Steel 1023-N (Normalized)
Heat-treated state
AISI/SAE 1023 · UNS G10230
Use to refine grain and homogenize forgings/weldments, giving uniform strength and better toughness than as-rolled.
Values for the N condition
Other 1023 tempers and conditions
1023 is listed in 6 conditions; see the grade overview at 1023.
Compare all 6 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hot rolled | Lowest-cost condition for weldments, brackets and parts that will be machined all over or further heat treated. | 255 | 425 | 25 | 123 HB | — |
Solution annealed | Choose for maximum cold formability (deep drawing, severe bending) or to soften cold-drawn stock before heavy forming. | 285 | 400 | 34 | 116 HB | — |
NThis page Normalized | Use to refine grain and homogenize forgings/weldments, giving uniform strength and better toughness than as-rolled. | 330 | 455 | 33 | 131 HB | — |
Cold Drawn, Stress Relieved | Pick when cold-drawn bar must be machined asymmetrically or heavily without distortion from residual stress. | 370 | 455 | 18 | 131 HB | 10.8 % IACS |
CDDefault Cold drawn | Default stocked bar condition: higher strength, tight tolerance and bright surface for shafts, pins and machined parts. | 395 | 470 | 15 | 137 HB | — |
Carburized & Quenched | Select when a hard wear-resistant case (0.5–1.5 mm) over a tough low-carbon core is needed, e.g. pins, bushings, light gears. | 420 | 620 | 15 | 60 HRC | — |
What is 1023-N?
1023-N is 1023 heat treated to N — use to refine grain and homogenize forgings/weldments, giving uniform strength and better toughness than as-rolled. 1023-N has a yield strength of 330 MPa (47.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 455 MPa (66 ksi) — weaker than 78% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 33% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi). 1023-N has a density of 7.86 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 90% of steel grades. It melts at 1,425°C (2,597 °F). CD is the default condition FabDigit quotes; N is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- Ductile — tolerates forming and impact — 33%, better than 96% of steel grades
- Conducts heat well — 51.9 W/m·K (30 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 96% of steel grades
- Readily welded — 93/100, better than 95% of steel grades
- High electrical conductivity — 10.8 % IACS, better than 94% of steel grades
- Forms and bends easily — 80/100, better than 93% of steel grades
Limitations
- Low strength — 330 MPa (47.9 ksi), worse than 78% of steel grades
1023-N properties
Typical room-temperature values for 1023-N; 12 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are 1023 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among steel grades.
Physical3
1023-N has a density of 7.86 g/cm³ (0.284 lb/in³), heavier than 90% of steel grades. It melts at 1,425°C (2,597 °F).
Mechanical16
1023-N has a yield strength of 330 MPa (47.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 455 MPa (66 ksi) — weaker than 78% of steel grades. Elongation at break is 33% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
Thermal6
1023-N is rated for continuous service to 400°C (752 °F). It conducts heat at 51.9 W/m·K (30 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 96% of steel grades. Thermal expansion is 11.7 µm/m·K (6.5 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
1023-N conducts electricity at 10.8 % IACS, better than 94% of steel grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is not recommended (10/100), worse than 86% of steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 1023-N takes about 25 MJ of energy and emits 1.9 kg of CO₂ — less than 82% of steel grades. Typical recycled content is 30%.
Manufacturability8
1023-N's machinability is fair (52/100, better than 52% of steel grades); weldability excellent (93/100); formability very good (80/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with 1023-N
Is 1023 easy to machine?
Gummy, long stringy chips in the annealed/hot-rolled state — prefer cold drawn, sharp positive-rake tools, high speed and generous coolant; add carburizing or a resulfurized grade (1117/1215) if free machining is critical.
Can 1023 be welded?
Excellent weldability by SMAW/GMAW/GTAW/RSW with E70-class filler; carbon equivalent ≈0.30, so preheat is only needed above ~40 mm or in restrained joints.
Can 1023 be formed, bent or molded?
Very good cold bending, roll forming, upsetting and deep drawing in HR/annealed condition; cold-drawn bar has reduced ductility and should be bent with generous radii.
What surface finishes work on 1023?
No anodizing — protect with zinc/zinc-nickel plating, hot-dip galvanizing, phosphate + oil, black oxide or paint; polishes to a bright finish but will rust unplated.
1023 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| CSAE J403 / ASTM A29 heat analysis | 0.2 – 0.25 | 0.23 |
| Mn | 0.3 – 0.6 | 0.45 |
| P | ≤ 0.03 | 0.02 |
| S | ≤ 0.05 | 0.03 |
| Siwhen killed steel is specified; not required for rimmed grades | ≤ 0.3 | 0.15 |
| Fe | balance | — |
1023-N — frequently asked
What is 1023-N used for?
1023-N is typically used for sheet and strip parts, cold-formed brackets, general fabrication and light-duty shafts. In short: weldable without preheat; slightly stronger than 1020; sheet and strip forming grade.
What is the yield strength of 1023-N?
1023-N has a typical yield strength of 330 MPa (47.9 ksi) and a tensile strength of 455 MPa (66 ksi) — weaker than 78% of steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 6 listed tempers.
Is 1023-N easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated fair (52/100, better than 52% of steel grades). Gummy, long stringy chips in the annealed/hot-rolled state — prefer cold drawn, sharp positive-rake tools, high speed and generous coolant; add carburizing or a resulfurized grade (1117/1215) if free machining is critical.
Can 1023-N be welded?
Yes — weldability is rated excellent (93/100). Excellent weldability by SMAW/GMAW/GTAW/RSW with E70-class filler; carbon equivalent ≈0.30, so preheat is only needed above ~40 mm or in restrained joints.
What surface finishes work on 1023-N?
No anodizing — protect with zinc/zinc-nickel plating, hot-dip galvanizing, phosphate + oil, black oxide or paint; polishes to a bright finish but will rust unplated.
Can 1023-N be formed, bent or molded?
Very good cold bending, roll forming, upsetting and deep drawing in HR/annealed condition; cold-drawn bar has reduced ductility and should be bent with generous radii.
What is the maximum service temperature of 1023-N?
1023-N is rated for continuous use to about 400°C (752 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between 1023-CD and 1023-HR?
CD is the default condition — default stocked bar condition: higher strength, tight tolerance and bright surface for shafts, pins and machined parts. HR: lowest-cost condition for weldments, brackets and parts that will be machined all over or further heat treated. Yield strength is 395 MPa in CD versus 255 MPa in HR.
Sources
- SAE J403 — Chemical Compositions of SAE Carbon Steels — SAE International (2014)
- ASTM A29/A29M — Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought, General Requirements — ASTM (2020)
- ASTM A108 — Steel Bar, Carbon and Alloy, Cold-Finished — ASTM (2018)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- ASM Handbook Vol.16 — Machining — ASM International (1989)
- GB/T 699 — (20 equivalent) — SAC (2015)
- Mysteel / 1688 (2026)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.