Copper Alloy C19010-TM02
Precip hard
UNS C19010 · EN CW109C, CuNi2Si
TM02 = mill hardened, half hard
Mill-hardened level for parts needing good bend formability plus better stress relaxation than plain cold work.
Values for the TM02 condition
Other C19010 tempers and conditions
C19010 is listed in 13 conditions; see the grade overview at C19010.
Compare all 13 conditionsHide
| Condition · open for datasheet | Best for | Yield MPa | Tensile MPa | Elong. % | Hardness | Conductivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Soft annealed | Choose for deep-drawn or severely formed parts that will be precipitation aged by the user after forming. | 130 | 310 | 35 | 40 HRB | 45 % IACS |
Quarter hard | Lowest cold-rolled temper: pick when tight bends and forming dominate over spring force. | 340 | 400 | 13 | 62 HRB | 58 % IACS |
Half hard | Balanced strength/formability cold-rolled temper for stamped terminals with moderate bends. | 400 | 440 | 9 | 70 HRB | 57 % IACS |
TM02This page Mill hardened, half hard | Mill-hardened level for parts needing good bend formability plus better stress relaxation than plain cold work. | 400 | 450 | 13 | 68 HRB | 61 % IACS |
Three-quarter hard | Use when H02 lacks contact force but full-hard bend performance is still needed. | 435 | 470 | 7 | 74 HRB | 56 % IACS |
Mill hardened, intermediate strength | Pick for stamped connector contacts needing 90° bends in both directions with H03-class strength. | 445 | 490 | 11 | 73 HRB | 60 % IACS |
Full hard | Standard hard cold-rolled strip for flat stamped conductors and lead frames with simple bends. | 470 | 500 | 5 | 78 HRB | 55 % IACS |
TM04Default Mill hardened, full hard | The workhorse condition: age hardened at the mill for full-hard-class strength with usable formability and 55–65 % IACS. | 480 | 520 | 8 | 77 HRB | 60 % IACS |
Extra hard | Higher cold-work level for straight stamped springs where bending is minimal. | 515 | 540 | 3.5 | 82 HRB | 55 % IACS |
Mill hardened, extra hard | Higher mill-hardened level for higher contact normal force and better relaxation resistance at 150–200 °C. | 535 | 570 | 6 | 82 HRB | 58 % IACS |
Spring hard | Spring temper strip for high contact-force clips accepting limited bend formability. | 550 | 570 | 2.5 | 85 HRB | 54 % IACS |
Extra spring hard | Maximum cold-rolled strength for flat springs with essentially no forming after rolling. | 580 | 600 | 2 | 88 HRB | 54 % IACS |
Mill hardened, spring hard | Top mill-hardened level: strongest spring performance of C19010 while keeping >55 % IACS. | 580 | 610 | 4 | 86 HRB | 57 % IACS |
What is C19010-TM02?
C19010-TM02 is C19010 in the TM02 condition — mill-hardened level for parts needing good bend formability plus better stress relaxation than plain cold work. C19010-TM02 has a yield strength of 400 MPa (58 ksi) and a tensile strength of 450 MPa (65.3 ksi) — stronger than 80% of copper alloy grades. Elongation at break is 13% and the elastic modulus is 131 GPa (19 Msi). C19010-TM02 has a density of 8.86 g/cm³ (0.32 lb/in³), heavier than 68% of copper alloy grades. It melts at 1,075°C (1,967 °F). TM04 is the default condition FabDigit quotes; TM02 is available on request or by drawing note.
Advantages
- Stiff — 131 GPa (19 Msi), better than 91% of copper alloy grades
- Forms and bends easily — 80/100, better than 83% of copper alloy grades
- High electrical conductivity — 61 % IACS, better than 82% of copper alloy grades
- Conducts heat well — 235 W/m·K (135.8 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 81% of copper alloy grades
- High strength — 400 MPa (58 ksi), better than 80% of copper alloy grades
C19010-TM02 properties
Typical room-temperature values for C19010-TM02; 11 are specific to this condition. Other listed values are C19010 reference data and may not represent this condition. Bars are the position among copper alloy grades.
Physical3
C19010-TM02 has a density of 8.86 g/cm³ (0.32 lb/in³), heavier than 68% of copper alloy grades. It melts at 1,075°C (1,967 °F).
Mechanical11
C19010-TM02 has a yield strength of 400 MPa (58 ksi) and a tensile strength of 450 MPa (65.3 ksi) — stronger than 80% of copper alloy grades. Elongation at break is 13% and the elastic modulus is 131 GPa (19 Msi).
Thermal6
C19010-TM02 is rated for continuous service to 200°C (392 °F). It conducts heat at 235 W/m·K (135.8 BTU/hr·ft·°F), better than 81% of copper alloy grades. Thermal expansion is 17.6 µm/m·K (9.78 µin/in·°F).
Electrical3
C19010-TM02 conducts electricity at 61 % IACS, better than 82% of copper alloy grades.
Chemical & Environmental3
Corrosion resistance is good (55/100), worse than 86% of copper alloy grades.
Sustainability4
Producing a kilogram of C19010-TM02 takes about 57 MJ of energy and emits 3.6 kg of CO₂ — less than 52% of copper alloy grades. Typical recycled content is 30%.
Manufacturability7
C19010-TM02's machinability is fair (38/100, better than 55% of copper alloy grades); weldability fair (45/100); formability very good (80/100).
Values are nominal handbook figures for design screening. Confirm any required mill or lot documentation when quoting.
Working with C19010-TM02
Is C19010 easy to machine?
Machines like a tough, gummy copper alloy — sharp positive-rake carbide, high speed, generous coolant; expect burrs and plan for deburring on stamped edges.
Can C19010 be welded?
Resistance, laser and ultrasonic joining are routine; fusion arc welding locally dissolves the Ni-Si precipitates and softens the HAZ, so avoid it on spring sections.
Can C19010 be formed, bent or molded?
Stamp and form in mill-hardened tempers (TM03–TM06) for the best bend-versus-strength trade-off; align tight bends good-way when possible and allow more springback than for brass.
What surface finishes work on C19010?
Not anodizable; standard finishes are matte/bright tin, nickel underplate plus gold or silver for contacts — solderability is excellent, and bare surfaces tarnish so store dry.
C19010 chemical composition (wt %)
Limits by weight percent from the governing specification, written the way the spec states them — a single maximum for impurities, a range for alloying elements, and the base element as balance. Nominal is the typical mid-range value.
| Element | Spec limit (wt %) | Nominal |
|---|---|---|
| Niprimary precipitate former with Si | 0.8 – 1.8 | 1.1 |
| Si | 0.15 – 0.35 | 0.22 |
| P | 0.01 – 0.04 | 0.03 |
| Pbimpurity limit | ≤ 0.02 | — |
| CuCu + named elements 99.8 % min; Cu 98.7 % min | balance | — |
C19010-TM02 — frequently asked
What is C19010-TM02 used for?
C19010-TM02 is typically used for electrical/electronic connectors, lead frames and high-strength contacts. In short: 60% IACS spring copper; mill-hardened connector strip; beryllium-free contact alloy.
What is the yield strength of C19010-TM02?
C19010-TM02 has a typical yield strength of 400 MPa (58 ksi) and a tensile strength of 450 MPa (65.3 ksi) — stronger than 80% of copper alloy grades. Strength varies by condition: see the 13 listed tempers.
Is C19010-TM02 easy to machine?
Not especially — machinability is rated fair (38/100, better than 55% of copper alloy grades). Machines like a tough, gummy copper alloy — sharp positive-rake carbide, high speed, generous coolant; expect burrs and plan for deburring on stamped edges.
Can C19010-TM02 be welded?
With care — weldability is rated fair (45/100). Resistance, laser and ultrasonic joining are routine; fusion arc welding locally dissolves the Ni-Si precipitates and softens the HAZ, so avoid it on spring sections.
What surface finishes work on C19010-TM02?
Not anodizable; standard finishes are matte/bright tin, nickel underplate plus gold or silver for contacts — solderability is excellent, and bare surfaces tarnish so store dry.
Can C19010-TM02 be formed, bent or molded?
Stamp and form in mill-hardened tempers (TM03–TM06) for the best bend-versus-strength trade-off; align tight bends good-way when possible and allow more springback than for brass.
What is the maximum service temperature of C19010-TM02?
C19010-TM02 is rated for continuous use to about 200°C (392 °F). Strength falls off well before that limit — check the elevated-temperature data for load-bearing parts.
What is the difference between C19010-TM04 and C19010-O60?
TM04 is the default condition — the workhorse condition: age hardened at the mill for full-hard-class strength with usable formability and 55–65 % IACS. O60: choose for deep-drawn or severely formed parts that will be precipitation aged by the user after forming. Yield strength is 480 MPa in TM04 versus 130 MPa in O60.
Sources
- ASTM B747/B747M — Copper Alloy Strip for Use in Manufacture of Electrical Connectors or Spring Contacts — ASTM International (2021)
- ASTM B888/B888M — Copper Alloy Strip for Automotive Electrical Connectors — ASTM International (2020)
- CDA/UNS alloy registration data for C19010 — Copper Development Association (2023)
- ASM Handbook Vol. 2 — Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys — ASM International (1990)
- High-performance Cu-Ni-Si connector strip datasheets (Wieland / Materion / KME class products) — various producers (2023)
- EN 1654 / CW109C (CuNi2Si) strip for springs and connectors — CEN (2019)
Property data is compiled from published supplier and standards handbooks and normalised for comparison. Nothing on this page is a certification — request mill certs, CoC or material test reports with your order.