Steel 1025 · heat-treated state
Steel 1025 Carburized
Properties of the Carburized condition, compared with the other 1025 tempers.
Choose when a hard wear surface over a tough ductile core is needed — pins, bushings, light gears, cams.
What is 1025 Carburized?
1025 Carburized is 1025 heat treated to Carburized — choose when a hard wear surface over a tough ductile core is needed — pins, bushings, light gears, cams. 1025 Carburized has a yield strength of 420 MPa (60.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 620 MPa (89.9 ksi) — weaker than 53% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 15% and the elastic modulus is 205 GPa (29.7 Msi). 1025 Carburized has a density of 7.87 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 91% of steel grades. It melts at 1,425°C (2,597 °F). HR is the default condition FabDigit quotes; Carburized is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- Conducts heat well — 51.9 W/m·K (30 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 96% of steel grades
- High electrical conductivity — 10.5 % IACS, better than 89% of steel grades
Limitations
- Limited formability — 10/100, worse than 94% of steel grades
1025 Carburized properties
Typical room-temperature values for 1025 Carburized — 9 properties are specific to this condition; the rest are grade-level values shared by every 1025 temper. Each bar shows where the value sits among the steel grades in FabDigit's library — further right is higher.
Physical3
1025 Carburized has a density of 7.87 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 91% of steel grades. It melts at 1,425°C (2,597 °F).
Mechanical16
1025 Carburized has a yield strength of 420 MPa (60.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 620 MPa (89.9 ksi) — weaker than 53% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 15% and the elastic modulus is 205 GPa (29.7 Msi).
Thermal6
1025 Carburized is rated for continuous service to 400°C (752 °F). It conducts heat at 51.9 W/m·K (30 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 96% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 12 µm/m·K (6.67 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
1025 Carburized conducts electricity at 10.5 % IACS, better than 89% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is not recommended (10/100), worse than 87% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 1025 Carburized takes about 25 MJ of energy and emits 2 kg of CO₂ — less than 82% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 30%.
Manufacturability7
1025 Carburized's machinability is good (55/100, better than 62% of steel grades); weldability poor (30/100); formability not recommended (10/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Certified mill or lot data ships with every FabDigit order on request.
Other 1025 tempers and conditions
1025 is also supplied in 6 other conditions. The full side-by-side table is on the 1025 overview.
- HRDefaultCheapest general-purpose stock for weldments, brackets and machined parts where tolerance and surface are not critical.220 MPa yield · 116 HB
- CarburizedChoose when a hard wear surface over a tough ductile core is needed — pins, bushings, light gears, cams.420 MPa yield · 60 HRC
- QTOnly for thin parts where a modest strength bump is required; 1025 has low hardenability so response is shallow and section-sensitive.380 MPa yield · 20 HRC
- CDUse when higher yield strength, straightness, close diameter tolerance and better machined finish are wanted on round/hex bar.370 MPa yield · 126 HB
- CRPick for sheet-metal parts needing a smooth surface, tight thickness tolerance and moderate strength increase.310 MPa yield · 120 HB
- NormalizedUniform fine-grained structure with the best toughness/strength balance — used after forging, welding or heavy hot working.275 MPa yield · 126 HB
- AnnealedSoftest, most ductile condition — choose for deep drawing, severe bending or before carburizing.210 MPa yield · 111 HB
Working with 1025 Carburized
Is 1025 easy to machine?
Machines readily but is gummy in the annealed/hot-rolled state — cold drawn cuts cleanest; use positive rake, sharp tools and good coolant, or switch to 1117/1215 for heavy screw-machine work.
Can 1025 be welded?
Excellent weldability by MIG/TIG/stick/resistance with ER70S-x or E7018; no preheat needed under ~25 mm section, mild preheat (100–150 °C) for thick or restrained joints.
Can 1025 be formed, bent or molded?
Good cold formability in annealed or CR condition (bending, drawing, cold heading); hot works at 1100–1250 °C, and stress relieve or normalize after severe cold work.
What surface finishes work on 1025?
Must be protected — zinc/nickel plating, phosphate-and-oil, black oxide, powder coat or paint; polishes fair but rusts immediately if left bare.
1025 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| CSAE J403 / ASTM A29 | 0.22 – 0.28 | 0.25 |
| Mn | 0.3 – 0.6 | 0.45 |
| P0.040 max for some bar products | ≤ 0.03 | 0.02 |
| S0.050 max for some bar products | ≤ 0.04 | 0.02 |
| SiNot specified by SAE; killed steel / GB/T 699 grade 25: 0.17-0.37 | ≤ 0.35 | 0.2 |
| Fe | balance | — |
1025 Carburized — frequently asked
What is 1025 Carburized used for?
1025 Carburized is typically used for crankshafts, spindles and hydraulic cylinder bodies. In short: low-carbon machining bar.
What is the yield strength of 1025 Carburized?
1025 Carburized has a typical yield strength of 420 MPa (60.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 620 MPa (89.9 ksi) — weaker than 53% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 7 listed tempers.
Is 1025 Carburized easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated good (55/100, better than 62% of steel grades). Machines readily but is gummy in the annealed/hot-rolled state — cold drawn cuts cleanest; use positive rake, sharp tools and good coolant, or switch to 1117/1215 for heavy screw-machine work.
Can 1025 Carburized be welded?
Not readily — weldability is rated poor (30/100). Excellent weldability by MIG/TIG/stick/resistance with ER70S-x or E7018; no preheat needed under ~25 mm section, mild preheat (100–150 °C) for thick or restrained joints.
What surface finishes work on 1025 Carburized?
Must be protected — zinc/nickel plating, phosphate-and-oil, black oxide, powder coat or paint; polishes fair but rusts immediately if left bare.
Can 1025 Carburized be formed, bent or molded?
Good cold formability in annealed or CR condition (bending, drawing, cold heading); hot works at 1100–1250 °C, and stress relieve or normalize after severe cold work.
What is the maximum service temperature of 1025 Carburized?
1025 Carburized is rated for continuous use to about 400°C (752 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 1025-HR and 1025-QT?
HR is the default condition — cheapest general-purpose stock for weldments, brackets and machined parts where tolerance and surface are not critical. QT: only for thin parts where a modest strength bump is required; 1025 has low hardenability so response is shallow and section-sensitive. Yield strength is 220 MPa in HR versus 380 MPa in QT.
Can FabDigit make parts in 1025 Carburized?
Yes — 1025 Carburized is available for CNC machining and sheet metal with instant online pricing. Upload a STEP file to get a price and a DFM check.
Sources
- SAE J403 — Chemical Compositions of SAE Carbon Steels — SAE International (2014)
- ASTM A29/A29M — Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought, General Requirements — ASTM (2020)
- ASTM A108 — Steel Bar, Carbon and Alloy, Cold-Finished — ASTM (2018)
- JIS G 4051 (S25C) — JSA (2016)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- Machinery's Handbook, 31st ed. (machinability ratings) — Industrial Press (2020)
- MMPDS-2023 carbon-steel typical property tables — Battelle (2023)
- Mysteel / 1688 carbon bar quotations — Mysteel (2026)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.