Stainless Steel 422 Hot Rolled
Finish state
AISI/SAE 422 · UNS S42200
Mill stock supplied for subsequent forging and heat treatment; hard, notch-sensitive and not for direct service use.
Values for the Hot Rolled condition
Other 422 tempers and conditions
422 is listed in 5 conditions; see the grade overview at 422.
Compare all 5 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
full anneal (~840–900 °C, slow cool) | Softest supply condition for machining, straightening or before hardening; not a service condition for high-temperature parts. | 590 | 790 | 20 | 22 HRC | — |
Normalized and tempered | Air-cooled from austenitizing then tempered; used for heavy forgings and sections where oil quenching risks cracking. | 790 | 960 | 17 | 32 HRC | 2.9 % IACS |
Hardened & TemperedDefault oil quench from ~1040 °C, temper 620–650 °C (≈300–340 HB) | Standard turbine-blade / high-temperature bolting condition: best balance of strength, creep resistance and toughness to 650 °C. | 860 | 1,030 | 16 | 32 HRC | 24 W/m·K |
Hot RolledThis page Hot Rolled / as-forged (untempered mill condition) | Mill stock supplied for subsequent forging and heat treatment; hard, notch-sensitive and not for direct service use. | 900 | 1,150 | 12 | 37 HRC | 2.8 % IACS |
Hardened and tempered low | Choose when maximum room-temperature strength and wear resistance matter more than toughness or long-term 600 °C stability. | 1,030 | 1,240 | 13 | 40 HRC | — |
What is 422 Hot Rolled?
422 Hot Rolled is 422 supplied in the Hot Rolled condition — mill stock supplied for subsequent forging and heat treatment; hard, notch-sensitive and not for direct service use. 422 Hot Rolled has a yield strength of 900 MPa (131 ksi) and a tensile strength of 1,150 MPa (167 ksi) — stronger than 98% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 12% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi). 422 Hot Rolled has a density of 7.8 g/cm³ (0.282 lb/in³), heavier than 50% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,425°C (2,597 °F). Hardened & Tempered is the default condition FabDigit quotes; Hot Rolled is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- High strength — 900 MPa (131 ksi), better than 98% of stainless steel grades
- Low embodied carbon — 3.5 kg CO₂/kg, better than 88% of stainless steel grades
- Conducts heat well — 23 W/m·K (13.3 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 78% of stainless steel grades
Limitations
- Needs corrosion protection — 30/100, worse than 99% of stainless steel grades
- Difficult to weld — 15/100, worse than 98% of stainless steel grades
- Low fracture toughness — 40 MPa·√m (36.4 ksi·√in), worse than 97% of stainless steel grades
- Limited ductility — 12%, worse than 95% of stainless steel grades
- Limited formability — 12/100, worse than 93% of stainless steel grades
422 Hot Rolled properties
Typical room-temperature values for 422 Hot Rolled; 22 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are 422 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among stainless steel grades.
Physical3
422 Hot Rolled has a density of 7.8 g/cm³ (0.282 lb/in³), heavier than 50% of stainless steel grades. It melts at 1,425°C (2,597 °F).
Mechanical15
422 Hot Rolled has a yield strength of 900 MPa (131 ksi) and a tensile strength of 1,150 MPa (167 ksi) — stronger than 98% of stainless steel grades. Elongation at break is 12% and the elastic modulus is 200 GPa (29 Msi).
Thermal5
422 Hot Rolled is rated for continuous service to 450°C (842 °F). It conducts heat at 23 W/m·K (13.3 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 78% of stainless steel grades. Thermal expansion is 11.2 µm/m·K (6.22 µin/in·°F).
Electrical2
422 Hot Rolled has an electrical resistivity of 6.2×10⁻⁷ Ω·m.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is poor (30/100), worse than 99% of stainless steel grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of 422 Hot Rolled takes about 53 MJ of energy and emits 3.5 kg of CO₂ — less than 67% of stainless steel grades. Typical recycled content is 40%.
Manufacturability7
422 Hot Rolled's machinability is poor (26/100, worse than 84% of stainless steel grades); weldability poor (15/100); formability not recommended (12/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with 422 Hot Rolled
Is 422 easy to machine?
Machine in the annealed or high-temper condition with rigid setups, sharp carbide tooling, low speed (~25–45 m/min) and heavy feeds; the W/V carbides are abrasive and work-hardening is significant.
Can 422 be welded?
Weldable only with 400 °C-class preheat, matching or 410NiMo filler, interpass control and mandatory post-weld temper at ~700 °C — otherwise cold cracking of the martensitic HAZ.
Can 422 be formed, bent or molded?
Hot work at 1100–1150 °C with slow cooling and immediate annealing; cold forming is essentially limited to gentle straightening.
What surface finishes work on 422?
Passivate after machining, or apply steam/black-oxide, chromizing or aluminizing for high-temperature oxidation; takes a good mechanical polish but never anodizes.
422 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| C | 0.2 – 0.25 | 0.22 |
| Mn | 0.5 – 1 | 0.75 |
| Si | ≤ 0.5 | 0.35 |
| P | ≤ 0.03 | — |
| S | ≤ 0.03 | — |
| Cr | 11 – 12.5 | 11.75 |
| Ni | 0.5 – 1 | 0.75 |
| Mo | 0.9 – 1.25 | 1 |
| W | 0.9 – 1.25 | 1 |
| V | 0.2 – 0.3 | 0.25 |
| Fe | balance | — |
422 Hot Rolled — frequently asked
What is 422 Hot Rolled used for?
422 Hot Rolled is typically used for steam turbine blades, high-temperature bolting and studs, valve bodies and stems for steam service, turbine rotor and disc forgings, pump shafts for hot service and compressor components. In short: high-temp martensitic forging.
What is the yield strength of 422 Hot Rolled?
422 Hot Rolled has a typical yield strength of 900 MPa (131 ksi) and a tensile strength of 1,150 MPa (167 ksi) — stronger than 98% of stainless steel grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 5 listed tempers.
Is 422 Hot Rolled easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated poor (26/100, worse than 84% of stainless steel grades). Machine in the annealed or high-temper condition with rigid setups, sharp carbide tooling, low speed (~25–45 m/min) and heavy feeds; the W/V carbides are abrasive and work-hardening is significant.
Can 422 Hot Rolled be welded?
Not readily — weldability is rated poor (15/100). Weldable only with 400 °C-class preheat, matching or 410NiMo filler, interpass control and mandatory post-weld temper at ~700 °C — otherwise cold cracking of the martensitic HAZ.
What surface finishes work on 422 Hot Rolled?
Passivate after machining, or apply steam/black-oxide, chromizing or aluminizing for high-temperature oxidation; takes a good mechanical polish but never anodizes.
Can 422 Hot Rolled be formed, bent or molded?
Hot work at 1100–1150 °C with slow cooling and immediate annealing; cold forming is essentially limited to gentle straightening.
What is the maximum service temperature of 422 Hot Rolled?
422 Hot Rolled is rated for continuous use to about 450°C (842 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
Can FabDigit make parts in 422 Hot Rolled?
Yes — 422 Hot Rolled is available for CNC machining and sheet metal; every part is priced by an engineer rather than instantly. Upload a STEP file to get a price and a DFM check.
Sources
- ASTM A565/A565M — Martensitic Stainless Steel Bars for High-Temperature Service (Grade 616 / S42200) — ASTM International (2019)
- ASTM A276/A479 — Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes — ASTM International (2022)
- ASM Specialty Handbook: Stainless Steels — ASM International (1994)
- ASM Handbook Vol.1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels and High-Performance Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- Unified Numbering System for Metals and Alloys (UNS S42200) — SAE/ASTM (2017)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.