Steel 1025 · supply condition · default condition
Steel 1025-HR
Properties of the HR condition, compared with the other 1025 tempers.
Cheapest general-purpose stock for weldments, brackets and machined parts where tolerance and surface are not critical.
What is 1025-HR?
1025-HR is 1025 supplied in the HR condition — cheapest general-purpose stock for weldments, brackets and machined parts where tolerance and surface are not critical. 1025-HR has a yield strength of 220 MPa (31.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 400 MPa (58 ksi) — weaker than 98% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 25% and the elastic modulus is 205 GPa (29.7 Msi). 1025-HR has a density of 7.87 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 91% of steel grades. It melts at 1,425°C (2,597 °F).
Advantages
- Conducts heat well — 51.9 W/m·K (30 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 96% of steel grades
- Readily welded — 90/100, better than 90% of steel grades
- High electrical conductivity — 10.5 % IACS, better than 89% of steel grades
- Forms and bends easily — 70/100, better than 85% of steel grades
- Ductile — tolerates forming and impact — 25%, better than 76% of steel grades
Limitations
- Low strength — 220 MPa (31.9 ksi), worse than 98% of steel grades
1025-HR properties
Typical room-temperature values for 1025-HR — 12 properties are specific to this condition; the rest are grade-level values shared by every 1025 temper. Each bar shows where the value sits among the steel grades in FabDigit's library — further right is higher.
Physical3
1025-HR has a density of 7.87 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 91% of steel grades. It melts at 1,425°C (2,597 °F).
Mechanical16
1025-HR has a yield strength of 220 MPa (31.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 400 MPa (58 ksi) — weaker than 98% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 25% and the elastic modulus is 205 GPa (29.7 Msi).
Thermal6
1025-HR is rated for continuous service to 400°C (752 °F). It conducts heat at 51.9 W/m·K (30 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 96% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 12 µm/m·K (6.67 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
1025-HR conducts electricity at 10.5 % IACS, better than 89% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is not recommended (10/100), worse than 87% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 1025-HR takes about 25 MJ of energy and emits 2 kg of CO₂ — less than 82% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 30%.
Manufacturability7
1025-HR's machinability is good (55/100, better than 62% of steel grades); weldability excellent (90/100); formability very good (70/100).
Common Calculations5
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Other 1025 tempers and conditions
1025 is also supplied in 6 other conditions. The full side-by-side table is on the 1025 overview.
- HRDefaultCheapest general-purpose stock for weldments, brackets and machined parts where tolerance and surface are not critical.220 MPa yield · 116 HB
- CarburizedChoose when a hard wear surface over a tough ductile core is needed — pins, bushings, light gears, cams.420 MPa yield · 60 HRC
- QTOnly for thin parts where a modest strength bump is required; 1025 has low hardenability so response is shallow and section-sensitive.380 MPa yield · 20 HRC
- CDUse when higher yield strength, straightness, close diameter tolerance and better machined finish are wanted on round/hex bar.370 MPa yield · 126 HB
- CRPick for sheet-metal parts needing a smooth surface, tight thickness tolerance and moderate strength increase.310 MPa yield · 120 HB
- NormalizedUniform fine-grained structure with the best toughness/strength balance — used after forging, welding or heavy hot working.275 MPa yield · 126 HB
- AnnealedSoftest, most ductile condition — choose for deep drawing, severe bending or before carburizing.210 MPa yield · 111 HB
Working with 1025-HR
Is 1025 easy to machine?
Machines readily but is gummy in the annealed/hot-rolled state — cold drawn cuts cleanest; use positive rake, sharp tools and good coolant, or switch to 1117/1215 for heavy screw-machine work.
Can 1025 be welded?
Excellent weldability by MIG/TIG/stick/resistance with ER70S-x or E7018; no preheat needed under ~25 mm section, mild preheat (100–150 °C) for thick or restrained joints.
Can 1025 be formed, bent or molded?
Good cold formability in annealed or CR condition (bending, drawing, cold heading); hot works at 1100–1250 °C, and stress relieve or normalize after severe cold work.
What surface finishes work on 1025?
Must be protected — zinc/nickel plating, phosphate-and-oil, black oxide, powder coat or paint; polishes fair but rusts immediately if left bare.
1025 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| CSAE J403 / ASTM A29 | 0.22 – 0.28 | 0.25 |
| Mn | 0.3 – 0.6 | 0.45 |
| P0.040 max for some bar products | ≤ 0.03 | 0.02 |
| S0.050 max for some bar products | ≤ 0.04 | 0.02 |
| SiNot specified by SAE; killed steel / GB/T 699 grade 25: 0.17-0.37 | ≤ 0.35 | 0.2 |
| Fe | balance | — |
1025-HR — frequently asked
What is 1025-HR used for?
1025-HR is typically used for crankshafts, spindles and hydraulic cylinder bodies. In short: low-carbon machining bar.
What is the yield strength of 1025-HR?
1025-HR has a typical yield strength of 220 MPa (31.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 400 MPa (58 ksi) — weaker than 98% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 7 listed tempers.
Is 1025-HR easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated good (55/100, better than 62% of steel grades). Machines readily but is gummy in the annealed/hot-rolled state — cold drawn cuts cleanest; use positive rake, sharp tools and good coolant, or switch to 1117/1215 for heavy screw-machine work.
Can 1025-HR be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated excellent (90/100). Excellent weldability by MIG/TIG/stick/resistance with ER70S-x or E7018; no preheat needed under ~25 mm section, mild preheat (100–150 °C) for thick or restrained joints.
What surface finishes work on 1025-HR?
Must be protected — zinc/nickel plating, phosphate-and-oil, black oxide, powder coat or paint; polishes fair but rusts immediately if left bare.
Can 1025-HR be formed, bent or molded?
Good cold formability in annealed or CR condition (bending, drawing, cold heading); hot works at 1100–1250 °C, and stress relieve or normalize after severe cold work.
What is the maximum service temperature of 1025-HR?
1025-HR is rated for continuous use to about 400°C (752 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 1025-HR and 1025-QT?
HR is the default condition — cheapest general-purpose stock for weldments, brackets and machined parts where tolerance and surface are not critical. QT: only for thin parts where a modest strength bump is required; 1025 has low hardenability so response is shallow and section-sensitive. Yield strength is 220 MPa in HR versus 380 MPa in QT.
Can FabDigit make parts in 1025-HR?
Yes — 1025-HR is available for CNC machining and sheet metal with instant online pricing. Upload a STEP file to get a price and a DFM check.
Sources
- SAE J403 — Chemical Compositions of SAE Carbon Steels — SAE International (2014)
- ASTM A29/A29M — Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought, General Requirements — ASTM (2020)
- ASTM A108 — Steel Bar, Carbon and Alloy, Cold-Finished — ASTM (2018)
- JIS G 4051 (S25C) — JSA (2016)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- Machinery's Handbook, 31st ed. (machinability ratings) — Industrial Press (2020)
- MMPDS-2023 carbon-steel typical property tables — Battelle (2023)
- Mysteel / 1688 carbon bar quotations — Mysteel (2026)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.