³), heavier than 90% of copper alloy grades. It melts at 1,065°C (1,949 °F).
Mechanical12
M1-H06 has a yield strength of 345 MPa (50 ksi) and a tensile strength of 365 MPa (52.9 ksi) — stronger than 73% of copper alloy grades. Elongation at break is 4% and the elastic modulus is 117 GPa (17 Msi).
Thermal6
M1-H06 is rated for continuous service to 120°C (248 °F). It conducts heat at 388 W/m·K (224.2 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 95% of copper alloy grades. Thermal expansion is 17 µm/m·K (9.44 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
M1-H06 conducts electricity at 97 % IACS, better than 92% of copper alloy grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is good (65/100), better than 58% of copper alloy grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of M1-H06 takes about 55 MJ of energy and emits 3.6 kg of CO₂ — less than 72% of copper alloy grades. Typical recycled content is 35%.
Manufacturability8
M1-H06's machinability is fair (35/100, better than 51% of copper alloy grades); weldability fair (35/100); formability poor (25/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with M1-H06
Is M1 easy to machine?
Gummy and stringy — use sharp positive-rake HSS or polished-flute carbide, high speed, low feed pressure and generous coolant; harder tempers (H04+) cut noticeably cleaner than annealed.
Can M1 be welded?
GTAW/GMAW possible with high preheat (200–500 °C) and helium-rich shielding, but the ~0.03 % oxygen makes ETP copper prone to porosity and hydrogen embrittlement — use phosphorus-deoxidised filler or choose brazing/soldering instead.
Can M1 be formed, bent or molded?
Outstanding cold formability in O60: deep drawing, spinning, roll forming and tight bends (≈0–0.5 t); interanneal at 400–600 °C when total reduction exceeds ~60 %, and expect strong springback in H04 and above.
What surface finishes work on M1?
Not anodisable; typical finishes are bright polish plus clear lacquer, chemical patina/blackening, or electroplated tin, nickel and silver for contacts and busbar joints.
M1 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Otough-pitch oxygen content; M1r/M1f variants are deoxidised | ≤ 0.05 | 0.03 |
| Bi | ≤ 0 | — |
| Sb | ≤ 0 | — |
| As | ≤ 0 | — |
| Fe | ≤ 0.01 | — |
| Ni | ≤ 0 | — |
| Pb | ≤ 0.01 | — |
| Sn | ≤ 0 | — |
| S | ≤ 0 | — |
| Zn | ≤ 0 | — |
| P | ≤ 0 | — |
| Agcounted within Cu content | ≤ 0 | — |
| CuCu + Ag, per GOST 859-2001 grade M1 | ≥ 99.9 (balance) | — |
M1-H06 — frequently asked
What is M1-H06 used for?
M1-H06 is typically used for electrical wire, busbars, heat exchangers and general copper hardware. In short: CIS-standard electrolytic copper; 101 % IACS conductivity; poor machinability rating.
What is the yield strength of M1-H06?
M1-H06 has a typical yield strength of 345 MPa (50 ksi) and a tensile strength of 365 MPa (52.9 ksi) — stronger than 73% of copper alloy grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 10 listed tempers.
Is M1-H06 easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated fair (35/100, better than 51% of copper alloy grades). Gummy and stringy — use sharp positive-rake HSS or polished-flute carbide, high speed, low feed pressure and generous coolant; harder tempers (H04+) cut noticeably cleaner than annealed.
Can M1-H06 be welded?
With care — weldability is rated fair (35/100). GTAW/GMAW possible with high preheat (200–500 °C) and helium-rich shielding, but the ~0.03 % oxygen makes ETP copper prone to porosity and hydrogen embrittlement — use phosphorus-deoxidised filler or choose brazing/soldering instead.
What surface finishes work on M1-H06?
Not anodisable; typical finishes are bright polish plus clear lacquer, chemical patina/blackening, or electroplated tin, nickel and silver for contacts and busbar joints.
Can M1-H06 be formed, bent or molded?
Outstanding cold formability in O60: deep drawing, spinning, roll forming and tight bends (≈0–0.5 t); interanneal at 400–600 °C when total reduction exceeds ~60 %, and expect strong springback in H04 and above.
What is the maximum service temperature of M1-H06?
M1-H06 is rated for continuous use to about 120°C (248 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between M1-O60 and M1-H10?
O60 is the default condition — default stock condition for sheet, strip, tube and magnet wire when maximum ductility, conductivity and formability are needed. H10: maximum cold-worked strip temper; highest strength available in unalloyed copper, essentially non-formable. Yield strength is 75 MPa in O60 versus 365 MPa in H10.
Sources
- GOST 859-2001 Copper — Grades (M00, M0, M1, M2, M3) — Interstate Standard / Gosstandart (2001)
- ASTM B152/B152M Standard Specification for Copper Sheet, Strip, Plate and Rolled Bar — ASTM International (2019)
- EN 13601 Copper and copper alloys — Rod, bar and wire for general electrical purposes — CEN (2021)
- C11000 Electrolytic Tough Pitch Copper alloy datasheet — Copper Development Association (copper.org) (2023)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 2 — Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 13B — Corrosion: Materials (copper and copper alloys) — ASM International (2005)
- GB/T 5231 (T2 comparison) — SAC (2022)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.