Copper Alloy TBe1.9-TH04
Precip hard
TH04 = tD04 and precipitation hardened
Highest strength/hardness condition — choose for springs, dies and wear parts where forming is finished and ductility is not needed.
Values for the TH04 condition
Other TBe1.9 tempers and conditions
TBe1.9 is listed in 10 conditions; see the grade overview at TBe1.9.
Compare all 10 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Solution heat treated | Pick for maximum formability: deep-drawn, bent or coined parts that will be precipitation aged after forming. | 240 | 480 | 40 | 100 HB | 17 % IACS |
As fabricated | As-cast blanks for bushings, mould inserts and non-sparking tools that will be solution treated and aged after rough machining. | 260 | 480 | 15 | 130 HB | 17 % IACS |
Solution heat treated and cold worked, quarter hard | Light cold work for moderate forming with slightly higher as-formed strength before ageing. | 450 | 590 | 20 | 165 HB | 17 % IACS |
Solution heat treated and cold worked, half hard | Half-hard strip/bar for mild bending, later aged to reach high strength with better flatness. | 550 | 660 | 12 | 12 HRC | 17 % IACS |
Solution heat treated and cold worked, full hard | Fully cold-worked, un-aged strip/wire; use where springs are aged after coiling or where dimensional stability matters. | 700 | 760 | 4 | 21 HRC | 17 % IACS |
Solution heat treated and artificially aged | Heat-treated castings for heavy-load bushings, guide blocks and plastic-mould inserts needing ~1000 MPa and 320–360 HB. | 930 | 1,070 | 1.5 | 36 HRC | 21 % IACS |
TF00Default Solution heat treated and precipitation hardened | Standard stock condition for machined bar, plate, bushings and mould inserts needing ~1200 MPa strength with 36–40 HRC. | 1,030 | 1,200 | 4 | 38 HRC | 22 % IACS |
TD01 and precipitation hardened | Aged after light cold work: slightly higher strength than TF00 with usable ductility for formed springs. | 1,070 | 1,200 | 4 | 39 HRC | 22 % IACS |
TD02 and precipitation hardened | Common strip condition for high-load contacts and springs where formability was consumed before ageing. | 1,100 | 1,260 | 3 | 40 HRC | 22 % IACS |
TH04This page TD04 and precipitation hardened | Highest strength/hardness condition — choose for springs, dies and wear parts where forming is finished and ductility is not needed. | 1,210 | 1,380 | 2 | 42 HRC | 22 % IACS |
What is TBe1.9-TH04?
TBe1.9-TH04 is TBe1.9 in the TH04 condition — highest strength/hardness condition — choose for springs, dies and wear parts where forming is finished and ductility is not needed. TBe1.9-TH04 has a yield strength of 1,210 MPa (175 ksi) and a tensile strength of 1,380 MPa (200 ksi) — stronger than 100% of copper alloy grades. Elongation at break is 2% and the elastic modulus is 130 GPa (18.9 Msi). TBe1.9-TH04 has a density of 8.26 g/cm³ (0.298 lb/in³), lighter than 83% of copper alloy grades. It melts at 865°C (1,589 °F). TF00 is the default condition FabDigit quotes; TH04 is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- High strength — 1,210 MPa (175 ksi), better than 100% of copper alloy grades
- Polishes to a fine finish — 85/100, better than 92% of copper alloy grades
- Stiff — 130 GPa (18.9 Msi), better than 89% of copper alloy grades
Limitations
- High embodied carbon — 9 kg CO₂/kg, worse than 99% of copper alloy grades
- Limited ductility — 2%, worse than 98% of copper alloy grades
- Limited formability — 10/100, worse than 89% of copper alloy grades
TBe1.9-TH04 properties
Typical room-temperature values for TBe1.9-TH04; 10 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are TBe1.9 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among copper alloy grades.
Physical3
TBe1.9-TH04 has a density of 8.26 g/cm³ (0.298 lb/in³), lighter than 83% of copper alloy grades. It melts at 865°C (1,589 °F).
Mechanical16
TBe1.9-TH04 has a yield strength of 1,210 MPa (175 ksi) and a tensile strength of 1,380 MPa (200 ksi) — stronger than 100% of copper alloy grades. Elongation at break is 2% and the elastic modulus is 130 GPa (18.9 Msi).
Thermal6
TBe1.9-TH04 is rated for continuous service to 200°C (392 °F). It conducts heat at 118 W/m·K (68.2 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 65% of copper alloy grades. Thermal expansion is 17.5 µm/m·K (9.72 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
TBe1.9-TH04 conducts electricity at 22 % IACS, better than 55% of copper alloy grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is good (65/100), better than 58% of copper alloy grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of TBe1.9-TH04 takes about 130 MJ of energy and emits 9 kg of CO₂ — more than 99% of copper alloy grades. Typical recycled content is 30%.
Manufacturability7
TBe1.9-TH04's machinability is fair (45/100, better than 64% of copper alloy grades); weldability fair (40/100); formability not recommended (10/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with TBe1.9-TH04
Is TBe1.9 easy to machine?
Machines like a hard bronze in the aged (TF00/TH04) state with carbide tools, positive rake and flood coolant; all cutting, grinding and polishing must be wet or locally exhausted because beryllium-bearing dust and fume are toxic.
Can TBe1.9 be welded?
Fusion welding is difficult (Be oxide film, loss of ageing response) — prefer resistance, laser or electron-beam welding on solution-treated material and re-age afterwards; braze/solder with pre-cleaned, flux-protected joints.
Can TBe1.9 be formed, bent or molded?
Form only in TB00/TD01 tempers then precipitation age (typically ~315–330 °C, 2–3 h) allowing for ~0.1–0.3 % shrinkage; castings need controlled melting under cover and full solution treatment (~790 °C, water quench) before ageing.
What surface finishes work on TBe1.9?
Takes a mirror polish suited to mould inserts; readily nickel-, silver- or gold-plated after oxide removal, and produces a stable brown patina in air — no anodizing (n/a for copper alloys).
TBe1.9 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Beprimary precipitation-hardening element | 1.85 – 2.1 | 1.95 |
| Nigrain refinement / ageing control | 0.2 – 0.4 | 0.3 |
| Ti | 0.1 – 0.25 | 0.18 |
| Feimpurity limit | ≤ 0.15 | — |
| Siimpurity limit | ≤ 0.15 | — |
| Alimpurity limit | ≤ 0.15 | — |
| Pbimpurity limit | ≤ 0.01 | — |
| Cu | balance | — |
TBe1.9-TH04 — frequently asked
What is TBe1.9-TH04 used for?
TBe1.9-TH04 is typically used for cast bushings/bearings, non-sparking tool castings, mold inserts and wear plates. In short: cast beryllium bronze; high hardness, non-sparking; mirror-polishable mould material.
What is the yield strength of TBe1.9-TH04?
TBe1.9-TH04 has a typical yield strength of 1,210 MPa (175 ksi) and a tensile strength of 1,380 MPa (200 ksi) — stronger than 100% of copper alloy grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 10 listed tempers.
Is TBe1.9-TH04 easy to machine?
Reasonably — machinability is rated fair (45/100, better than 64% of copper alloy grades). Machines like a hard bronze in the aged (TF00/TH04) state with carbide tools, positive rake and flood coolant; all cutting, grinding and polishing must be wet or locally exhausted because beryllium-bearing dust and fume are toxic.
Can TBe1.9-TH04 be welded?
With care — weldability is rated fair (40/100). Fusion welding is difficult (Be oxide film, loss of ageing response) — prefer resistance, laser or electron-beam welding on solution-treated material and re-age afterwards; braze/solder with pre-cleaned, flux-protected joints.
What surface finishes work on TBe1.9-TH04?
Takes a mirror polish suited to mould inserts; readily nickel-, silver- or gold-plated after oxide removal, and produces a stable brown patina in air — no anodizing (n/a for copper alloys).
Can TBe1.9-TH04 be formed, bent or molded?
Form only in TB00/TD01 tempers then precipitation age (typically ~315–330 °C, 2–3 h) allowing for ~0.1–0.3 % shrinkage; castings need controlled melting under cover and full solution treatment (~790 °C, water quench) before ageing.
What is the maximum service temperature of TBe1.9-TH04?
TBe1.9-TH04 is rated for continuous use to about 200°C (392 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between TBe1.9-TF00 and TBe1.9-TB00?
TF00 is the default condition — standard stock condition for machined bar, plate, bushings and mould inserts needing ~1200 MPa strength with 36–40 HRC. TB00: pick for maximum formability: deep-drawn, bent or coined parts that will be precipitation aged after forming. Yield strength is 1,030 MPa in TF00 versus 240 MPa in TB00.
Sources
- GB/T 2059 / GB/T 2040 — SAC (2017)
- ASM Handbook Vol.2 — Properties of Nonferrous Alloys (C17200) — ASM International (1990)
- Alloy 25 (CuBe2) technical datasheet — Materion Brush Performance Alloys (2021)
- C17200 alloy properties — Copper Development Association (copper.org) (2023)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.